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Chapter six - UNT Department of English
Chapter six - UNT Department of English

... THEME, while the single NP accompanying the verb dream must be an EXPERIENCER. Technically, meaningful roles like AGENT and EXPERIENCER are known as thematic roles, roles for short. - roles are part of the speakers lexical knowledge. In other words, the speakers lexiconan expanded mental dictio ...
english tenses
english tenses

... English independently, but it can also be used effectively by students of other departments who want to improve their knowledge of English tenses. The material is broken down into carefully arranged steps, followed by questions or other tasks. - or frame- calls for a written answer. ...
IndefInIte and defInIte tenses In HIndI: MorpHo
IndefInIte and defInIte tenses In HIndI: MorpHo

... tenses according to him are marked with different aspects i.e. habitual, perfective and progressive. Another peculiar feature of the Hindi tenses is the absence of morphological representation of some of the forms by all the verbs except the verb honā. The simple present, the simple past and the sim ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
Towards a structural typology of verb classes

... There is of course some semantic background for the distinction of verbs and nouns. Prototypically, verbs (such as sleep, stay, hit, give) denote temporally changing entities (events or states) in which one or more objects are participating, while nouns (such as man, house, bottle, salt) denote temp ...
Restructuring Involving Purpose/ Gerundive Clause in Japanese*
Restructuring Involving Purpose/ Gerundive Clause in Japanese*

... which in turn allows the instrumental adjunct zitensya-de to modify the verb.) In contrast, kowas(u) in (10) is suffixed by -te, which has a [-Tense] feature. Since this feature sanctions an event argument, the gerund kowasi-te is modifiable. So in (10), this gerund, which heads a GC, is modified by ...
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle
The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary–participle

... require valuation by an AUX. Furthermore, since only AUX involves an interpretable T-feature (iT: perf), ParPars are not interpreted as perfect/participles, but only morphologically realized as PARTs. Lastly, regarding the word order differences between Scandinavian and Frisian, I assume that the he ...
Perfect Readings in Russian - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
Perfect Readings in Russian - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft

... We will see that our theory of the participial passive makes a number of welcome predictions, at the same time deriving all the properties that have been observed for the participial passive. The organization of the article is as follows. Section 2 discusses S.’s theory of the relations between aspe ...
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft
english grammar - Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft

... We will see that our theory of the participial passive makes a number of welcome predictions, at the same time deriving all the properties that have been observed for the participial passive. The organization of the article is as follows. Section 2 discusses S.’s theory of the relations between aspe ...
Double Double, Morphology and Trouble: Looking into
Double Double, Morphology and Trouble: Looking into

... values for the VOICE attribute in their f-structure attribute value matrices. This means, from an implementation point of view, there would have to be a semantic identity check to ensure both verbs have the same verb stem. For this implementation reason, we choose to keep this as a process within th ...
Towards a structural typology of verb classes
Towards a structural typology of verb classes

... rather than objects, while verbs such as resemble, exist, be above, and be tall do not denote events. One point to be made here is that some languages (such as English) in addition to verbs and nouns also have prepositions (aboveP) and adjectives (tallA), so that a more detailed classification arise ...
PARADIGMATIC DERIVATION By James P. Blevins University of
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... Morphological types are most often defined in morphotactic terms. This form-based perspective is reflected in the way that Robins (1989) distinguishes roots, stems and words below. ...
A Grammar of Proto-Germanic
A Grammar of Proto-Germanic

... was assumed to be a direct reflex of the material published by Brugmann and others applying the same principles, rather than the reflex of an earlier language. We assume a single Germanic language, with a common core of speakers, on the basis of elements common to all its dialects such as ablaut in ...
An Analysis of the Evidential Use of German Perception Verbs
An Analysis of the Evidential Use of German Perception Verbs

... The sentences in (6) to (10), which are combinations of PBVs and adjectival complements, show that both the direct sensory and the inferential evidential use are available for each of the sense modalities. The a-sentences are instances of the direct-sensory use whereas the b-sentences are instances ...
Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection The Harvard community
Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection The Harvard community

... past-tense forms for meaningless words such as plip or spling, they show high agreement in guessing plipped and splung (Bybee & Moder, 1983; Prasada & Pinker, 1993). Yet it is also clear that sound cannot be the only determinant of irregularity, because words with the same sound can have different p ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... A. Präteritum as well as Perfekt is appropriate whenever the speaker wants to talk about some event, state or process, in short, situation, that occurred or obtained in the past (cf. exx. 3, 4 above). In these contexts, both forms would be translated by the English (simple or progressive) past. This ...
An analysis of the German Perfekti
An analysis of the German Perfekti

... A. Präteritum as well as Perfekt is appropriate whenever the speaker wants to talk about some event, state or process, in short, situation, that occurred or obtained in the past (cf. exx. 3, 4 above). In these contexts, both forms would be translated by the English (simple or progressive) past. This ...
Huang_Pinker_Lexical_Semantics
Huang_Pinker_Lexical_Semantics

... past-tense forms for meaningless words such as plip or spling, they show high agreement in guessing plipped and splung (Bybee & Moder, 1983; Prasada & Pinker, 1993). Yet it is also clear that sound cannot be the only determinant of irregularity, because words with the same sound can have different p ...
The Semantics of Progressive Aspect: A Thorough Study
The Semantics of Progressive Aspect: A Thorough Study

... therefore, in the following example it occurs in the form of ‘simple present’. (2) I think such kind of phenomena in plain economic terms. However, it can occur in progressive aspectual form such as (3) I am thinking such kind of phenomena in plain economic terms. But progressive aspect, in this cas ...
3.1 Verbs
3.1 Verbs

... Use another word in the sentence as a verb to replace the to be verb. [ ] Step 2b: Combine the to be sentence with the preceding or following sentence. [ ] Step 2c: Think of a more meaningful verb to use in the place of the to be verb. [ ] Step 3: Leave the sentence as it is. Type your revision in t ...
Reflexivity and adjustment strategies at the interfaces
Reflexivity and adjustment strategies at the interfaces

... two arguments. Therefore certain clitics, which are SE-anaphors, are inserted in these derivations. This is a last-resort mechanism that makes an adjustment between the valence of the lexical entry of the verb and the requirements of the syntax in order for the derivation to converge at the C-I inte ...
INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES
INFLECTION OF ADJECTIVES

... (sing.), 'you yourselves' (pi.). About 1570 themself became themselves after the analogy of ourselves and yourselves. The reduction of adjective inflection in the Middle English period was too radical. It had hardly disappeared w h e n it became apparent that something valuable had been lost. T h e ...
Mood, voice and auxiliaries C1
Mood, voice and auxiliaries C1

... The future is expressed with the auxiliary 'will'. 'Will' also expresses the tendency of an event to take place on a repeated basis. In that case, repetitive temporal adverbs are used (often, sometimes, always... ) with 'will'. Example: I will often have to take the train. C - Polite Suggestions You ...
UNIDAD 1b NOTE TO THE STUDENT
UNIDAD 1b NOTE TO THE STUDENT

... In addition to the endings described above, some verbs undergo a change to the main vowel found in the stem. The stem of a verb is the part that comes just before the infinitival endings -ar, -er, or -ir. When you learn a new verb, be sure to check a dictionary, grammar book, or verb wheel to see if ...
Kalasha Dictionary —with English and Urdu
Kalasha Dictionary —with English and Urdu

... Kalasha, being Indo-Aryan, is descended from a form of Sanskrit, probably the north-west Prakrit, and therefore the old forms from which current Kalasha words originated can, in many cases, be established with some degree of certainty. Sir Ralph Turner produced an impressive volume, A Comparative Di ...
Verbal inflection and overflow auxiliaries
Verbal inflection and overflow auxiliaries

... DM terms. In other words, was is nothing more than the realization of past features in a position that does not contain a verb.1 Similar views of auxiliary BE have been previously developed by various authors, (Dik, 1983, 1987; Dechaine, 1993, 1995; Schütze, 2003; Cowper, 2010), but not extended be ...
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Germanic strong verb

In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is one which marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g. -ed in English), and are known as weak verbs. A third, much smaller, class comprises the preterite-present verbs, which are continued in the English auxiliary verbs, e.g. can/could, shall/should, may/might, must. The ""strong"" vs. ""weak"" terminology was coined by the German philologist Jacob Grimm, and the terms ""strong verb"" and ""weak verb"" are direct translations of the original German terms ""starkes Verb"" and ""schwaches Verb"".In modern English, strong verbs are verbs such as sing, sang, sung or drive, drove, driven, as opposed to weak verbs such as open, opened, opened or hit, hit, hit. Not all verbs with a change in the stem vowel are strong verbs, however; they may also be irregular weak verbs such as bring, brought, brought or keep, kept, kept. The key distinction is the presence or absence of the final dental (-d- or -t-), although there are strong verbs whose past tense ends in a dental as well (such as bit, got, hid and trod). Strong verbs often have the ending ""-(e)n"" in the past participle, but this also cannot be used as an absolute criterion.In Proto-Germanic, strong and weak verbs were clearly distinguished from each other in their conjugation, and the strong verbs were grouped into seven coherent classes. Originally, the strong verbs were largely regular, and in most cases all of the principal parts of a strong verb of a given class could be reliably predicted from the infinitive. This system was continued largely intact in Old English and the other older historical Germanic languages, e.g. Gothic, Old High German and Old Norse. The coherency of this system is still present in modern German and Dutch and some of the other conservative modern Germanic languages. For example, in German and Dutch, strong verbs are consistently marked with a past participle in -en, while weak verbs in German have a past participle in -t and in Dutch in -t or -d. In English, however, the original regular strong conjugations have largely disintegrated, with the result that in modern English grammar, a distinction between strong and weak verbs is less useful than a distinction between ""regular"" and ""irregular"" verbs.
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