Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... well as necessary inorganic salts, amino acids, and vitamins (SigmaAldrich, Munich, Germany). Enzymatic activity was terminated by the addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor (2 mg/ml), bovine serum albumin (1 mg/ml), and CaCl2 (3 mmol/l) in modified L-15 medium, and the ganglia were triturated using ...
... well as necessary inorganic salts, amino acids, and vitamins (SigmaAldrich, Munich, Germany). Enzymatic activity was terminated by the addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor (2 mg/ml), bovine serum albumin (1 mg/ml), and CaCl2 (3 mmol/l) in modified L-15 medium, and the ganglia were triturated using ...
neural correlates of associative face memory in
... whether the preference for the abstract pattern associated with an individual face would be seen only during performance of the APA task, or whether it might also be seen during passive fixation, we ...
... whether the preference for the abstract pattern associated with an individual face would be seen only during performance of the APA task, or whether it might also be seen during passive fixation, we ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. The resistance of the microelectrodes varied between 7 and 15 MW. In several experiments simultaneous recordings were made from pairs of dorsal horn neurons in layers III–VI within the L6–L7 segments using two separate micropipettes inserted at angles t ...
... micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. The resistance of the microelectrodes varied between 7 and 15 MW. In several experiments simultaneous recordings were made from pairs of dorsal horn neurons in layers III–VI within the L6–L7 segments using two separate micropipettes inserted at angles t ...
Full version (PDF file)
... The amplitudes of both DPSPs were graded with the intensity of the stimulation (ventral n=10, dorsal n=4) (Fig. 2A), decreased with membrane potential depolarization and increased with membrane potential hyperpolarization (ventral n=3, dorsal n=3) (Fig. 2B). These synaptic potentials were also rever ...
... The amplitudes of both DPSPs were graded with the intensity of the stimulation (ventral n=10, dorsal n=4) (Fig. 2A), decreased with membrane potential depolarization and increased with membrane potential hyperpolarization (ventral n=3, dorsal n=3) (Fig. 2B). These synaptic potentials were also rever ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... To ensure that the changes in neuronal firing and discriminability that we detected were not the result of systematic differences in the inherent properties of neurons sampled, we compared the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of neuronal recordings before and after training (Joshua et al. 2007). For each n ...
... To ensure that the changes in neuronal firing and discriminability that we detected were not the result of systematic differences in the inherent properties of neurons sampled, we compared the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of neuronal recordings before and after training (Joshua et al. 2007). For each n ...
D22 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (re ...
... - especially useful in PROXIMAL peripheral neuropathies / radiculopathies (when conventional nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (re ...
UNC-55, an Orphan Nuclear Hormone Receptor, Orchestrates
... modifying the common genetic programs of neurons to create different synaptic specificities. The precisely defined sets of nerve and muscle cells responsible for locomotion in C. elegans allow genetic and cellular manipulations that provide a unique opportunity for investigating the generation of sp ...
... modifying the common genetic programs of neurons to create different synaptic specificities. The precisely defined sets of nerve and muscle cells responsible for locomotion in C. elegans allow genetic and cellular manipulations that provide a unique opportunity for investigating the generation of sp ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold was defined as the voltage where the first derivative first exceeded 20 mV/ms. Simulated synaptic currents were generated with exponentially rising (dendrite % 0.2 ms; s ...
... frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold was defined as the voltage where the first derivative first exceeded 20 mV/ms. Simulated synaptic currents were generated with exponentially rising (dendrite % 0.2 ms; s ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... action across many instances of it. What can be the functional role of mirror neurons? The hypothesis has been advanced that these neurons are part of a system that recognizes actions performed by others. This recognition is achieved by matching the observed action on neurons motorically coding the ...
... action across many instances of it. What can be the functional role of mirror neurons? The hypothesis has been advanced that these neurons are part of a system that recognizes actions performed by others. This recognition is achieved by matching the observed action on neurons motorically coding the ...
Chapter 15 Autonomic NS
... Autonomic Nervous System - Regulate activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & certain glands - Structures involved General visceral afferent neurons General visceral efferent neurons Integration center within the brain - Receives input from limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum ...
... Autonomic Nervous System - Regulate activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & certain glands - Structures involved General visceral afferent neurons General visceral efferent neurons Integration center within the brain - Receives input from limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... INTRODUCTION Over the past 25 years, numerous theories have been proposed that emphasize the role of perceptual and motor processes for higher cognitive abilities such as language comprehension and action understanding. According to these theories, which we broadly group under the term embodied cogn ...
... INTRODUCTION Over the past 25 years, numerous theories have been proposed that emphasize the role of perceptual and motor processes for higher cognitive abilities such as language comprehension and action understanding. According to these theories, which we broadly group under the term embodied cogn ...
The Relationship Between Synchronization Among Neuronal
... This article is about the relationship between fast dynamic interactions among neuronal populations and measures of neuronal activity that are integrated over time (e.g., functional neuroimaging). In particular, we address the question, “Can anything be inferred about fast coherent or phasic interac ...
... This article is about the relationship between fast dynamic interactions among neuronal populations and measures of neuronal activity that are integrated over time (e.g., functional neuroimaging). In particular, we address the question, “Can anything be inferred about fast coherent or phasic interac ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
empathize with fictional characters
... the activity of neuronal ensembles. Although these techniques present some interpretational limitations, the human studies seem compatible with the monkey data, suggesting the existence of a human mirror neuron system coding actions of the self and of other people, responding to action sounds, and c ...
... the activity of neuronal ensembles. Although these techniques present some interpretational limitations, the human studies seem compatible with the monkey data, suggesting the existence of a human mirror neuron system coding actions of the self and of other people, responding to action sounds, and c ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... of neurons in the human brain’s neo-cortex. The biological neo-cortex of the human brain consists of innumerable number of columns. Each column is made of six layers with millions of neurons in each layer. This implementation consists of ten columns with thirty-six neurons in each, i.e. six neurons ...
... of neurons in the human brain’s neo-cortex. The biological neo-cortex of the human brain consists of innumerable number of columns. Each column is made of six layers with millions of neurons in each layer. This implementation consists of ten columns with thirty-six neurons in each, i.e. six neurons ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... However, it is now also clear that the synapses are not permanent; in fact, synaptic patterns undergo significant change in a matter of hours. This means that to implement the long survival of distant memories (for several decades in humans), the brain must possess a molecular backup mechanism in so ...
... However, it is now also clear that the synapses are not permanent; in fact, synaptic patterns undergo significant change in a matter of hours. This means that to implement the long survival of distant memories (for several decades in humans), the brain must possess a molecular backup mechanism in so ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... of PG and GG neurons to the application of acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5HT), substance P (SP), and GABA. Whereas PG neurons responded to ACh, 5HT, SP, and GABA, GG neurons only responded to SP and GABA. In addition, the properties of GG neurons were more homogeneous than those of the PG because ...
... of PG and GG neurons to the application of acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5HT), substance P (SP), and GABA. Whereas PG neurons responded to ACh, 5HT, SP, and GABA, GG neurons only responded to SP and GABA. In addition, the properties of GG neurons were more homogeneous than those of the PG because ...
The Nervous System
... radio without a receiver. In the peripheral nervous system, sensory nerves carry messages from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord, which sends them along to the brain. These nerves put us in touch with both the outside world and th ...
... radio without a receiver. In the peripheral nervous system, sensory nerves carry messages from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord, which sends them along to the brain. These nerves put us in touch with both the outside world and th ...
Simultaneous Golgi-Cox and immunofluorescence using confocal
... Received: 4 June 2010 / Accepted: 17 March 2011 ! The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... Received: 4 June 2010 / Accepted: 17 March 2011 ! The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... antidromic activation through current spread. If a direct spike was observed, the polarity of the stimulating electrode was switched or the electrode was moved. Intracellular recordings of responses to injected current and evoked postsynaptic potentials were made with glass microelectrodes of 80 –20 ...
... antidromic activation through current spread. If a direct spike was observed, the polarity of the stimulating electrode was switched or the electrode was moved. Intracellular recordings of responses to injected current and evoked postsynaptic potentials were made with glass microelectrodes of 80 –20 ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... with its intended purpose of simulating small networks to be implemented in silicon and envisage the possibility of simulating complex neural elements. GENESIS (Bower & Beeman, 1998), a widely used, general-purpose simulation software, can serve as a basis for a wide class of simulation strategies. ...
... with its intended purpose of simulating small networks to be implemented in silicon and envisage the possibility of simulating complex neural elements. GENESIS (Bower & Beeman, 1998), a widely used, general-purpose simulation software, can serve as a basis for a wide class of simulation strategies. ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
Framework for Modeling the Cognitive Process
... signals tend to be output as knowledge, the most organized of the three signal-states. Relatively speaking, knowledge signals have the lowest frequency, which implies that knowledge is slow to form and slow to change, if it changes at all. Furthermore, while cognition must involve iterative processe ...
... signals tend to be output as knowledge, the most organized of the three signal-states. Relatively speaking, knowledge signals have the lowest frequency, which implies that knowledge is slow to form and slow to change, if it changes at all. Furthermore, while cognition must involve iterative processe ...