• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Building Statives - Semantics Archive
Building Statives - Semantics Archive

... other hand, there are many causative verbs with non-compositional prefixes that have target state passives and can be modified by für-PPs. Take auf-pumpen (‘pump up’), for example. Morphologically, auf-pumpen consists of the verb pumpen (‘pump’), and the non-compositional prefix auf-. If aufpumpen h ...
Lecture 02 PP
Lecture 02 PP

... • Obviously, he had gone • He, obviously, had gone • He had gone, obviously ...
Lección 11: Gramática
Lección 11: Gramática

... Introducción al modo subjuntivo (7) • For verbs ending in -ir, the three singular forms and the third-person plural form undergo the same stem changes in the present subjunctive as in the present indicative. • However, in addition, observe that unstressed e changes to i and unstressed o changes to ...
HOW CAN A VERB AGREE WITH A VERB? REANALYSIS AND
HOW CAN A VERB AGREE WITH A VERB? REANALYSIS AND

... 2006:138-141). However, Anward (1988) and Wiklund (2007) argue that there is verbal feature agreement in Swedish. Norwegian is close to Swedish regarding the relevant data, and this paper is based on Norwegian. There are two main groups of sentences assumed to show verbal feature agreement in Wiklun ...
Contrastive collostructional analysis: Causative
Contrastive collostructional analysis: Causative

... compare the English and Dutch constructions on this basis. While the comparison itself is rather limited due to the relatively low frequency of the Dutch constructions, it reveals some interesting tendencies and, most importantly for our purposes, demonstrates the feasibility of what will here be ca ...
A sentence accentuation algorithm for a Dutch
A sentence accentuation algorithm for a Dutch

... Note that there is no direct or indirect check on the ADV being (+focus]. The reason for this is probabilistic again, as we have found that even particle-like ADVs such as al are usually accompanied by stressed verbs. The rule refers to a following INT (intonational phrase boundary), which is insert ...
Argument Structure and verbal semantic class
Argument Structure and verbal semantic class

... The general frame depicted by 1 corresponds to the ontological class state, with just one entity involved in the event, which focuses in the state. The frame in 2 corresponds to activities (or processes), and usually presents agentive subjects and passive objects, thus allowing passive construction ...
How motion verbs are special
How motion verbs are special

... mation in verb meanings is regarded as part of a universal linguistic system for encoding meaning or world-knowledge. In this kind of meaning we clearly see world knowledge encoded linguistically, in the fact that the grammar represents the events captured in verb meanings as having or not having a ...
A semantic analysis of the verbal prefix o(b)- in Croatian
A semantic analysis of the verbal prefix o(b)- in Croatian

... for some meanings of o(b)-verbs. We first look at the semantic profile of the prefix o(b)-in verbs expressing spatial motion, and then at the profile of verbs with a less obvious spatial profile, or abstract or metaphorical meanings: significantly, in most cases, the same verbs have a concrete and a ...
The Piel Verb - byuhebrew.com
The Piel Verb - byuhebrew.com

... The Piel II and III Guttural Compare the II-guttural with virtual doubling (‫)בער‬, II-guttural with compensatory lengthening (‫)מאן‬, and III-guttural (‫ )ׁשלח‬Piel verb paradigms with the standard Piel paradigm. (handout) II-guttural Piel verbs do not have a dagesh in the second root consonant si ...
ON SEMANTICS OF LATIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ON SEMANTICS OF LATIN INTRANSITIVE VERBS

... Now let us explain the notation we use. Symbol V together with two figures ~8rways denotes a verb group and its surface case and its number respectively. Symbol V21 thus means a verb group with the surface genitive and that it is group number 1. Analogically, for instance, V32 denotes verb group num ...
The Pieces of Morphology
The Pieces of Morphology

... word (really, root) meanings don’t decompose; the semantic properties of words (=roots) are different from the compositional/decompositional semantic features expressed through syntactic combination it’s a semantic property of “cake”s that they’re baked to eat, but the meaning of “cake” does not dec ...
scheme of work gr 7-11
scheme of work gr 7-11

... Talk about different means of transport Say what you are going (and not going) to do Say when you are going to do something Describe a town or region and say what you can do there Talk about what you can and can’t do Ask permission to do something Read and write holiday postcards ...
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates

... as predicates of events, yet semantically as modifiers of pragmatically-introduced individual arguments. In this paper, I show that predicates such as tight in (1) are not resultatives, nor are they ‘adverbial’ in the sense of being predicates of events. Rather, these ‘pseudo-resultative’ adjectives ...
Paradigmatic uniformity and markedness
Paradigmatic uniformity and markedness

... preterite (e.g. slid, replacing slad) and in others a regular weak preterite (e.g. wed, sporadic in Modern English, vs. regular weeded). Finally, sometimes a verb is transferred from a weak class to a strong class. For example, dig, sneak, stick, and string were originally regular weak verbs with pr ...
Roots and Lexicality In Distributed Morphology
Roots and Lexicality In Distributed Morphology

... The notion of morphological root is based on the intuition that complete words may share a minimal 'core', which remains invariant when all identifiable morphological formatives have been abstracted away. Distributed Morphology has incorporated this intuition in a realizational approach where morpho ...
Perfect Readings in Russian - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
Perfect Readings in Russian - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft

... The AP correctly expresses the property of states whose holder is a window that is closed as a TARGET of an event4. At s-structure, the internal argument of the VP has to be raised to a case position, of course. Kratzer’s theory of the English and German adjectival passive assumes that the agent is ...
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft

... The AP correctly expresses the property of states whose holder is a window that is closed as a TARGET of an event4. At s-structure, the internal argument of the VP has to be raised to a case position, of course. Kratzer’s theory of the English and German adjectival passive assumes that the agent is ...
MLG 1001: Grammar Lectures
MLG 1001: Grammar Lectures

... 5.5 German present tense • There is no continuous present in German. Thus er schläft can either mean “he sleeps” or “he is sleeping” depending on context. • The German present tense is often used where English would use the future tense: Wir finden es nie = “We will never find it”. • This tense is ...
French Verbs booklet - Frederick Bremer School
French Verbs booklet - Frederick Bremer School

... J’aime courir le matin - I like to run in the morning J’ai besoin de courir tous les jours - I need to run every day. Je peux courir très vite - I can run fast Je dois courir pour rester en forme - I must run to stay fit. When the verb is conjugated with I, you, he, she etc. there are verbs that fol ...
Why begin when you can commence – Aspects of near
Why begin when you can commence – Aspects of near

... This essay is a corpus study, the aim of which is to investigate the usage of two nearsynonymous verb pairs that descend from Germanic and Romance languages. The four verbs begin, commence, hate, and detest were chosen for the study. The analysis is based on occurrences of the verbs in five subcorpo ...
Imperfect Aspect in English and Indonesian Verbs
Imperfect Aspect in English and Indonesian Verbs

... The adjective imperfect consists of two constituents, namely, the prefix –im meaning not and the adjective perfect standing for completed. So the word imperfect means not completed. This idea shows the fact that any activity expressed in the imperfect aspect refers to the idea of being in progress a ...
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This

... (b) Dative. In several declensions the suffix marking the DAT appears in the other oblique cases as well, forming a secondary stem to which the case suffixes are added. The Svan DAT suffixes are of different origins, though not all scholars are agreed on what these were [Oniani 1989: 164-180]. The D ...
Beginnings in North Sámi* Marit Julien 1 Introduction Verbs that
Beginnings in North Sámi* Marit Julien 1 Introduction Verbs that

... Keywords: Inceptive, North Sámi, nominal complement, auxiliary, main verb ...
Inside and Outside the Middle - The University of British Columbia
Inside and Outside the Middle - The University of British Columbia

... intransitive ones. A problem for the middle analysis is the OCCU1TCDce of -m within the domain of monadic verbs, that is, verbs that are semantically intransitive and also have one NP in their argument structure. We make a more detailed analysis of these cases in section 2. We explore the question o ...
< 1 ... 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ... 58 >

Proto-Indo-European verbs

The verbal system of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) was a complex system, with verbs categorized according to their aspect — stative, imperfective, or perfective. The system utilized multiple grammatical moods and voices, with verbs being conjugated according to person, number and tense. The system of adding affixes to the base form of a verb (its root) allowed modifications so that it could form nouns, verbs, or adjectives. The verbal system is clearly represented in Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit, which closely correspond in nearly all aspects of their verbal systems and are two of the most well-understood of the early daughter languages of Proto-Indo-European. Aside from the addition of affixes, vowels in the word could be modified in a process called ablaut. This is still visible in the Germanic languages (among others)—for example, the vowel in the English verb to sing varies according to the conjugation of the verb: sing, sang, and sung.The system described here is known as the ""Cowgill-Rix"" system and, strictly speaking, applies only to what Don Ringe terms ""Western Indo-European"" (Western IE), i.e. IE excluding Tocharian and especially Anatolian. The system also describes Tocharian fairly well, but encounters significant difficulties when applied to Hittite and the other Anatolian languages. In particular, despite the fact that the Anatolian languages are the earliest-attested IE languages, much of the complexity of the Cowgill-Rix system is absent from them. In addition, contrary to the situation with other languages with relatively simple verbal systems, such as Germanic, there is little or no evidence of the ""missing"" forms having ever existed. Furthermore, many of the forms that do exist have a significantly different meaning from elsewhere. For example, the PIE perfect/stative conjugation shows up simply as a present-tense conjugation known as the ḫi-present, with no clear meaning; on the other hand, the PIE nu-present, which in other languages is a primary verb suffix with no clear meaning, is in Hittite a productive secondary verb suffix that forms causative verbs. (On the other hand, Germanic, among others, has a class of present-tense verbs derived from PIE perfect/stative verbs, and both Germanic and Balto-Slavic have a class of secondary n- verbs with a clear meaning, derived originally from nu- and/or neH- verbs, so it is possible that many of the Anatolian differences are innovations.) It is generally accepted that the Anatolian languages diverged from other IE languages at a point somewhat before the Cowgill-Rix system was fully formed; however, there is no consensus concerning what the inherited system looked like, and which Anatolian differences are innovations vs. archaisms.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report