The Nervous System - Learning on the Loop
... Cell membranes contain myelin Myelin insulates axons and enables axons to send nerve impulses more quickly ...
... Cell membranes contain myelin Myelin insulates axons and enables axons to send nerve impulses more quickly ...
L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... or all three subtypes of MB neurons (Fig. 1 A). Interestingly, the majority of NB clones did not show any alteration of axonal projections (Fig. 2, D, E, and J). However, in 20% of these clones, we observed defects including the formation of ball-like structures below the calyx resembling the ph ...
... or all three subtypes of MB neurons (Fig. 1 A). Interestingly, the majority of NB clones did not show any alteration of axonal projections (Fig. 2, D, E, and J). However, in 20% of these clones, we observed defects including the formation of ball-like structures below the calyx resembling the ph ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... 1994; Das and Gilbert, 1995; Toth et al., 1994: I3ringuier et al., 1999) have shown that subthreshold synaptic inputs to Vl neurons can arise from a much wider region ...
... 1994; Das and Gilbert, 1995; Toth et al., 1994: I3ringuier et al., 1999) have shown that subthreshold synaptic inputs to Vl neurons can arise from a much wider region ...
Interval time coding by neurons in the presupplementary and
... primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration of sensory signals, have demonstrated the importance of cortico- ...
... primates and other animals3–6. Previous studies using behavioral tasks that require the anticipation of event timing or decision making in the temporal domain, as well as the perception of elapsed time or discrimination of the duration of sensory signals, have demonstrated the importance of cortico- ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... – deep lesioning: insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message ...
... – deep lesioning: insertion of a thin, insulated wire into the brain through which an electrical current is sent that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire – electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB): milder electrical current that causes neurons to react as if they had received a message ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... neurons of amygdala and inhibitory circuits involved in fear encoding have recently been published [4–7]. The amygdala is one of the most powerful brain areas to address questions regarding the causal relationships between circuit function and behaviour. Remarkably, the physiological role of some sp ...
... neurons of amygdala and inhibitory circuits involved in fear encoding have recently been published [4–7]. The amygdala is one of the most powerful brain areas to address questions regarding the causal relationships between circuit function and behaviour. Remarkably, the physiological role of some sp ...
On the Upper Bound of the Information Capacity in Neuronal
... The knowledge about the neuronal anatomy, physiology, and the manner in which information is processed and communicated at various stages in single neurons has accumulated [6], [7], [16]. The main neuronal compartments with two possible configurations forming the concepts of bipartite and tripartite ...
... The knowledge about the neuronal anatomy, physiology, and the manner in which information is processed and communicated at various stages in single neurons has accumulated [6], [7], [16]. The main neuronal compartments with two possible configurations forming the concepts of bipartite and tripartite ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
Channels active in the excitability of nerves and skeletal muscles
... smooth muscle cells) are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses. In contrast, nonexcitable cells (epithelial, skin, liver, and salivary gland cells) have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use ...
... smooth muscle cells) are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses. In contrast, nonexcitable cells (epithelial, skin, liver, and salivary gland cells) have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use ...
paper - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... It is well-known that neurons communicate with short electric pulses, called action potentials or spikes. But how can spiking networks implement complex computations? Attempts to relate spiking network activity to results of deterministic computation steps, like the output bits of a processor in a d ...
... It is well-known that neurons communicate with short electric pulses, called action potentials or spikes. But how can spiking networks implement complex computations? Attempts to relate spiking network activity to results of deterministic computation steps, like the output bits of a processor in a d ...
Ocular Dominance and Patterned Lateral Connections in a Self
... and in a continuously-adapting dynamic equilibrium with the input. Therefore, the receptive field properties of neurons can dynamically readapt when the activity correlations in the network are forced to change. For example, when a small area of the cortex is set inactive (or lesioned), the sharply- ...
... and in a continuously-adapting dynamic equilibrium with the input. Therefore, the receptive field properties of neurons can dynamically readapt when the activity correlations in the network are forced to change. For example, when a small area of the cortex is set inactive (or lesioned), the sharply- ...
Channels active in the excitability of nerves and skeletal muscles
... smooth muscle cells) are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses. In contrast, nonexcitable cells (epithelial, skin, liver, and salivary gland cells) have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use ...
... smooth muscle cells) are characterized by having a high number of voltage-gated ion channels and using propagating action potentials to initiate their responses. In contrast, nonexcitable cells (epithelial, skin, liver, and salivary gland cells) have few voltage-gated ion channels and generally use ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... used to drive the glass blob to tap the tadpole forehead to simulate its physical head-on clashes with a solid surface. The speed of tap could be adjusted by changing the sinewave frequency to match natural swimming speed (⬃36 mm/s). To exclude the involvement of the cement gland in KO responses, th ...
... used to drive the glass blob to tap the tadpole forehead to simulate its physical head-on clashes with a solid surface. The speed of tap could be adjusted by changing the sinewave frequency to match natural swimming speed (⬃36 mm/s). To exclude the involvement of the cement gland in KO responses, th ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... (V m ) was similar, as was spike threshold (V rest fosGFP+ –62.89 ± 1.94 mV versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 36.98 ± 1.65 mV versus fosGFP– –35.10 ± 1.22 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.109). There were small but significant differences, however, in the kinetics of ...
... (V m ) was similar, as was spike threshold (V rest fosGFP+ –62.89 ± 1.94 mV versus fosGFP– –60.59 ± 2.30 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.375; V thresh fosGFP+ – 36.98 ± 1.65 mV versus fosGFP– –35.10 ± 1.22 mV, n = 7 pairs, p = 0.109). There were small but significant differences, however, in the kinetics of ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... firing rate decreases and the response variability increases in higher layers of the network (Fig. 4c; Vogel et al. 2005; Wohlgemuth and Ronacher 2007; Clemens et al. 2011). In addition, while single receptor neurons and local neurons faithfully represent the amplitude modulation of the song (Machen ...
... firing rate decreases and the response variability increases in higher layers of the network (Fig. 4c; Vogel et al. 2005; Wohlgemuth and Ronacher 2007; Clemens et al. 2011). In addition, while single receptor neurons and local neurons faithfully represent the amplitude modulation of the song (Machen ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... The voltage clamp intervenes in this process by simultaneously withdrawing positive charges from the cell and depositing them in the external solution. By generating a current that is equal and opposite to the ionic current, the voltage-clamp circuit automatically prevents the ionic current from cha ...
... The voltage clamp intervenes in this process by simultaneously withdrawing positive charges from the cell and depositing them in the external solution. By generating a current that is equal and opposite to the ionic current, the voltage-clamp circuit automatically prevents the ionic current from cha ...
Stop-Signal Task - Gemstone Honors Program
... of ADHD will help create a concrete method for diagnosing this disorder and how to treat it. Once a neural basis is established, doctors could use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scans to determine if the brain is malfunctioning and if the patient has a medical disorder. This woul ...
... of ADHD will help create a concrete method for diagnosing this disorder and how to treat it. Once a neural basis is established, doctors could use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scans to determine if the brain is malfunctioning and if the patient has a medical disorder. This woul ...
From the Eye to the Brain: Development of the Drosophila
... 1. INTRODUCTION The mammalian brain is composed of a very large number of cells belonging to many different cell types, a complexity that poses serious challenges (Kandel, Schwartz, & Jessell, 2000). Our current understanding of the development of neural circuits underlying the computation of differ ...
... 1. INTRODUCTION The mammalian brain is composed of a very large number of cells belonging to many different cell types, a complexity that poses serious challenges (Kandel, Schwartz, & Jessell, 2000). Our current understanding of the development of neural circuits underlying the computation of differ ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... gesture could be performed either facing the monkey or directing the head to the right or to the left. The actions were presented to the monkeys mostly by two experimenters (PF and LF) and, occasionally, also by the others. Although the two monkeys were particularly familiar with the experimenter (P ...
... gesture could be performed either facing the monkey or directing the head to the right or to the left. The actions were presented to the monkeys mostly by two experimenters (PF and LF) and, occasionally, also by the others. Although the two monkeys were particularly familiar with the experimenter (P ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... connections in such a manner that constitute a network with pacemaker properties. The oscillators have their own discharge frequency, various among different oscillators and dependent on their internal connectivity in spite of close intrinsic electrophysiological properties of single neurons which c ...
... connections in such a manner that constitute a network with pacemaker properties. The oscillators have their own discharge frequency, various among different oscillators and dependent on their internal connectivity in spite of close intrinsic electrophysiological properties of single neurons which c ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... A flip-flop switch has one important advantage – when it switches from one state to another, it does so quickly. Clearly, it is to our advantage to be either asleep or awake. A state that has some of the characteristics of both sleep and wakefulness would be quite problematic! Controlling the switch ...
... A flip-flop switch has one important advantage – when it switches from one state to another, it does so quickly. Clearly, it is to our advantage to be either asleep or awake. A state that has some of the characteristics of both sleep and wakefulness would be quite problematic! Controlling the switch ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... (70 – 100) of implanted electrodes in selected neural populations. We cite three examples. First, Wu et al. [97] studied two different behaviors (gill withdrawal and respiratory pumping) in Aplysia while recording from seventy neurons. They discovered that the populations of neurons that were active ...
... (70 – 100) of implanted electrodes in selected neural populations. We cite three examples. First, Wu et al. [97] studied two different behaviors (gill withdrawal and respiratory pumping) in Aplysia while recording from seventy neurons. They discovered that the populations of neurons that were active ...
The Octopus: A Model for a Comparative Analysis of the Evolution of
... The first known record of the behavioral capabilities of octopuses and their close relatives dates back to Aristotle, who defined octopuses as “stupid” animals, since their strong exploratory drive made it easy for people to catch them by simply waving their hands underwater (Aristotle, 1910). Moder ...
... The first known record of the behavioral capabilities of octopuses and their close relatives dates back to Aristotle, who defined octopuses as “stupid” animals, since their strong exploratory drive made it easy for people to catch them by simply waving their hands underwater (Aristotle, 1910). Moder ...