Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning
... and colleagues [54] showed that the response tuning of complex spikes is the mirror image of that of simple spikes [55]. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the simple spike responses of Purkinje cells are shaped by LTD of parallel fiber synapses with the error signal provided by the climb ...
... and colleagues [54] showed that the response tuning of complex spikes is the mirror image of that of simple spikes [55]. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the simple spike responses of Purkinje cells are shaped by LTD of parallel fiber synapses with the error signal provided by the climb ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... In the following, I will argue that gamma-band coherence establishes a communication protocol that is effective, precise and selective, with one section devoted to each of these three aspects. In two further sections, I will discuss the differential roles of gamma and alpha-beta rhythms in feedforwa ...
... In the following, I will argue that gamma-band coherence establishes a communication protocol that is effective, precise and selective, with one section devoted to each of these three aspects. In two further sections, I will discuss the differential roles of gamma and alpha-beta rhythms in feedforwa ...
51_Shreyas_Nanoscale 2015
... target cells, efficient cellular trafficking to the plasma membrane and optimal kinetics/ion specificity.9 While valuable, developing optogenetic approaches employing highly redshifted light has proven to be technically challenging. In this work, we have developed an upconversion nanomaterial-based syst ...
... target cells, efficient cellular trafficking to the plasma membrane and optimal kinetics/ion specificity.9 While valuable, developing optogenetic approaches employing highly redshifted light has proven to be technically challenging. In this work, we have developed an upconversion nanomaterial-based syst ...
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
Dopamine is one of major neurotransmitters in the brain
... what it is. A major shortcoming of both this experiment and the Yue et al. study is that it does not show necessity or sufficiency. It merely demonstrates the presence of a ligand-receptor pair that has been shown to deter axonal growth in different conditions. Specific Aim 3: Establish necessity an ...
... what it is. A major shortcoming of both this experiment and the Yue et al. study is that it does not show necessity or sufficiency. It merely demonstrates the presence of a ligand-receptor pair that has been shown to deter axonal growth in different conditions. Specific Aim 3: Establish necessity an ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophysiological properties. Such differences cause PT and IT neurons to respond to time-varying signals differently (Dembrow et al., ...
... excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophysiological properties. Such differences cause PT and IT neurons to respond to time-varying signals differently (Dembrow et al., ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... threshold for generating an action potential. If it was subthreshold, the intensity of the stimuli was adjusted according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of ...
... threshold for generating an action potential. If it was subthreshold, the intensity of the stimuli was adjusted according to whether any action potential was induced by the second stimulus. Because the EPSP after the second stimulus was superimposed on that after the first stimulus, the presence of ...
CHAP NUM="14" ID="CH - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... Visual Learners: Use full-size ana• Nerves of peripheral nervous system are cranial nerves and spinal nerves; sensory tomical charts and models to illustrate nerves carry information to central nervous system and motor nerves carry comthe different organs of the nervous ...
... Visual Learners: Use full-size ana• Nerves of peripheral nervous system are cranial nerves and spinal nerves; sensory tomical charts and models to illustrate nerves carry information to central nervous system and motor nerves carry comthe different organs of the nervous ...
Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
... SII: a higher level of processing? The notion that SII is higher than SI in hierarchy was proposed on the basis of their anatomical relationships: SI sends projections to SII, while SII projects back to the superficial layers of SI [8,42,43]. Physiological studies have shown that compared to SI neur ...
ALS Pathway
... o Referred Pain: there is a mixture of visceral and cutaneous nociceptive input onto neurons of the dorsal horn (creates “neural confusion”); results in nociceptive signals arising from viscera being perceived as pain from cutaneous regions o Rubbing helps reduce cutaneous pain: nociceptor activity ...
... o Referred Pain: there is a mixture of visceral and cutaneous nociceptive input onto neurons of the dorsal horn (creates “neural confusion”); results in nociceptive signals arising from viscera being perceived as pain from cutaneous regions o Rubbing helps reduce cutaneous pain: nociceptor activity ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... skin. They recorded single-unit extracellular spike activity in area 3b in response to 72 stimulus configurations, presenting bars of eight orientations (from 0° to 157.5° in 22.5° increments) at each of nine positions (the bar was stepped orthogonally to its orientation, from ⫺4 to ⫹4 mm from the R ...
... skin. They recorded single-unit extracellular spike activity in area 3b in response to 72 stimulus configurations, presenting bars of eight orientations (from 0° to 157.5° in 22.5° increments) at each of nine positions (the bar was stepped orthogonally to its orientation, from ⫺4 to ⫹4 mm from the R ...
Motor System & Behavior
... usually silent because they require strong input signals to fire an action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which sele ...
... usually silent because they require strong input signals to fire an action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which sele ...
Temporal fate specification and neural progenitor competence
... The roles of the later candidate temporal-identity factors Pdm and Cas have been characterized in multiple neuroblast lineages, with different results in each lineage tested. In the NB7‑1 lineage (FIG. 1b), Pdm is necessary and sufficient to specify the U4 motor neuron fate, and Pdm and Cas together ...
... The roles of the later candidate temporal-identity factors Pdm and Cas have been characterized in multiple neuroblast lineages, with different results in each lineage tested. In the NB7‑1 lineage (FIG. 1b), Pdm is necessary and sufficient to specify the U4 motor neuron fate, and Pdm and Cas together ...
attention - CMU Graphics
... ● Changes strength of neurons’ response without changing underlying response properties ● Enhances synchronization of neuronal activity ● Spatial attention will increase the gain of all neurons whose receptive field overlaps the current attentional focus, creating an enhanced representation at that ...
... ● Changes strength of neurons’ response without changing underlying response properties ● Enhances synchronization of neuronal activity ● Spatial attention will increase the gain of all neurons whose receptive field overlaps the current attentional focus, creating an enhanced representation at that ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... To control for this, a set of mirror neurons (n = 14) were tested in both light and dark conditions. All neurons fired the same way in both situations, which was also consistent with the more informal testing of other mirror neurons (3). Goal-related response. Following the publication of the above ...
... To control for this, a set of mirror neurons (n = 14) were tested in both light and dark conditions. All neurons fired the same way in both situations, which was also consistent with the more informal testing of other mirror neurons (3). Goal-related response. Following the publication of the above ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... VRG (both inspiratory & expiratory neurons) remain inactive during normal quiet breathing. VRG called by DRG during periods when demands for ventilation are increased Only during active (forceful) expiration, expiratory neuron fire from VRG & stimulate expiratory muscles (the abdominal & inter ...
... VRG (both inspiratory & expiratory neurons) remain inactive during normal quiet breathing. VRG called by DRG during periods when demands for ventilation are increased Only during active (forceful) expiration, expiratory neuron fire from VRG & stimulate expiratory muscles (the abdominal & inter ...
The expression of XIF3 in undifferentiated anterior neuroectoderm
... sensory neurons), cells of the trigeminal ganglion and, weakly, the primary motorneurons (Nordlander, 1989). We have also examined comparable embryos using an antisense neuron-specific type-II ~-tubulin (NST) probe (as a known marker of primary neurons) (Chitnis et al., 1995) and then co-stained wit ...
... sensory neurons), cells of the trigeminal ganglion and, weakly, the primary motorneurons (Nordlander, 1989). We have also examined comparable embryos using an antisense neuron-specific type-II ~-tubulin (NST) probe (as a known marker of primary neurons) (Chitnis et al., 1995) and then co-stained wit ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... in the rate of volume loss between molecular layer, cerebellar granule cell layer, and white matter were observed (data not shown). The occurrence of pathologic changes in the cerebrum of Cstbj/j mice, particularly in young animals, has not yet been systematically analyzed. Our data reveal progressi ...
... in the rate of volume loss between molecular layer, cerebellar granule cell layer, and white matter were observed (data not shown). The occurrence of pathologic changes in the cerebrum of Cstbj/j mice, particularly in young animals, has not yet been systematically analyzed. Our data reveal progressi ...
The Emergence of Rule-Use: A Dynamic Neural Field Model of... Aaron Buss ()
... describing children’s behavior in terms of ‘rules’ raises some critical questions about the nature of the cognitive processes at work. It is unclear, for instance, how a hierarchical rule structure could be implemented in real-time in a nervous system. Similarly, ties to known changes in neural deve ...
... describing children’s behavior in terms of ‘rules’ raises some critical questions about the nature of the cognitive processes at work. It is unclear, for instance, how a hierarchical rule structure could be implemented in real-time in a nervous system. Similarly, ties to known changes in neural deve ...