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... object with numerous structures and pathways that are difficult to imagine in two-dimensional pictures, it is important to utilize conventions for describing the relations of regions. In general, the terms we use were derived from those used by anatomists to describe similar relations in the body as ...
... object with numerous structures and pathways that are difficult to imagine in two-dimensional pictures, it is important to utilize conventions for describing the relations of regions. In general, the terms we use were derived from those used by anatomists to describe similar relations in the body as ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, sophisticated and highly efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication among this astronomical number of elements. Such communication is made possible by synapses, the functional contacts between neurons. Two different types of synapses—elect ...
... ability to influence many other cells. Clearly, sophisticated and highly efficient mechanisms are needed to enable communication among this astronomical number of elements. Such communication is made possible by synapses, the functional contacts between neurons. Two different types of synapses—elect ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... Crick and Koch, 1998; Logothetis, 1998; Myerson et al., 1981). The new stimulus is clearly and consistently observed, suppressing the stimulus previously shown monocularly (Figure 12-2). It is important to emphasize that the same visual input can give rise to very different percepts as can be seen b ...
... Crick and Koch, 1998; Logothetis, 1998; Myerson et al., 1981). The new stimulus is clearly and consistently observed, suppressing the stimulus previously shown monocularly (Figure 12-2). It is important to emphasize that the same visual input can give rise to very different percepts as can be seen b ...
Preview Sample 1
... C. There is a negative charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. D. There is a positive charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: comprehension Difficulty Level: moderate Feedback: page 45 Learning goals: neurons 29. Resting pot ...
... C. There is a negative charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. D. There is a positive charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: comprehension Difficulty Level: moderate Feedback: page 45 Learning goals: neurons 29. Resting pot ...
Interactions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and
... birds collected at all times of year provides evidence for this possibility, as the antibody we employed does not distinguish between GnIH, GnIH-RP-1, and GnIH-RP-2, which are all encoded by a single gene producing a large precursor polypeptide (Osugi et al., 2004). The distribution of GnIH in multi ...
... birds collected at all times of year provides evidence for this possibility, as the antibody we employed does not distinguish between GnIH, GnIH-RP-1, and GnIH-RP-2, which are all encoded by a single gene producing a large precursor polypeptide (Osugi et al., 2004). The distribution of GnIH in multi ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... saccade volitionally to a visual or remembered target. Presaccadic activity has been shown to occur in caudate neurons and is believed to suppress the tonic spike discharge of SNr neurons, leading to a disinhibition of output neurons in the superior colliculus (Hikosaka et al. 1989a). In addition, c ...
... saccade volitionally to a visual or remembered target. Presaccadic activity has been shown to occur in caudate neurons and is believed to suppress the tonic spike discharge of SNr neurons, leading to a disinhibition of output neurons in the superior colliculus (Hikosaka et al. 1989a). In addition, c ...
Morphology of GABAergic Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus of the Cat
... Department of Anatomy, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3405 (D.L.O., G.E.B.); Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Neurobiology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2097 (J.A.W.); Department of Neuroanatomy, House Ear Insti ...
... Department of Anatomy, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3405 (D.L.O., G.E.B.); Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Neurobiology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2097 (J.A.W.); Department of Neuroanatomy, House Ear Insti ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... neuroeconomics, a branch in neuroscience that is still in its infancy. Although choosing among different types of goods and products might be very challenging, our brains are able to compute our choice with a fascinating velocity. A large number of experiments have investigated the neural correlates ...
... neuroeconomics, a branch in neuroscience that is still in its infancy. Although choosing among different types of goods and products might be very challenging, our brains are able to compute our choice with a fascinating velocity. A large number of experiments have investigated the neural correlates ...
Studies of the Role of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation
... burst neurons in head-restrained monkeys, and (2) reversible inactivation techniques confirmed the traditional view of the importance of PPRF in the control of horizontal eye movements. Reversible inactivation of neurons in the vicinity of identified short-lead burst neurons produced dramatic reduct ...
... burst neurons in head-restrained monkeys, and (2) reversible inactivation techniques confirmed the traditional view of the importance of PPRF in the control of horizontal eye movements. Reversible inactivation of neurons in the vicinity of identified short-lead burst neurons produced dramatic reduct ...
Network structure underlying resolution of conflicting non
... resolutions, and the response time for the resolutions. Neuroimaging analysis of the fMRI experiment II To avoid a circular analysis and maintain the independence of this analysis from the aforementioned analysis, we employed independent seven subjects who did not undergo the fMRI experiment I. The ...
... resolutions, and the response time for the resolutions. Neuroimaging analysis of the fMRI experiment II To avoid a circular analysis and maintain the independence of this analysis from the aforementioned analysis, we employed independent seven subjects who did not undergo the fMRI experiment I. The ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
... (,15 ms) indicates that they may, like CEm neurons22,23, receive direct input from sensory thalamus24. Cross-correlating spontaneously occurring spikes of simultaneously recorded CElon and CEloff neurons revealed substantial, yet asymmetrical, short-latency inhibitory interactions between the two cl ...
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral
... well as glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Understandably, this attention is based on the importance of leptin and melanocortin signaling in regulating these biological activities across species. Moreover, these data have provided a framework for the investigation of other metabolic cues t ...
... well as glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Understandably, this attention is based on the importance of leptin and melanocortin signaling in regulating these biological activities across species. Moreover, these data have provided a framework for the investigation of other metabolic cues t ...
File
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
File
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
... 26) The simplest animals to display cephalization and centralization of the nervous system are A) sponges. B) flatworms. C) cnidarians. D) echinoderms. Answer: B Topic: 28.10 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 27) The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like A) th ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... rents on pyramidal neurons, suggesting that interneuronal synchronization was mediated by fast recurrent excitation. Therefore, cholinergically induced fast network oscillations in the hippocampus appeared to be generated by a synaptic feedback circuit between pyramidal cells and perisomatic-targeti ...
... rents on pyramidal neurons, suggesting that interneuronal synchronization was mediated by fast recurrent excitation. Therefore, cholinergically induced fast network oscillations in the hippocampus appeared to be generated by a synaptic feedback circuit between pyramidal cells and perisomatic-targeti ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... toolbox and used to calculate time-varying changes in coherence at each population-level PSTHs, each neuron was normalized to its baseline frequency over 10 s time bins. These data were then used to generate activity and then averaged across neurons (Fig. 4C,D). coherograms (Figs. 3A–C, 5 A, C,F ) a ...
... toolbox and used to calculate time-varying changes in coherence at each population-level PSTHs, each neuron was normalized to its baseline frequency over 10 s time bins. These data were then used to generate activity and then averaged across neurons (Fig. 4C,D). coherograms (Figs. 3A–C, 5 A, C,F ) a ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... It was demonstrated by Everett (1954, 1956) more than fifty years ago that a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secr ...
... It was demonstrated by Everett (1954, 1956) more than fifty years ago that a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secr ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
Pontine respiratory activity involved in inspiratory/expiratory phase
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
... Control of the timing of the inspiratory/expiratory (IE) phase transition is a hallmark of respiratory pattern formation. In principle, sensory feedback from pulmonary stretch receptors (Breuer– Hering reflex, BHR) is seen as the major controller for the IE phase transition, while pontine-based cont ...
Preview Sample 1
... iii. Identical twins: Twins developed from a single fertilized ovum and therefore identical in genetic makeup at the time of conception. iv. Fraternal twins: Twins developed from two separate fertilized ova and therefore different in genetic makeup. v. Adoption studies: Research carried out on child ...
... iii. Identical twins: Twins developed from a single fertilized ovum and therefore identical in genetic makeup at the time of conception. iv. Fraternal twins: Twins developed from two separate fertilized ova and therefore different in genetic makeup. v. Adoption studies: Research carried out on child ...
Assessing similarity to primary tissue and cortical layer identity in
... corticogenesis and neurological disease. Previous work has established that differentiation protocols can produce cortical neurons, but little has been done to characterize these at cellular resolution. In particular, it is unclear to what extent in vitro two-dimensional, relatively disordered cultu ...
... corticogenesis and neurological disease. Previous work has established that differentiation protocols can produce cortical neurons, but little has been done to characterize these at cellular resolution. In particular, it is unclear to what extent in vitro two-dimensional, relatively disordered cultu ...
Central Nervous System
... • Cerebral aqueduct runs through midbrain and connects third to fourth ventricle • Fourth ventricle: small triangular chamber between pons and cerebellum • Connects to central canal, runs down through spinal cord • Ependyma - neuroglia that lines the ventricles and covers choroid plexus ...
... • Cerebral aqueduct runs through midbrain and connects third to fourth ventricle • Fourth ventricle: small triangular chamber between pons and cerebellum • Connects to central canal, runs down through spinal cord • Ependyma - neuroglia that lines the ventricles and covers choroid plexus ...