Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the fixation period, before array presentation. Because the monkeys were required to keep their gaze directed toward the central spot on the display during this period and they had no information about the fort ...
... ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the fixation period, before array presentation. Because the monkeys were required to keep their gaze directed toward the central spot on the display during this period and they had no information about the fort ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
... When I began to study the brain, as a student in the late 1960's, there was enormous excitement about work on the neocortex. Surely this was the organ of thought and creativity, the organ underlying our ability to see and hear and feel, our ability to act deliberatively, to do mathematics. And, buil ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... electrical recording of the neurons in the medulla is difficult. As an effort to overcome this difficulty, we employed local electroporation in vivo in the medulla of the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) to stain small ensembles of neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye. We studied the responses of these n ...
... electrical recording of the neurons in the medulla is difficult. As an effort to overcome this difficulty, we employed local electroporation in vivo in the medulla of the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) to stain small ensembles of neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye. We studied the responses of these n ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... changes in synaptic connectivity, as observed in brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism, may arise from alterations in neuronal morphology (Belmonte and Bourgeron 2006; Scheff et al. 2007); and investigating the complex relationship between neuronal morphology and local and global pat ...
... changes in synaptic connectivity, as observed in brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism, may arise from alterations in neuronal morphology (Belmonte and Bourgeron 2006; Scheff et al. 2007); and investigating the complex relationship between neuronal morphology and local and global pat ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... underneath the protective cover. The perievent time histogram of the neuronal impulses is shown above the raster display, in which each dot denotes the time of a neuronal impulse in reference to movement onset (release of resting key). Each horizontal line represents the activity of the same neuron ...
... underneath the protective cover. The perievent time histogram of the neuronal impulses is shown above the raster display, in which each dot denotes the time of a neuronal impulse in reference to movement onset (release of resting key). Each horizontal line represents the activity of the same neuron ...
here - University of California San Diego
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
... Increased synaptic connectivity due to sensory axon plasticity. Using our conditioning lesion paradigm by injecting trace amount of EtBr, proprioceptive axon plasticity is greatly increased, resulting in greater extent of regeneration than sciatic nerve crush (manuscript in press, 10.1016/j.expneuro ...
Approximating Number of Hidden layer neurons in Multiple
... accuracy is the criteria and no limit for the training time is mentioned. Even the drawback of using multiple hidden layers in the neural network is that they are more prone to fall in bad local minima [9]. Also, experimental results in this paper shows that the number of neurons in first and second ...
... accuracy is the criteria and no limit for the training time is mentioned. Even the drawback of using multiple hidden layers in the neural network is that they are more prone to fall in bad local minima [9]. Also, experimental results in this paper shows that the number of neurons in first and second ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
Epilepsy in Small
... where V indicates the membrane potential, Vleak is the resting potential of the neuron, Isyn is the synaptic input (described in a subsequent paragraph), and is the stochastic component (white noise of sufficient variance to generate spontaneous activity at a target rate). The neuron fires when V ...
... where V indicates the membrane potential, Vleak is the resting potential of the neuron, Isyn is the synaptic input (described in a subsequent paragraph), and is the stochastic component (white noise of sufficient variance to generate spontaneous activity at a target rate). The neuron fires when V ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... the premotor cortex and in the inferior parietal lobule (22, 20, 51). Recently, mirror neurons also have been described in the forebrain of birds (48). The essence of the mirror neuron mechanism is the transformation of specific sensory information into a motor format. This mechanism can be demonstr ...
... the premotor cortex and in the inferior parietal lobule (22, 20, 51). Recently, mirror neurons also have been described in the forebrain of birds (48). The essence of the mirror neuron mechanism is the transformation of specific sensory information into a motor format. This mechanism can be demonstr ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... transgenic models here and we refer the reader to other reviews [24,25]. In our review, we will divide the approaches to study cortical neuronal migration in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques and for each technique we will describe the experimental protocols, discuss the applications, the adv ...
... transgenic models here and we refer the reader to other reviews [24,25]. In our review, we will divide the approaches to study cortical neuronal migration in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques and for each technique we will describe the experimental protocols, discuss the applications, the adv ...
Data Visualization Optimization Computational Modeling of Perception
... produced the contour perception mechanisms important to data visualization perception. Our model incorporates the key elements of these previous works. While these models have been used to explain the emergence of perceptual mechanisms from a neural architecture, they have not been applied to the pr ...
... produced the contour perception mechanisms important to data visualization perception. Our model incorporates the key elements of these previous works. While these models have been used to explain the emergence of perceptual mechanisms from a neural architecture, they have not been applied to the pr ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... Young, 1988). The use of neurochemical markers assists in defining subsets of neuronal populations, as spiny GABAergic projection cells can contain substance P, GABA, enkephalin or dynorphyn (Kawaguchi, 1997). There is also a distinction between spiny projection cells with respect to the dopamin rec ...
... Young, 1988). The use of neurochemical markers assists in defining subsets of neuronal populations, as spiny GABAergic projection cells can contain substance P, GABA, enkephalin or dynorphyn (Kawaguchi, 1997). There is also a distinction between spiny projection cells with respect to the dopamin rec ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.