Encoding of Movement Fragments in the Motor Cortex
... averaging. All isolated single units used in this study possessed signal-tonoise ratios of 4:1 or higher. A total of 13 data sets (four data sets for animal BO, four data sets for animal RJ, and five data sets from animal RS) were analyzed, where a data set is defined as all simultaneously recorded ...
... averaging. All isolated single units used in this study possessed signal-tonoise ratios of 4:1 or higher. A total of 13 data sets (four data sets for animal BO, four data sets for animal RJ, and five data sets from animal RS) were analyzed, where a data set is defined as all simultaneously recorded ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... comprehensive understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of hippocampal learning will likely require a quantitative map of the entire axonal arbors originating from different network sub-regions. On the other hand, this same structural complexity renders the 3D digital reconstruction of these axons exc ...
... comprehensive understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of hippocampal learning will likely require a quantitative map of the entire axonal arbors originating from different network sub-regions. On the other hand, this same structural complexity renders the 3D digital reconstruction of these axons exc ...
SEGMENTATION OF NEURONS BASED ON ONE
... of six dataset (Neocortical Layer 1 Axons (NL), Neuromuscular Projection Fibers (NP) and Olfactory Projection Fibers (OP)) due to space limitations. Parameter Settings: There are seven parameters (n, cm , N , σs , k1 , k2 , and σ). We choose n = 60 because it provides a small transition band, cm = ( ...
... of six dataset (Neocortical Layer 1 Axons (NL), Neuromuscular Projection Fibers (NP) and Olfactory Projection Fibers (OP)) due to space limitations. Parameter Settings: There are seven parameters (n, cm , N , σs , k1 , k2 , and σ). We choose n = 60 because it provides a small transition band, cm = ( ...
Slide 1
... nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system. • Parts of a Neuron – ** Dendrites - branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons. (the in) – Soma - the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. – Axon - long tube-like stru ...
... nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system. • Parts of a Neuron – ** Dendrites - branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons. (the in) – Soma - the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. – Axon - long tube-like stru ...
Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment
... delivery, the animal usually returned the handle to the center target with a self-paced movement prior to the lighting of five LEDs at the onset of the next trial. Comparison of the two behavioral contexts in which movements were generated shows that cued movements were triggered by an auditory tone ...
... delivery, the animal usually returned the handle to the center target with a self-paced movement prior to the lighting of five LEDs at the onset of the next trial. Comparison of the two behavioral contexts in which movements were generated shows that cued movements were triggered by an auditory tone ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... density of cell bodies observed after counterstaining in macaques [13]. Many nigral neurons in rat have dendritic varicosities, which are not found on the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosit ...
... density of cell bodies observed after counterstaining in macaques [13]. Many nigral neurons in rat have dendritic varicosities, which are not found on the thick dendritic trunks, but they are located slightly further from the cell body [23], and in the primates Schwyn and Fox [34] observed varicosit ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... including area 6V according to a histological examination, which will be explained later. Two micromanipulators were used to lower linear array multicontact electrodes (Neuronexus, Ann Arbor, MI, US) vertically perpendicular to the cortical surface in the STS injection site and in the labeled spots ...
... including area 6V according to a histological examination, which will be explained later. Two micromanipulators were used to lower linear array multicontact electrodes (Neuronexus, Ann Arbor, MI, US) vertically perpendicular to the cortical surface in the STS injection site and in the labeled spots ...
The Bifurcating Neuron Network 1q
... reproduce the actual behavior of a neuron as closely as possible. Choosing a model neuron of the proper complexity is not an easy task because the nature of the approximation implied by a certain model is often unclear until the model is tested in a network. An obvious minimum requirement would be t ...
... reproduce the actual behavior of a neuron as closely as possible. Choosing a model neuron of the proper complexity is not an easy task because the nature of the approximation implied by a certain model is often unclear until the model is tested in a network. An obvious minimum requirement would be t ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... (J. Yan and N. Suga, unpublished observations), but did not at all reduce the responses of three thalamic and one collicular DSCF neuron tested. Muscimol applied to the DSCF area had no effect on thalamic FM-FM neurons, which were located immediately dorsomedial to thalamic DSCF neurons. These contr ...
... (J. Yan and N. Suga, unpublished observations), but did not at all reduce the responses of three thalamic and one collicular DSCF neuron tested. Muscimol applied to the DSCF area had no effect on thalamic FM-FM neurons, which were located immediately dorsomedial to thalamic DSCF neurons. These contr ...
Local synaptic connections of basal forebrain neurons
... cally depends on basal forebrain inputs to the cortex. The neural circuitry underlying BF modulation of cortical activity still remained obscure, because these studies did not identify the recorded neurons chemically or morphologically [26]. Basal forebrain areas, including the medial septum/vertica ...
... cally depends on basal forebrain inputs to the cortex. The neural circuitry underlying BF modulation of cortical activity still remained obscure, because these studies did not identify the recorded neurons chemically or morphologically [26]. Basal forebrain areas, including the medial septum/vertica ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... widespread cortical projections of thalamic intralaminar nuclei, such neurons may contribute potently to the synchronization of fast oscillations in TC networks. These results are consonant with the hypothesis that the synchronization of fast oscillations during brain-active behavioral states is med ...
... widespread cortical projections of thalamic intralaminar nuclei, such neurons may contribute potently to the synchronization of fast oscillations in TC networks. These results are consonant with the hypothesis that the synchronization of fast oscillations during brain-active behavioral states is med ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... The small increase due to a single antidromic spike was comparable to the smallest increases observed in the Mauthner cell during escapes elicited by a tap. The small tap-evoked increases occurred in early trials in a series of escapes elicited at 2 min intervals. However, the Mauthner cell response ...
... The small increase due to a single antidromic spike was comparable to the smallest increases observed in the Mauthner cell during escapes elicited by a tap. The small tap-evoked increases occurred in early trials in a series of escapes elicited at 2 min intervals. However, the Mauthner cell response ...
What is a Brain State
... pump would lead us to examining the handle with an eye towards trying to see how and why moving it pumps the water. Granted that fMRI’s don’t offer pictures of brain states the natural conclusion would seem to be to investigate the activity they indicate. One may then think that more fine grained im ...
... pump would lead us to examining the handle with an eye towards trying to see how and why moving it pumps the water. Granted that fMRI’s don’t offer pictures of brain states the natural conclusion would seem to be to investigate the activity they indicate. One may then think that more fine grained im ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... or other brain nuclei (Chenu et al. 2012). The later discoveries about the mechanisms of ADs revealed that many of these drugs inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT or inhibit the catabolism of neurotransmitters (Randrup and Braestrup 1977; Sampson et al. 1991). The elev ...
... or other brain nuclei (Chenu et al. 2012). The later discoveries about the mechanisms of ADs revealed that many of these drugs inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT or inhibit the catabolism of neurotransmitters (Randrup and Braestrup 1977; Sampson et al. 1991). The elev ...
Connectivity and circuitry in a dish versus in a brain
... used in cell cultures or acute brain slices, with the advantage of having a high spatial and temporal resolution of signals across a neuronal network. In addition, the multi-electrode array technique can be combined with intracellular recordings [31]. Another important category of electrophysiologic ...
... used in cell cultures or acute brain slices, with the advantage of having a high spatial and temporal resolution of signals across a neuronal network. In addition, the multi-electrode array technique can be combined with intracellular recordings [31]. Another important category of electrophysiologic ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_9_lecture
... 2) Serve as ligand-gated ion channels for Na+ & K+ 3) Blocked by curare Muscarinic: found in visceral organs and stimulated by release of Ach from postganglionic neurons 1) Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) 2) Use G-proteins and second messenger sy ...
... 2) Serve as ligand-gated ion channels for Na+ & K+ 3) Blocked by curare Muscarinic: found in visceral organs and stimulated by release of Ach from postganglionic neurons 1) Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) 2) Use G-proteins and second messenger sy ...
Comparison between concentric needle EMG and macro EMG in
... Analysis of spontaneous activity at rest is assessed visually. Motor unit potential (MUP) analysis is performed automatically with an inbuilt program called Multi MUP analysis (StaÊlberg et al., 1996). This is based on signal decomposition and averaging. Manual editing is performed when necessary. U ...
... Analysis of spontaneous activity at rest is assessed visually. Motor unit potential (MUP) analysis is performed automatically with an inbuilt program called Multi MUP analysis (StaÊlberg et al., 1996). This is based on signal decomposition and averaging. Manual editing is performed when necessary. U ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... the heart was the seat of the mind and the soul, scientists and philosophers have been searching for a link between biology and our internal perception of the world around us. Modern neuroscience has long recognized that the physical source of our internal experience is the brain. Over the last few ...
... the heart was the seat of the mind and the soul, scientists and philosophers have been searching for a link between biology and our internal perception of the world around us. Modern neuroscience has long recognized that the physical source of our internal experience is the brain. Over the last few ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... experiments by Schultz et al.. In these experiments, an initial visual stimulus indicates one of three possible trials (Fig. 1A): (i) rewarded movement stimulus (Srm), whereby reward is given if the monkey presses a key; (ii) rewarded non-movement stimulus (Srnm), whereby reward is given if the monk ...
... experiments by Schultz et al.. In these experiments, an initial visual stimulus indicates one of three possible trials (Fig. 1A): (i) rewarded movement stimulus (Srm), whereby reward is given if the monkey presses a key; (ii) rewarded non-movement stimulus (Srnm), whereby reward is given if the monk ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... in the delay period was only found at the beginning of the delay period, or, much more rarely, at the very end of the delay period (see Figs. S1, S2 and S3 in Supplementary Notes online). Note that in the stimulus set A (Fig. 1b), all trials can be divided into two types: those in which f2 = f1 + 8 ...
... in the delay period was only found at the beginning of the delay period, or, much more rarely, at the very end of the delay period (see Figs. S1, S2 and S3 in Supplementary Notes online). Note that in the stimulus set A (Fig. 1b), all trials can be divided into two types: those in which f2 = f1 + 8 ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...