complementizer - LingBuzz
... genitival constructions and the grammar of relative clauses (see for relevant discussion Ouhalla 2004; den Dikken 2007). This fact is confirmed on typological grounds, as shown for instance by Gil (2011) in chapter 60 of the World Atlas of Language Structures. Consider the examples below in (5) from ...
... genitival constructions and the grammar of relative clauses (see for relevant discussion Ouhalla 2004; den Dikken 2007). This fact is confirmed on typological grounds, as shown for instance by Gil (2011) in chapter 60 of the World Atlas of Language Structures. Consider the examples below in (5) from ...
Chapter 3 Pronouns
... Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • _______ Pronoun- an intensive pronoun emphasizes a noun or another pronoun in the same sentence. – Intensive pronouns are not necessary to the meaning of a sentence. – Ex. You yourself have seen magic shows on TV. – Ex. I myself like to perform magic tricks. – If ...
... Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • _______ Pronoun- an intensive pronoun emphasizes a noun or another pronoun in the same sentence. – Intensive pronouns are not necessary to the meaning of a sentence. – Ex. You yourself have seen magic shows on TV. – Ex. I myself like to perform magic tricks. – If ...
(Schaum`s Outlines).
... learned verbs the traditional way, and others who have been exposed to the “single-stem system.” Verbs are classified according to their suffixed or nonsuffixed “basic (single) stem,” an approach which has become increasingly common in American textbooks at the first- and second-year levels. In addi ...
... learned verbs the traditional way, and others who have been exposed to the “single-stem system.” Verbs are classified according to their suffixed or nonsuffixed “basic (single) stem,” an approach which has become increasingly common in American textbooks at the first- and second-year levels. In addi ...
MMM5 Proceedings - Geert Booij`s Page
... quotative or contain a foreign phrase (or both!, e.g., Ich bin ein Berliner speech), but certainly not all of them, and as for the presence of foreign phrases or words, these can occur in syntactic collocations as well, as the literature on code switching shows us. B&M also point out that pronouns u ...
... quotative or contain a foreign phrase (or both!, e.g., Ich bin ein Berliner speech), but certainly not all of them, and as for the presence of foreign phrases or words, these can occur in syntactic collocations as well, as the literature on code switching shows us. B&M also point out that pronouns u ...
compounds
... argument of the verb (that is , the person or thing that undergoes the action). For example, an X-restorer, whatever X is, something or someone that restores X. Morphology 1 ...
... argument of the verb (that is , the person or thing that undergoes the action). For example, an X-restorer, whatever X is, something or someone that restores X. Morphology 1 ...
Conditions on Clitic Doubling - University of the Basque Country
... elements to verbal agreement morphemes. The fact that Spanish clitics evolved from Latin demonstrative pronouns might have preconized the commonplace grammatical description of today's Spanish clitics as pronominal elements. In strict synchronic terms, however, a pronominal analysis of Spanish cliti ...
... elements to verbal agreement morphemes. The fact that Spanish clitics evolved from Latin demonstrative pronouns might have preconized the commonplace grammatical description of today's Spanish clitics as pronominal elements. In strict synchronic terms, however, a pronominal analysis of Spanish cliti ...
EssentialPrimaryGrammar - Open Research Exeter
... very obvious, but in our research we have seen how easy it is for teachers to get drawn into ‘ticking off’ grammatical features from the statutory requirement of the national curriculum by introducing and practising them through decontextualised examples, and this is completely understandable given ...
... very obvious, but in our research we have seen how easy it is for teachers to get drawn into ‘ticking off’ grammatical features from the statutory requirement of the national curriculum by introducing and practising them through decontextualised examples, and this is completely understandable given ...
Noun Faithfulness and Word Stress in Tuyuca Jennifer L. Smith
... The following two sections present an analysis of stress assignment, accounting for both the general pattern (section 3.2) and the special case of finalaccent verbs with monosyllabic nominalizers (section 3.3). But first, one more point must be considered: the relationship between accent and stress ...
... The following two sections present an analysis of stress assignment, accounting for both the general pattern (section 3.2) and the special case of finalaccent verbs with monosyllabic nominalizers (section 3.3). But first, one more point must be considered: the relationship between accent and stress ...
List of Descriptive Adjectives
... prominent part of this broader category. In this article, you will find the list, types and usage of descriptive adjectives. The eight parts of speech, viz., Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun, Conjunction, Preposition and Interjection, form the backbone of English grammar and composition. Adjec ...
... prominent part of this broader category. In this article, you will find the list, types and usage of descriptive adjectives. The eight parts of speech, viz., Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun, Conjunction, Preposition and Interjection, form the backbone of English grammar and composition. Adjec ...
the english tongue. - Cunningham Memorial Library
... On this Table, it may be observed that 'poetry' ought to contain more Anglo-Saxon words in proportion than prose, for the subjects of which it treats are not much influenced by modern discovery, nor is the phraseology which describes it. It must also be kept in mind that as our language increases in ...
... On this Table, it may be observed that 'poetry' ought to contain more Anglo-Saxon words in proportion than prose, for the subjects of which it treats are not much influenced by modern discovery, nor is the phraseology which describes it. It must also be kept in mind that as our language increases in ...
Linguistic Modeling for Multilingual Machine Translation
... are to have any impact. As Tsujii puts it: The most crucial of all is that linguistics in LBMT have placed excessive importance on monolingual theories and largely ignored bilingual counterparts. As a result, their theories of MT become mere parasites of monolingual theories, while ideal theories of ...
... are to have any impact. As Tsujii puts it: The most crucial of all is that linguistics in LBMT have placed excessive importance on monolingual theories and largely ignored bilingual counterparts. As a result, their theories of MT become mere parasites of monolingual theories, while ideal theories of ...
Untitled
... show a relationship in form and meaning of a systematic nature, since similar patterns occur for thousands of other verbs of English. The subdiscipline of linguistics that deals with such patterns is called morphology. The existence of such patterns also implies that words may have an internal const ...
... show a relationship in form and meaning of a systematic nature, since similar patterns occur for thousands of other verbs of English. The subdiscipline of linguistics that deals with such patterns is called morphology. The existence of such patterns also implies that words may have an internal const ...
Detransitivisation in Irish Sign Language ESF Intersign Workshop on
... oriented and /or moving towards each other. Each hand denotes, as it were, one side of the reciprocal relationship. Agreement markers which refer to both subject/agent and direct object/patient are indicated on each hand’ (McDonnell ...
... oriented and /or moving towards each other. Each hand denotes, as it were, one side of the reciprocal relationship. Agreement markers which refer to both subject/agent and direct object/patient are indicated on each hand’ (McDonnell ...
When To Use the Subjunctive Mood
... the infinitive, shows that an -ir stem-changing verb is involved, all forms of the present subjunctive will have stem changes: the same ones as in the present indicative (e -> ie, o -> ue), plus special changes in the nosotros and vosotros forms (e -> i, o -> u) [sentir: sienta, ...
... the infinitive, shows that an -ir stem-changing verb is involved, all forms of the present subjunctive will have stem changes: the same ones as in the present indicative (e -> ie, o -> ue), plus special changes in the nosotros and vosotros forms (e -> i, o -> u) [sentir: sienta, ...
A Phase-Based Approach to ECM across CP in Korean
... suggested by many linguists that in languages like Korean and Japanese the subject can stay in the VP-internal position without moving to Spec-TP (J.-M. Yoon 1991, Fukui 1995, among many others; also see Rizzi 1990). In other words, movement of a subject to Spec-TP from the VP-internal position (cf. ...
... suggested by many linguists that in languages like Korean and Japanese the subject can stay in the VP-internal position without moving to Spec-TP (J.-M. Yoon 1991, Fukui 1995, among many others; also see Rizzi 1990). In other words, movement of a subject to Spec-TP from the VP-internal position (cf. ...
The Nominative + Infinitive construction and the Accusative +
... different. It is assumed that DPs are specified for Case when they enter the derivation, and must simply check their case feature during the derivation. This means that the DP must reach a position where its case is checked, whether by Move or Agree. The infinitive subject Merges in SpecVP where it ...
... different. It is assumed that DPs are specified for Case when they enter the derivation, and must simply check their case feature during the derivation. This means that the DP must reach a position where its case is checked, whether by Move or Agree. The infinitive subject Merges in SpecVP where it ...
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates
... In this paper, I show that predicates such as tight in (1) are not resultatives, nor are they ‘adverbial’ in the sense of being predicates of events. Rather, these ‘pseudo-resultative’ adjectives modify a created individual, along the lines of the proposal of Geuder (2000) for resultative adverbs. H ...
... In this paper, I show that predicates such as tight in (1) are not resultatives, nor are they ‘adverbial’ in the sense of being predicates of events. Rather, these ‘pseudo-resultative’ adjectives modify a created individual, along the lines of the proposal of Geuder (2000) for resultative adverbs. H ...
Dissertation - AUT Scholarly Commons
... words from its left), ?L- (pass this word to the left), ?R+ (accept words from its right), ?R(pass this word to the right), and variations of these basic labels. It also has a set of rules for manipulating such words. While these rules are different from the formal rules used in traditional parsing, ...
... words from its left), ?L- (pass this word to the left), ?R+ (accept words from its right), ?R(pass this word to the right), and variations of these basic labels. It also has a set of rules for manipulating such words. While these rules are different from the formal rules used in traditional parsing, ...
Polite Plurals and Adjective Agreement
... form on a predicate adjective. In sum, hybrid common nouns (such as pluralia tantum nouns) systematically contrast with hybrid pronouns (such as polite second person plural pronouns) in mixed agreement languages. It is occasionally suggested that pluralia tantum nouns like scissors, pants and glass ...
... form on a predicate adjective. In sum, hybrid common nouns (such as pluralia tantum nouns) systematically contrast with hybrid pronouns (such as polite second person plural pronouns) in mixed agreement languages. It is occasionally suggested that pluralia tantum nouns like scissors, pants and glass ...
Quenya - the Ancient Tongue
... proved to be of a very different character when he became King in 3177 (or 3175 according to one source - see UT:227). He repented of the ways of the Kings before him and took a title in Quenya according to the ancient custom: Tar-Palantir, the Far-Sighted. Tar-Palantir "would fain have returned to ...
... proved to be of a very different character when he became King in 3177 (or 3175 according to one source - see UT:227). He repented of the ways of the Kings before him and took a title in Quenya according to the ancient custom: Tar-Palantir, the Far-Sighted. Tar-Palantir "would fain have returned to ...
English Grammar
... We learnt about tense and time in the previous class. Now, we realize that time is a continuous flow measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, or years. On the other hand, tense is a grammatical concept specific to a particular language. The tense system in English is not similar to that of any oth ...
... We learnt about tense and time in the previous class. Now, we realize that time is a continuous flow measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, or years. On the other hand, tense is a grammatical concept specific to a particular language. The tense system in English is not similar to that of any oth ...
Grammar - mdudde.net
... This tense indicates that the action is actually happening at the moment of speaking. It describes the action when it is in progress. Moreover, the action is incomplete or continuous, that is, it is still going on. The form of the sentence with present Continuous Tense is: Subject + auxiliary verb + ...
... This tense indicates that the action is actually happening at the moment of speaking. It describes the action when it is in progress. Moreover, the action is incomplete or continuous, that is, it is still going on. The form of the sentence with present Continuous Tense is: Subject + auxiliary verb + ...
volume 15 - wecol 2003
... Copy + Merge (with copies not in the head ofa chain deleted at PF). Within 0, the moved verb can satisfy the necessary Case/theta-role requirements within that domain. Cyclic Spell-Out then applies, rendering K inaccessible to further computation. Subsequent operations (Merge and Move) render the de ...
... Copy + Merge (with copies not in the head ofa chain deleted at PF). Within 0, the moved verb can satisfy the necessary Case/theta-role requirements within that domain. Cyclic Spell-Out then applies, rendering K inaccessible to further computation. Subsequent operations (Merge and Move) render the de ...
Aspectual licensing and object shift - bu people
... Westermann’s view that OV order in Gbå gerunds reduces to the prenominal order of possessors. But this correlation fails in ⁄gbo and Yor∞bÄ which have OV gerunds but lack prenominal possessors (Williamson 1986). This doesn’t prove that the Gbå parallel between OV and Poss-N is accidental, since Gbå ...
... Westermann’s view that OV order in Gbå gerunds reduces to the prenominal order of possessors. But this correlation fails in ⁄gbo and Yor∞bÄ which have OV gerunds but lack prenominal possessors (Williamson 1986). This doesn’t prove that the Gbå parallel between OV and Poss-N is accidental, since Gbå ...
Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension.An inflection expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the Latin verb ducam, meaning ""I will lead"", includes the suffix -am, expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense (future). The use of this suffix is an inflection. In contrast, in the English clause ""I will lead"", the word lead is not inflected for any of person, number, or tense; it is simply the bare form of a verb.The inflected form of a word often contains both a free morpheme (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and a bound morpheme (a unit of meaning which cannot stand alone as a word). For example, the English word cars is a noun that is inflected for number, specifically to express the plural; the content morpheme car is unbound because it could stand alone as a word, while the suffix -s is bound because it cannot stand alone as a word. These two morphemes together form the inflected word cars.Words that are never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form to signify a different grammatical category. Its categories can be determined only from its context.Requiring the inflections of more than one word in a sentence to be compatible according to the rules of the language is known as concord or agreement. For example, in ""the choir sings"", ""choir"" is a singular noun, so ""sing"" is constrained in the present tense to use the third person singular suffix ""s"".Languages that have some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. These can be highly inflected, such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, or weakly inflected, such as English. Languages that are so inflected that a sentence can consist of a single highly inflected word (such as many American Indian languages) are called polysynthetic languages. Languages in which each inflection conveys only a single grammatical category, such as Finnish, are known as agglutinative languages, while languages in which a single inflection can convey multiple grammatical roles (such as both nominative case and plural, as in Latin and German) are called fusional. Languages such as Mandarin Chinese that never use inflections are called analytic or isolating.