General Organization of Somatosensory System
... the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception termed "proprioreceptors," just as there are specific receptors for pressure, light, temperature, so ...
... the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors located in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments (stance). There are specific nerve receptors for this form of perception termed "proprioreceptors," just as there are specific receptors for pressure, light, temperature, so ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Intercellular signaling, signals from glia, extracellular matrix, neighbouring neurons – all participate in synaptogenesis Synapses mature over the course of development – experience dependent plasticity, critical periods, etc.... ...
... Intercellular signaling, signals from glia, extracellular matrix, neighbouring neurons – all participate in synaptogenesis Synapses mature over the course of development – experience dependent plasticity, critical periods, etc.... ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... wheels are difficult to create. Thus, the optimal design often may not be possible. As suggested above, another consideration is that design features may be linked. The attractive pattern of coat pigmentation of the Siamese cat is the consequence of a gene that also results in an abnormal visual sys ...
... wheels are difficult to create. Thus, the optimal design often may not be possible. As suggested above, another consideration is that design features may be linked. The attractive pattern of coat pigmentation of the Siamese cat is the consequence of a gene that also results in an abnormal visual sys ...
Unilateral Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduce
... the STN are from the motor and pre-motor areas [9], which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal ...
... the STN are from the motor and pre-motor areas [9], which influence the activity of the STN-GP network directly via excitatory projections. However, anatomical and electrophysiological findings have shown that the STN also receives direct excitatory afferents from the medial division of the prefrontal ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders
... in skeletal-muscle biopsies [37,38] and in cybrids made from thrombocytes of ALS patients fused to rho-zero cells [39]. In addition to certain rare mtDNA mutations being suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease [40], an important mechanism explaining at least the mitochondrial dys ...
... in skeletal-muscle biopsies [37,38] and in cybrids made from thrombocytes of ALS patients fused to rho-zero cells [39]. In addition to certain rare mtDNA mutations being suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease [40], an important mechanism explaining at least the mitochondrial dys ...
Molecular anatomical investigation of the 2
... at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses (for review see Castillo et al., 2012). Shortterm and long-term depression requires different second messenger pathways. Transient receptor activation triggers Gprotein βγ subunit-mediated inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels into the axon terminals ...
... at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses (for review see Castillo et al., 2012). Shortterm and long-term depression requires different second messenger pathways. Transient receptor activation triggers Gprotein βγ subunit-mediated inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels into the axon terminals ...
Sensory Regeneration in Arthropods: Implications of Homoeosis
... parts. Lost parts generally include nerves sequence of post-embryonic molts which and because regenerated parts generally successively add increasing numbers of get to function appropriately, they must sensory cells, each growing to the CNS and have regenerated appropriate neural con- making new syn ...
... parts. Lost parts generally include nerves sequence of post-embryonic molts which and because regenerated parts generally successively add increasing numbers of get to function appropriately, they must sensory cells, each growing to the CNS and have regenerated appropriate neural con- making new syn ...
From Thought to Action
... (Chapter 4), we clarify this concept, demonstrating that the spiking dependence on the timing of post-target-onset and the history of spiking contribute to target position representation beyond average spiking rates alone. Furthermore, this study represents the first statistical modeling study of PM ...
... (Chapter 4), we clarify this concept, demonstrating that the spiking dependence on the timing of post-target-onset and the history of spiking contribute to target position representation beyond average spiking rates alone. Furthermore, this study represents the first statistical modeling study of PM ...
How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns
... strength of two normalization components, one tuned for direction and one untuned. In of V1 neuron the MT stage, the outputs of the model V1 cells are linearly combined according to the MT linear weighting function. Linear weights can take on positive or negative values, corresponding to excitatory ...
... strength of two normalization components, one tuned for direction and one untuned. In of V1 neuron the MT stage, the outputs of the model V1 cells are linearly combined according to the MT linear weighting function. Linear weights can take on positive or negative values, corresponding to excitatory ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... neurons on one electrode, while at the same time weakly exciting neurons on the other electrode (Fig. 4). Recording sites for the two electrodes were the edge of E7 whisker barrel and between C5, D6, and D7 barrels. One electrode had a receptive field of “F-row” whiskers that have no barrels associa ...
... neurons on one electrode, while at the same time weakly exciting neurons on the other electrode (Fig. 4). Recording sites for the two electrodes were the edge of E7 whisker barrel and between C5, D6, and D7 barrels. One electrode had a receptive field of “F-row” whiskers that have no barrels associa ...
Efficient generation of hPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have major potential as an unlimited source of functional cells for many biomedical applications; however, the development of cell manufacturing systems to enable this promise faces many challenges. For example, there have been major recent advances in the generation of ...
... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have major potential as an unlimited source of functional cells for many biomedical applications; however, the development of cell manufacturing systems to enable this promise faces many challenges. For example, there have been major recent advances in the generation of ...
Learning, Reward and Decision-Making
... toward a specific outcome. Whereas stimulus-driven control can be thought of as retrospective in that it depends on integrating past experience, goal-directed control may be thought of as prospective in that it leverages a cognitive map of the decision problem to flexibly revalue states and actions ...
... toward a specific outcome. Whereas stimulus-driven control can be thought of as retrospective in that it depends on integrating past experience, goal-directed control may be thought of as prospective in that it leverages a cognitive map of the decision problem to flexibly revalue states and actions ...
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system Review
... (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolutionary origin of CNS as commonly discussed (Ho ...
... (Rhopalia) of cnidarians, an increasing number of examples indicating the evolutionary convergence in both nervous and sensory systems (Nishikawa 2002) make it difficult to simply compare cnidarian and bilaterian neural structures and to place the evolutionary origin of CNS as commonly discussed (Ho ...
Slide - Reza Shadmehr
... Types of Muscle Fibers In adult humans, we find that a muscle may be made up of 3 distinct kinds of muscle fibers, where each fiber has a particular isoform of the myosin molecule. ...
... Types of Muscle Fibers In adult humans, we find that a muscle may be made up of 3 distinct kinds of muscle fibers, where each fiber has a particular isoform of the myosin molecule. ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... How goal-directed sensorimotor learning induces changes in neuronal networks to alter the flow of information between cortical areas is not well understood. Here, using genetically-encoded calcium indicators in combination with retrograde tracers and two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have beg ...
... How goal-directed sensorimotor learning induces changes in neuronal networks to alter the flow of information between cortical areas is not well understood. Here, using genetically-encoded calcium indicators in combination with retrograde tracers and two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we have beg ...
Studying the topological organization of the cerebral blood flow
... correlation matrix (N× N, where N is the number of brain regions, here N = 90) of such connections was obtained for all pairs of anatomical structures. The element cij is the value of the Pearson correlation between regions i and j (see Fig. 2). Self-connections were excluded, implying a diagonal bl ...
... correlation matrix (N× N, where N is the number of brain regions, here N = 90) of such connections was obtained for all pairs of anatomical structures. The element cij is the value of the Pearson correlation between regions i and j (see Fig. 2). Self-connections were excluded, implying a diagonal bl ...
Gobbi 2005 - Iowa Medical Marijuana
... annabis elicits in humans a complex subjective experience, a combination of mood elevation, heightened sensitivity to external stimuli, and relaxation (1), which results from the interaction of its main psychoactive constituent, ⌬9-tetrahydrocannabinol (⌬9-THC), with CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the ...
... annabis elicits in humans a complex subjective experience, a combination of mood elevation, heightened sensitivity to external stimuli, and relaxation (1), which results from the interaction of its main psychoactive constituent, ⌬9-tetrahydrocannabinol (⌬9-THC), with CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the ...
Sten Grillner
... the intact animal. We thus concluded that the spinal cord networks with sensory input indeed could generate the detailed locomotor programs, rather than just simple alternating movements. Although reports from Charles Sherrington and others had indicated that alternating muscle activity could be pro ...
... the intact animal. We thus concluded that the spinal cord networks with sensory input indeed could generate the detailed locomotor programs, rather than just simple alternating movements. Although reports from Charles Sherrington and others had indicated that alternating muscle activity could be pro ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... used for taste stimulus and water presentation to the anterior tongue. For 10 s before and for longer after stimulus offset, a separate outflow nozzle delivered deionized-distilled water to the same locus on the tongue. During the rinse period, the stimulus delivery line and nozzle were flushed with ...
... used for taste stimulus and water presentation to the anterior tongue. For 10 s before and for longer after stimulus offset, a separate outflow nozzle delivered deionized-distilled water to the same locus on the tongue. During the rinse period, the stimulus delivery line and nozzle were flushed with ...
The Nervous System
... messages destined for muscles, glands, and internal organs. The CNS is usually conceptualized as having two components: the brain, which we will consider in detail later, and the spinal cord. The spinal cord is actually an extension of the brain. It runs from the base of the brain down the center of ...
... messages destined for muscles, glands, and internal organs. The CNS is usually conceptualized as having two components: the brain, which we will consider in detail later, and the spinal cord. The spinal cord is actually an extension of the brain. It runs from the base of the brain down the center of ...
The Nervous System
... 3. controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands a. indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands 4. contains center for controlling appetite, wakefulness, pleasure, etc ii. structure and function of the thalamus 1. dumbbell-shaped mass of gray mat ...
... 3. controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands a. indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands 4. contains center for controlling appetite, wakefulness, pleasure, etc ii. structure and function of the thalamus 1. dumbbell-shaped mass of gray mat ...
Reconstruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in the adult
... Structure and placement of intranigral grafts At killing (6 and 16 weeks after transplantation) the grafts appeared as well-demarcated round or oval cell clusters located within, or immediately adjacent to, the SN, identifiable by their content of GFP+ neurons (Figs 1a, 2g and 3a). In the animals not ...
... Structure and placement of intranigral grafts At killing (6 and 16 weeks after transplantation) the grafts appeared as well-demarcated round or oval cell clusters located within, or immediately adjacent to, the SN, identifiable by their content of GFP+ neurons (Figs 1a, 2g and 3a). In the animals not ...
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
... The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord. A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form a tract or fasciculus ...
... The white matter of the spinal cord is arranged in columns/funiculi; anterior, posterior and lateral. The nerve fibers are arranged as bundles, running vertically through the cord. A group of nerve fibers (axons) that share a common origin, termination and function form a tract or fasciculus ...