Lexical Functional Grammar
... Phenomena that had been explained by the interaction of transformations are accounted for in LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical acco ...
... Phenomena that had been explained by the interaction of transformations are accounted for in LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical acco ...
Grammaticization of reflexive pronoun into a marker of passive
... pragmatically motivated sense of casting an agent referent as less prominent or distinct than the lexical meaning of the verb would suggest) and examine how different morphosyntactic patterns fit within that space. Specifically, I will study the relationship between the be-passive and the „passive r ...
... pragmatically motivated sense of casting an agent referent as less prominent or distinct than the lexical meaning of the verb would suggest) and examine how different morphosyntactic patterns fit within that space. Specifically, I will study the relationship between the be-passive and the „passive r ...
Three Agreement Alternations in Dutch and their Interactions
... (Note that it is not possible to apply (15b) and delete [PAR] while leaving [ADD] unaffected, as this would result in an ill-formed feature geometry.) Thus, (16) can block the application of impoverishment rules.1 The principle in (16) also illuminates an apparent complication with the agreement fo ...
... (Note that it is not possible to apply (15b) and delete [PAR] while leaving [ADD] unaffected, as this would result in an ill-formed feature geometry.) Thus, (16) can block the application of impoverishment rules.1 The principle in (16) also illuminates an apparent complication with the agreement fo ...
Ethnic adjectives are proper adjectives∗ Boban Arsenijevic
... noun they modify, but to lack case. Since every noun needs to bear case, thEAs are assumed to be deficient and to become adjectives in the course of the syntactic derivation. The syntactic derivation with one of their examples from Greek is exemplified by the tree in (3). In (3), german- starts out ...
... noun they modify, but to lack case. Since every noun needs to bear case, thEAs are assumed to be deficient and to become adjectives in the course of the syntactic derivation. The syntactic derivation with one of their examples from Greek is exemplified by the tree in (3). In (3), german- starts out ...
бг ¢ деажбз
... The course consists of two parts: The first part deals with basic knowledge with the aim to teach what is more or less regular in the language. Additional sections on the writing of elvish in tengwar and (not too serious) conversation chapters offer additional information (not needed to go through t ...
... The course consists of two parts: The first part deals with basic knowledge with the aim to teach what is more or less regular in the language. Additional sections on the writing of elvish in tengwar and (not too serious) conversation chapters offer additional information (not needed to go through t ...
A GRAMMAR OF HARO WITH COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE
... mostly elders of the community. According to our survey in the island, 24 households speak the language and the estimated population is about 200. Brenzinger (1995) also estimated the population to be about 150. According to the 1994 National Census of Ethiopia, which is published in 1996, populatio ...
... mostly elders of the community. According to our survey in the island, 24 households speak the language and the estimated population is about 200. Brenzinger (1995) also estimated the population to be about 150. According to the 1994 National Census of Ethiopia, which is published in 1996, populatio ...
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Pattern: The subjunctive mood is used
... The first sentence uses the verb form tiene (present tense indicative form of tener), while the second uses tenga (present tense subjunctive form of tener). This is because the second sentence contradicts reality and expresses doubt by saying yo no creo... (I don't believe...). When to use the subju ...
... The first sentence uses the verb form tiene (present tense indicative form of tener), while the second uses tenga (present tense subjunctive form of tener). This is because the second sentence contradicts reality and expresses doubt by saying yo no creo... (I don't believe...). When to use the subju ...
CHAPTER 4 The Non-finite verbal participles of Bangla
... 4.2.0 Review of literature: In this section, I shall give a brief review of the earlier works done in the field of Bangia non-finite verbal forms, specifically on the three participles highlighted in this study. The first significant work in this area was of Wim Van Der Wurff (1988) in the principle ...
... 4.2.0 Review of literature: In this section, I shall give a brief review of the earlier works done in the field of Bangia non-finite verbal forms, specifically on the three participles highlighted in this study. The first significant work in this area was of Wim Van Der Wurff (1988) in the principle ...
Agreement Morphology, Argument Structure and Syntax
... together their morphology, their semantics and their morphology. The system is in this respect very much like Montague grammar, and there is no derivation needed to get the surface strings right. However, as much as Montague grammar is apt at managing the connections between syntax and semantics, it ...
... together their morphology, their semantics and their morphology. The system is in this respect very much like Montague grammar, and there is no derivation needed to get the surface strings right. However, as much as Montague grammar is apt at managing the connections between syntax and semantics, it ...
primary argument case-marking in baltic and finnic
... languages. The accusative is based on Proto-I.E*-m > Proto-Baltic*-n, retained as -n in Prussian, as nasalization on the stem vowel in Lithuanian, and -u from an older *-uo in Latvian where the loss of -n caused a subsequent lengthening of the vowel which then shortened in word final position: *om > ...
... languages. The accusative is based on Proto-I.E*-m > Proto-Baltic*-n, retained as -n in Prussian, as nasalization on the stem vowel in Lithuanian, and -u from an older *-uo in Latvian where the loss of -n caused a subsequent lengthening of the vowel which then shortened in word final position: *om > ...
The Icelandic Subjunctive
... Phonologically, Icelandic has undergone numerous radical changes. The syntax is still similar to Old Norse syntax, although it has changed more than the morphology. ...
... Phonologically, Icelandic has undergone numerous radical changes. The syntax is still similar to Old Norse syntax, although it has changed more than the morphology. ...
Adjective and Adverbs
... The Swainsona formosa plant Swainsona formosa is one of Australia’s native plants, and is one of the world’s most spectacular flowering plants. The outstanding feature of S. formosa is its brilliant-colored flowers, from white or pink through to dark red standard and keel with or without a distincti ...
... The Swainsona formosa plant Swainsona formosa is one of Australia’s native plants, and is one of the world’s most spectacular flowering plants. The outstanding feature of S. formosa is its brilliant-colored flowers, from white or pink through to dark red standard and keel with or without a distincti ...
Articles - Bakersfield College
... unless there is a special reason to use one of the other past tenses, which can be considered “special” past tenses. Note that we use sometimes use “-ed” (study/studied) to make a verb past tense (for “regular” verbs) but that many verbs have “irregular” past forms (such as do/did, write/wrote, thin ...
... unless there is a special reason to use one of the other past tenses, which can be considered “special” past tenses. Note that we use sometimes use “-ed” (study/studied) to make a verb past tense (for “regular” verbs) but that many verbs have “irregular” past forms (such as do/did, write/wrote, thin ...
Grammar Rules - Brooklyn College
... unless there is a special reason to use one of the other past tenses, which can be considered “special” past tenses. Note that we use sometimes use “-ed” (study/studied) to make a verb past tense (for “regular” verbs) but that many verbs have “irregular” past forms (such as do/did, write/wrote, thin ...
... unless there is a special reason to use one of the other past tenses, which can be considered “special” past tenses. Note that we use sometimes use “-ed” (study/studied) to make a verb past tense (for “regular” verbs) but that many verbs have “irregular” past forms (such as do/did, write/wrote, thin ...
Verbals 3
... Absorbed in an interesting conversation my scheduled appointment time passed unnoticed. ...
... Absorbed in an interesting conversation my scheduled appointment time passed unnoticed. ...
TABLA PARCIAL DE CONTENIDOS – EXÁMENES DE
... Count and non-count nouns / there is and there are Count and non-count nouns: indefinite quantities and amounts—some, any, a lot of, many, and much Direct object placement with phrasal verbs Expressions with prepositions Factual and unreal conditional sentences ...
... Count and non-count nouns / there is and there are Count and non-count nouns: indefinite quantities and amounts—some, any, a lot of, many, and much Direct object placement with phrasal verbs Expressions with prepositions Factual and unreal conditional sentences ...
Noongar Waangkiny - Noongar Language Centre
... The following pairs of letters represent the same sounds, however they are written with different letters depending on whether the sound is in the beginning, middle or end of a word. p and b are the same sound d and t are the same sound tj and dj are the same sound rt and rd are the same sound g and ...
... The following pairs of letters represent the same sounds, however they are written with different letters depending on whether the sound is in the beginning, middle or end of a word. p and b are the same sound d and t are the same sound tj and dj are the same sound rt and rd are the same sound g and ...
Case Typology and Case Theory* 1. Overview of the Issues 2
... realized that the position to which nominative Case is assigned is a specifier. It was because of this conceptual difficulty, and the apparent split of Case assignment into government structures and SPEC-head agreement structures, that the now-current theory was developed in which all Case specifica ...
... realized that the position to which nominative Case is assigned is a specifier. It was because of this conceptual difficulty, and the apparent split of Case assignment into government structures and SPEC-head agreement structures, that the now-current theory was developed in which all Case specifica ...
NP-internal possessive constructions in Hoocąk and other Siouan
... Languages usually have more than one construction to express a possessive relationship. Possessive constructions in an individual language usually express semantically different relations, which are traditionally subsumed under the notion of possession such as part-whole relationships, kinship relat ...
... Languages usually have more than one construction to express a possessive relationship. Possessive constructions in an individual language usually express semantically different relations, which are traditionally subsumed under the notion of possession such as part-whole relationships, kinship relat ...
The East Papuan Languages: A Preliminary Typological Appraisal
... Britain, which are all SVO, in VSO Kuot of New Ireland, and in Reefs-Santa Cruz languages, which are predominantly SVO, with VSO occasionally occurring as well. Postpositions are found in the languages with V-²nal word order, except Motuna on Bougainville, which has case suf²xes to indicate the role ...
... Britain, which are all SVO, in VSO Kuot of New Ireland, and in Reefs-Santa Cruz languages, which are predominantly SVO, with VSO occasionally occurring as well. Postpositions are found in the languages with V-²nal word order, except Motuna on Bougainville, which has case suf²xes to indicate the role ...
Chapter 5 Nawat - DCU School of Computing
... Nawat is an Uto-Aztecan language (Campbell, 1985). It is related to the Nahuatl language spoken in Mexico (which is where the Pipils originally came from, see section 5.3). When the Spanish arrived in Central America, they initially tried to teach the locals Spanish. However, as they failed to do th ...
... Nawat is an Uto-Aztecan language (Campbell, 1985). It is related to the Nahuatl language spoken in Mexico (which is where the Pipils originally came from, see section 5.3). When the Spanish arrived in Central America, they initially tried to teach the locals Spanish. However, as they failed to do th ...
Lesson 5 Verbs--Gerunds, Infinitives, and Participles
... may function as a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Although an infinitive is easy to locate because of the to + verb form, deciding what function it has in a sentence can sometimes be confusing. 5.1.3 Participles 分詞 A participle is a verbal that most of ...
... may function as a subject, direct object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Although an infinitive is easy to locate because of the to + verb form, deciding what function it has in a sentence can sometimes be confusing. 5.1.3 Participles 分詞 A participle is a verbal that most of ...
lesson six
... Nine). This past tense formation is quite common in the early Qenya Lexicon, and it also turns up in relatively late (but still pre-LotR) sources. Fíriel's Song of ca. 1936 agrees with the 1915 Lexicon that the past tense of the verb car"make, do" is cárë (QL:45, LR:72; the spelling used in the sour ...
... Nine). This past tense formation is quite common in the early Qenya Lexicon, and it also turns up in relatively late (but still pre-LotR) sources. Fíriel's Song of ca. 1936 agrees with the 1915 Lexicon that the past tense of the verb car"make, do" is cárë (QL:45, LR:72; the spelling used in the sour ...
- SOAS Research Online
... consist of a head noun, to which may be attached a single minor-syllable prefix to the left, and case- or role-marking morphemes, postpositions, particles and the like to the right. The head verb or noun may itself be a compound with internal structure. Verb complexes, usually last in the sentence, ...
... consist of a head noun, to which may be attached a single minor-syllable prefix to the left, and case- or role-marking morphemes, postpositions, particles and the like to the right. The head verb or noun may itself be a compound with internal structure. Verb complexes, usually last in the sentence, ...
A TYPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
... The purpose of this paper is to provide some typological background for future studies of PIs in Uralic languages. My treatment of the Uralic data is far from definitive. It is mainly based on information found in grammars and other published sources, not on primary fieldwork or corpus analysis by m ...
... The purpose of this paper is to provide some typological background for future studies of PIs in Uralic languages. My treatment of the Uralic data is far from definitive. It is mainly based on information found in grammars and other published sources, not on primary fieldwork or corpus analysis by m ...
Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension.An inflection expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the Latin verb ducam, meaning ""I will lead"", includes the suffix -am, expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense (future). The use of this suffix is an inflection. In contrast, in the English clause ""I will lead"", the word lead is not inflected for any of person, number, or tense; it is simply the bare form of a verb.The inflected form of a word often contains both a free morpheme (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and a bound morpheme (a unit of meaning which cannot stand alone as a word). For example, the English word cars is a noun that is inflected for number, specifically to express the plural; the content morpheme car is unbound because it could stand alone as a word, while the suffix -s is bound because it cannot stand alone as a word. These two morphemes together form the inflected word cars.Words that are never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form to signify a different grammatical category. Its categories can be determined only from its context.Requiring the inflections of more than one word in a sentence to be compatible according to the rules of the language is known as concord or agreement. For example, in ""the choir sings"", ""choir"" is a singular noun, so ""sing"" is constrained in the present tense to use the third person singular suffix ""s"".Languages that have some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. These can be highly inflected, such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, or weakly inflected, such as English. Languages that are so inflected that a sentence can consist of a single highly inflected word (such as many American Indian languages) are called polysynthetic languages. Languages in which each inflection conveys only a single grammatical category, such as Finnish, are known as agglutinative languages, while languages in which a single inflection can convey multiple grammatical roles (such as both nominative case and plural, as in Latin and German) are called fusional. Languages such as Mandarin Chinese that never use inflections are called analytic or isolating.