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Get-passives, Raising, and Control
Get-passives, Raising, and Control

... sections 3 and 4. Haegeman’s analysis is followed in the majority of subsequent literature (see Taranto 2000; McIntyre 2005 for discussion and references), though recently Alexiadou (2005) has proposed a treatment somewhere between the genuine passive analysis and Haegeman’s analysis, wherein get is ...
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Complex verb formation in Leko
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... words consist of a root and a number of clearly recognizable morphemes with a specific meaning. Apart from the addition of inflectional morphemes, which express Person, Number, and Case (in the case of nouns) and Tense (in the case of verbs), complex words may be formed by the addition of derivation ...
Advisory Editors
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... evidence of the partial persistence of more aspectual distinctions than we find a century later, while the pluperfect subjunctive seems to be still a relatively new development, not yet fully acclimatized. By the first century BC, however, Latin had a strong tendency not only to divide actions into ...
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JoL-submission #1016 - Munin
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... Event nouns (5) and object nouns (7) contrast in that only the former can be subjects of the predicate take place, which locates events in space and time (5a vs. 7a). In this property, state nouns (6a) pattern with object nouns. Another contrast between events and objects is that the latter do not a ...
The Akan Phrasal Verb as a Syntactic Manifestation
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... Here the finite verb þryngvi is unbound and yet it carries alliteration. Finnur Jónsson A1 (1912–1915, 128) quotes manuscripts with the conjunction áðr ‘before’ as a variant to the filler word of. This variant would avert the violation of the VA-rule. This is, however, not a matter of a simple repla ...
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On the processing of regular and irregular forms of verbs and nouns

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Foreign Language - Dade Christian School
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... Tomasello is quite clear in his claim that children’s early grammatical knowledge is lexically specific ; whereas Fisher’s (2002 a) position seems to be that children’s early grammatical knowledge is a mixture of abstract and item-based knowledge. Thus, she argues that children must have some kind of ...
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... “’People can't multitask very well, and when people say they can, they're deluding themselves,’ said neuroscientist Earl Miller. And, he said, ‘The brain is very good at deluding itself’“ (Hamilton 2). ...
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... The Devastating Dilemma of the Wasow/Dubinsky&Simango two places theory: From the morphophonological point of view, all affixation looks similar (or at least the differences between different sorts of affixation viewed phonologically don’t generally correlate with the lexical vs. syntactic distinct ...
An outline of Proto-Indo-European
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... Indo-European is a branch of Indo-Uralic which was radically transformed under the influence of a North Caucasian substratum when its speakers moved from the area north of the Caspian Sea to the area north of the Black Sea (cf. Kortlandt 2007b). As a result, Indo-European developed a minimal vowel s ...
Building Statives
Building Statives

... like participles, we find quite a number without event implications, however. Those adjectives are sometimes said to be ‘true’ adjectives, as opposed to participles, the implication being that there is something unpredictable about them. While there are a number of apparent ‘deverbal’ adjectives tha ...
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Proto-Indo-European verbs

The verbal system of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) was a complex system, with verbs categorized according to their aspect — stative, imperfective, or perfective. The system utilized multiple grammatical moods and voices, with verbs being conjugated according to person, number and tense. The system of adding affixes to the base form of a verb (its root) allowed modifications so that it could form nouns, verbs, or adjectives. The verbal system is clearly represented in Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit, which closely correspond in nearly all aspects of their verbal systems and are two of the most well-understood of the early daughter languages of Proto-Indo-European. Aside from the addition of affixes, vowels in the word could be modified in a process called ablaut. This is still visible in the Germanic languages (among others)—for example, the vowel in the English verb to sing varies according to the conjugation of the verb: sing, sang, and sung.The system described here is known as the ""Cowgill-Rix"" system and, strictly speaking, applies only to what Don Ringe terms ""Western Indo-European"" (Western IE), i.e. IE excluding Tocharian and especially Anatolian. The system also describes Tocharian fairly well, but encounters significant difficulties when applied to Hittite and the other Anatolian languages. In particular, despite the fact that the Anatolian languages are the earliest-attested IE languages, much of the complexity of the Cowgill-Rix system is absent from them. In addition, contrary to the situation with other languages with relatively simple verbal systems, such as Germanic, there is little or no evidence of the ""missing"" forms having ever existed. Furthermore, many of the forms that do exist have a significantly different meaning from elsewhere. For example, the PIE perfect/stative conjugation shows up simply as a present-tense conjugation known as the ḫi-present, with no clear meaning; on the other hand, the PIE nu-present, which in other languages is a primary verb suffix with no clear meaning, is in Hittite a productive secondary verb suffix that forms causative verbs. (On the other hand, Germanic, among others, has a class of present-tense verbs derived from PIE perfect/stative verbs, and both Germanic and Balto-Slavic have a class of secondary n- verbs with a clear meaning, derived originally from nu- and/or neH- verbs, so it is possible that many of the Anatolian differences are innovations.) It is generally accepted that the Anatolian languages diverged from other IE languages at a point somewhat before the Cowgill-Rix system was fully formed; however, there is no consensus concerning what the inherited system looked like, and which Anatolian differences are innovations vs. archaisms.
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