CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULE 12.1
... 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commissural fibers ...
... 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commissural fibers ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
... from various areas belonging to the ‘dorsal visual stream’ (among them areas MST and MT) that are involved in the analysis of optic flow and motion (Maunsell and Van Essen, 1983; Ungerleider and Desimone, 1986; Boussaoud et al., 1990). In addition, VIP receives somatosensory information from areas P ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
LGN
... LGN interneurons make only local connections. There are more interneurons than relay neurons! LGN neurons get feedback connections from cortex. (The one-way connection from retina to rest of brain is unique in the visual system). LGN gets other inputs as well. For example: from brainstem and perigen ...
... LGN interneurons make only local connections. There are more interneurons than relay neurons! LGN neurons get feedback connections from cortex. (The one-way connection from retina to rest of brain is unique in the visual system). LGN gets other inputs as well. For example: from brainstem and perigen ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... 0959-4388/# 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
... 0959-4388/# 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Regulation or respiration2
... ventral group causes inspiration, whereas stimulation of others causes expiration. Therefore, these neurons contribute to both inspiration • and expiration. They are especially important in providing the powerful • expiratory signals to the abdominal muscles during very heavy expiration. Thus, this ...
... ventral group causes inspiration, whereas stimulation of others causes expiration. Therefore, these neurons contribute to both inspiration • and expiration. They are especially important in providing the powerful • expiratory signals to the abdominal muscles during very heavy expiration. Thus, this ...
The Nervous System
... • Canadian born Michael J. Fox was Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at the age of 30. • In 1998 he began his public crusade for this disease. • In 2008, he receive an honourary degree from the University of British Columbia: an honour that he said made him feel deeply humbled and honoured. • Fox w ...
... • Canadian born Michael J. Fox was Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at the age of 30. • In 1998 he began his public crusade for this disease. • In 2008, he receive an honourary degree from the University of British Columbia: an honour that he said made him feel deeply humbled and honoured. • Fox w ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
... yielding tip resistances of 5– 8 MV. Series resistance (15–30 MV) was monitored throughout the recording, and neurons exhibiting .25% change were rejected. Voltage errors attributable to series resistance and the liquid junction potential were subtracted off-line. In some instances in which the reve ...
The Mirror System, Imitation, and the Evolution of Language
... various affordances seen in the object. As the figure shows, some cells in AIP are driven by feedback from F5 rather than by visual inputs so that AIP can monitor ongoing activity as well as visual affordances. Here we indicate the case in which the visual input has activated an affordance for a pre ...
... various affordances seen in the object. As the figure shows, some cells in AIP are driven by feedback from F5 rather than by visual inputs so that AIP can monitor ongoing activity as well as visual affordances. Here we indicate the case in which the visual input has activated an affordance for a pre ...
Ch 16 - Motivation - Head
... Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed, Bear, Connors, and Paradiso Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... until they re-established criterion performance. After this time, rats underwent tests with familiar odors to determine whether cholinergic deafferentation of the entorhinal cortex increased sensitivity to increased mnemonic demands produced by prolonged delays between the sample stimuli and choice ...
... until they re-established criterion performance. After this time, rats underwent tests with familiar odors to determine whether cholinergic deafferentation of the entorhinal cortex increased sensitivity to increased mnemonic demands produced by prolonged delays between the sample stimuli and choice ...
Evidence for Apoptotic Cell Death in Huntington Disease and
... I : 1,000 SMI-32, SMI-99). On the following day, sections were washed in Tris-buffered saline and incubated for 1 hr in the appropriate secondary antibody (swine anti-rabbit for GFAP, goat anti-mouse for SMI32 and SMI-99), washed again, and incubated for 1 hr with mouse (I : 100) or rabbit (I :200) ...
... I : 1,000 SMI-32, SMI-99). On the following day, sections were washed in Tris-buffered saline and incubated for 1 hr in the appropriate secondary antibody (swine anti-rabbit for GFAP, goat anti-mouse for SMI32 and SMI-99), washed again, and incubated for 1 hr with mouse (I : 100) or rabbit (I :200) ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
Brain Organization and Handedness
... In dinosaurs, the brain represents 1/100,000th of the body’s weight; in whales, 1/10,000th; in elephants, 1/600th; in humans, 1/45th. It looks as though a principle is emerging. But read on. In mice, the brain is 1/40th of the body’s weight, and in marmosets, 1/25th. So there are exceptions to the r ...
... In dinosaurs, the brain represents 1/100,000th of the body’s weight; in whales, 1/10,000th; in elephants, 1/600th; in humans, 1/45th. It looks as though a principle is emerging. But read on. In mice, the brain is 1/40th of the body’s weight, and in marmosets, 1/25th. So there are exceptions to the r ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
... How are odour qualities represented in the mushroom bodies? This is an open question. For our discussion of olfactory memory, I will simplify the problem (BOX 2). Let us assume that the glomeruli in the antennal lobe are all-or-none detectors of POQs, and that each odour is defined for an animal by ...
Hippocampus – Why is it studied so frequently?
... According to the Terminologia Anatomica (1998), hippocampus is the name for practically the entire protrusion on ...
... According to the Terminologia Anatomica (1998), hippocampus is the name for practically the entire protrusion on ...
01_MEEG_Origin - University College London
... EEG history 1875: Richard Caton (1842-1926) measured currents inbetween the cortical surface and the skull, in dogs and monkeys 1929: Hans Berger (1873-1941) first EEG in humans (his young son), description of alpha and beta waves ...
... EEG history 1875: Richard Caton (1842-1926) measured currents inbetween the cortical surface and the skull, in dogs and monkeys 1929: Hans Berger (1873-1941) first EEG in humans (his young son), description of alpha and beta waves ...
Words in the Brain - Rice University -
... • Knowledge of how words are represented in the brain provides – the key to understanding linguistic structure – sheds light on how the brain works in general • Surprisingly, neuroscientists can’t tell us how the brain processes information – To ask them is like asking an electronic engineer how a c ...
... • Knowledge of how words are represented in the brain provides – the key to understanding linguistic structure – sheds light on how the brain works in general • Surprisingly, neuroscientists can’t tell us how the brain processes information – To ask them is like asking an electronic engineer how a c ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... conductance, monitored with 10-mV voltage pulses, was also significantly increased from 5.32 ⫾ 0.46 nS under control to 7.21 ⫾ 0.75 nS (n ⫽ 19, P ⬍ 0.01) during histamine application, suggesting an opening of ion channels. Voltage ramp experiments revealed that histamine increased the whole cell cur ...
... conductance, monitored with 10-mV voltage pulses, was also significantly increased from 5.32 ⫾ 0.46 nS under control to 7.21 ⫾ 0.75 nS (n ⫽ 19, P ⬍ 0.01) during histamine application, suggesting an opening of ion channels. Voltage ramp experiments revealed that histamine increased the whole cell cur ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...