the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... amplitudes and the duration of inspiration and expiration elicited by microstimulation were readily observed on slow sweep speed traces. The data also were displayed at faster sweep speeds with the oscilloscope triggered by the recorded stimulus pulses. Whenever a short latency response to stimulati ...
... amplitudes and the duration of inspiration and expiration elicited by microstimulation were readily observed on slow sweep speed traces. The data also were displayed at faster sweep speeds with the oscilloscope triggered by the recorded stimulus pulses. Whenever a short latency response to stimulati ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 In spite of these findings, there are no other neuropeptides or transmitters that are colocalized with GALP in the ARC, suggesting that it is a unique peptide. GALP-positive fibers in the rat ARC project to several hypothalamic ...
... cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 In spite of these findings, there are no other neuropeptides or transmitters that are colocalized with GALP in the ARC, suggesting that it is a unique peptide. GALP-positive fibers in the rat ARC project to several hypothalamic ...
Contrast-dependence of surround suppression in
... from the V1 cell (e.g. see left panels in Fig. 2); (iii) the “near” surround (light gray annulus) is the region between the sRFhigh and sRFlow; (iv) the far surround (dark gray annulus) is the region outside the sRFlow. Feedforward connections (green) to V1 from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) ...
... from the V1 cell (e.g. see left panels in Fig. 2); (iii) the “near” surround (light gray annulus) is the region between the sRFhigh and sRFlow; (iv) the far surround (dark gray annulus) is the region outside the sRFlow. Feedforward connections (green) to V1 from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions m ...
... our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions m ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... multiple sleep-wake subgroups in rat basal forebrain (Hassani et al., 2009). ...
... multiple sleep-wake subgroups in rat basal forebrain (Hassani et al., 2009). ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... multiple sleep-wake subgroups in rat basal forebrain (Hassani et al., 2009). ...
... multiple sleep-wake subgroups in rat basal forebrain (Hassani et al., 2009). ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:8090 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9090 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications ...
... NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:8090 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9090 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... visual field, appropriately enough, do not cross over, but terminate in frontal tectum on the same side. This arrangement suggests that the tectum should be able to process images binocularly to help determine the distance of objects like prey, which fish have been shown to do. Neurons that can be d ...
... visual field, appropriately enough, do not cross over, but terminate in frontal tectum on the same side. This arrangement suggests that the tectum should be able to process images binocularly to help determine the distance of objects like prey, which fish have been shown to do. Neurons that can be d ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... responseible for all these negative deflections. What could that process be? To find clues about this process I will discuss which experimental manipulations modulate these negative deflections in the next chapter. Beside experimental manipulitions it is also useful to look into the fMRI literature ...
... responseible for all these negative deflections. What could that process be? To find clues about this process I will discuss which experimental manipulations modulate these negative deflections in the next chapter. Beside experimental manipulitions it is also useful to look into the fMRI literature ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub acti ...
... neurons within brain structures drive drug-seeking behaviors (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub acti ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of ...
... Within each region, neurons are connected to each other to form neural circuits of bewildering complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.247 on June 12, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.247 on June 12, 2017 ...
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... nucleus (Lingenhöhl and Friauf 1994); this nucleus is important for acoustic startle reflexes, and the DCN has been shown to contribute a component of startle (Meloni and Davis 1998). These data do not provide much insight into the auditory role of the DCN, however, because the nature of auditory pr ...
... nucleus (Lingenhöhl and Friauf 1994); this nucleus is important for acoustic startle reflexes, and the DCN has been shown to contribute a component of startle (Meloni and Davis 1998). These data do not provide much insight into the auditory role of the DCN, however, because the nature of auditory pr ...
Genetic and Functional Modularity of Hox Activities in the
... expression of Hox6 paralogs (Hoxa6, Hoxb6, and Hoxc6) at brachial levels near the time of LMC differentiation at embryonic day (e) 11.5. Hoxa6 and Hoxc6 are expressed throughout the brachial LMC, while Hoxb6 is expressed by MN progenitors (Figure 1A, 1B, 1G, 1I). Hox6 genes also displayed temporally ...
... expression of Hox6 paralogs (Hoxa6, Hoxb6, and Hoxc6) at brachial levels near the time of LMC differentiation at embryonic day (e) 11.5. Hoxa6 and Hoxc6 are expressed throughout the brachial LMC, while Hoxb6 is expressed by MN progenitors (Figure 1A, 1B, 1G, 1I). Hox6 genes also displayed temporally ...
JAMA SIDS
... 16 to 31 for SIDS cases and 6 to 10 for controls. An exploratory analysis of the correlation between markers and 6 recognized risk factors for SIDS was performed. Main Outcome Measures 5-HT neuron count and density, 5-HT1A receptor binding density, and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) binding density in the ...
... 16 to 31 for SIDS cases and 6 to 10 for controls. An exploratory analysis of the correlation between markers and 6 recognized risk factors for SIDS was performed. Main Outcome Measures 5-HT neuron count and density, 5-HT1A receptor binding density, and 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) binding density in the ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... neurons concerned with affective percepts were found in the sensory cortex. Single-unit data show that neurons concerned with pleasure of food do exist in the gustatory cortex of monkeys (Rolls et al. 1989, 1999) and rats (Yamamoto 1989) and electrophysiological, stimulation, lesion and functional i ...
... neurons concerned with affective percepts were found in the sensory cortex. Single-unit data show that neurons concerned with pleasure of food do exist in the gustatory cortex of monkeys (Rolls et al. 1989, 1999) and rats (Yamamoto 1989) and electrophysiological, stimulation, lesion and functional i ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... present in the anal bath; the effect of dimaprit and amthamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and thioperamide (1 mM) and the effect of R-a-methylhistamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and cimetidine (10 mM). The concentration of antagonists used were selected ...
... present in the anal bath; the effect of dimaprit and amthamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and thioperamide (1 mM) and the effect of R-a-methylhistamine was observed in the presence of mepyramine (1 mM) and cimetidine (10 mM). The concentration of antagonists used were selected ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... interactions (thus straddling the boundary between classical neurotransmission and neuromodulation). They can also operate from afar, via axonal connections or volume transmission. These ...
... interactions (thus straddling the boundary between classical neurotransmission and neuromodulation). They can also operate from afar, via axonal connections or volume transmission. These ...
Organelle motility and metabolism in axons vs dendrites of cultured
... using the method of Goslin and Banker (1991). Neurons were main tained in glial conditioned neuronal maintenance medium supple mented with 10 mM Hepes, pH 7.3, for all fluorescent labeling and microscopy. Axons and dendrites were distinguished based on wellestablished morphologic characteristics an ...
... using the method of Goslin and Banker (1991). Neurons were main tained in glial conditioned neuronal maintenance medium supple mented with 10 mM Hepes, pH 7.3, for all fluorescent labeling and microscopy. Axons and dendrites were distinguished based on wellestablished morphologic characteristics an ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether the yin and yang actions of neurotrophins are equally prevalent. Neurotrophins are known to have d ...
... studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether the yin and yang actions of neurotrophins are equally prevalent. Neurotrophins are known to have d ...
Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates
... discharge of the decapeptide originates during early fetal development (Jaffe, 1989) at the time when these neurons, which are born in the olfactory bulb, are completing their migration to the mediobasal hypothalamus, where they reside in the brain of the adult primate (Ronnekleiv and Resko, 1990). ...
... discharge of the decapeptide originates during early fetal development (Jaffe, 1989) at the time when these neurons, which are born in the olfactory bulb, are completing their migration to the mediobasal hypothalamus, where they reside in the brain of the adult primate (Ronnekleiv and Resko, 1990). ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
Hox Genes: Choreographers in Neural Development, Architects of
... Hox genes function in multiple neuronal classes to shape synaptic specificity during development, suggesting a broader role in circuit assembly. This Review highlights the functions and mechanisms of Hox gene networks and their multifaceted roles during neuronal specification and connectivity. Intro ...
... Hox genes function in multiple neuronal classes to shape synaptic specificity during development, suggesting a broader role in circuit assembly. This Review highlights the functions and mechanisms of Hox gene networks and their multifaceted roles during neuronal specification and connectivity. Intro ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...