Sense Making Taste
... ical signals called neurotransmitters, which prompt neurons connected to the taste cells to relay electrical messages. Studies of animals and people, however, show that there is not always a strict correlation between taste quality and chemical class, particularly for bitter and sweet tastants. Many ...
... ical signals called neurotransmitters, which prompt neurons connected to the taste cells to relay electrical messages. Studies of animals and people, however, show that there is not always a strict correlation between taste quality and chemical class, particularly for bitter and sweet tastants. Many ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... are unable to assume proper laminar position, a critical and very early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/ ...
... are unable to assume proper laminar position, a critical and very early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/ ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... The quality of the data collected for this study had a unique combination of features that made them particularly useful for uncovering effective connectivity in neural networks at this scale. The high temporal resolution of the recordings allowed the sequence of spike activations to be identified i ...
... The quality of the data collected for this study had a unique combination of features that made them particularly useful for uncovering effective connectivity in neural networks at this scale. The high temporal resolution of the recordings allowed the sequence of spike activations to be identified i ...
The Nervous System - Fisiokinesiterapia
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane • The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration • This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
... after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane • The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration • This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
9.14 Questions on chapter 1 of Brain Structure and Its
... 1) What cranial nerves carry information from electroreceptors in certain fish? Why is electroreception so useful for these fish? Why is their visual sense not adequate? 2) No placental mammals have electrosensory abilities, but one non-placental mammal does have such an ability. Which one? How are ...
... 1) What cranial nerves carry information from electroreceptors in certain fish? Why is electroreception so useful for these fish? Why is their visual sense not adequate? 2) No placental mammals have electrosensory abilities, but one non-placental mammal does have such an ability. Which one? How are ...
Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat
... Experiments on excess of vitamin B6 have been inadequate up to now. Many studies dealing with administration of different daily doses of excess vitamin B6 have suggested that the excess of this vitamin affects the brain and serum concentrations of some amino acids and cortical serotonin receptors [3 ...
... Experiments on excess of vitamin B6 have been inadequate up to now. Many studies dealing with administration of different daily doses of excess vitamin B6 have suggested that the excess of this vitamin affects the brain and serum concentrations of some amino acids and cortical serotonin receptors [3 ...
The Timing of Response Onset and Offset in Macaque
... Opponent circuits may operate in direction-selective cells (Sutherland, 1961; Barlow and Hill, 1963; Adelson and Bergen, 1985) (but see, Raymond and Braddick, 1996), but perhaps are different in V1 and MT (Qian and Andersen, 1994; Heeger et al., 1999). For all cell types that we studied, response on ...
... Opponent circuits may operate in direction-selective cells (Sutherland, 1961; Barlow and Hill, 1963; Adelson and Bergen, 1985) (but see, Raymond and Braddick, 1996), but perhaps are different in V1 and MT (Qian and Andersen, 1994; Heeger et al., 1999). For all cell types that we studied, response on ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... 1980). Neural activity was monitored with a preamplifier, oscilloscope, and audio amplifier and recorded on tape with voice cues for subsequent analysis. Single neuron recordings were identified during experiments by examining the superimposition of successive action potentials within a spike train ...
... 1980). Neural activity was monitored with a preamplifier, oscilloscope, and audio amplifier and recorded on tape with voice cues for subsequent analysis. Single neuron recordings were identified during experiments by examining the superimposition of successive action potentials within a spike train ...
PDF
... and reliable pattern of labeling was observed in the VCN. This pattern and the VCN cell types filled by such an injection have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997; Doucet et al., 1999b) and so will only be summarized. Microneurons and axons were labeled and distributed within ...
... and reliable pattern of labeling was observed in the VCN. This pattern and the VCN cell types filled by such an injection have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997; Doucet et al., 1999b) and so will only be summarized. Microneurons and axons were labeled and distributed within ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
PPT - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many studies in neuronal procedure and functional mechanism lacks “compr ...
... information and how the signals are used by neuronal processes for the control of behavior “self-referencing system” “ongoing self-maintaining system” – so treating brain as an input-output system can have only limited success. Many studies in neuronal procedure and functional mechanism lacks “compr ...
Reward and Aversion
... Enormous advances have since been made in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying reward and aversion. It is now understood that reward is not a unitary process but contains several psychological components: liking (pleasure, hedonic reaction to reward), wanting (desire, motivational process ...
... Enormous advances have since been made in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying reward and aversion. It is now understood that reward is not a unitary process but contains several psychological components: liking (pleasure, hedonic reaction to reward), wanting (desire, motivational process ...
The Number of Cortical Neurons Used to See
... Method 1The observer was gently made to stand 110 cm away from the computer slide consisting of the four squares. The observer was then told to discriminate the noise and determine which square had the greatest noise. If the observer discriminated the noise correctly, then the next slide was placed ...
... Method 1The observer was gently made to stand 110 cm away from the computer slide consisting of the four squares. The observer was then told to discriminate the noise and determine which square had the greatest noise. If the observer discriminated the noise correctly, then the next slide was placed ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... Inspiratory- or expiratory CRRNs were classified by identifying whether the neuronal burst duration occurred primarily during the corresponding phase of the PN. Neurons that displayed respiratory phasic activity under control conditions (without respiratory challenges) were subcatalogued as basic CR ...
... Inspiratory- or expiratory CRRNs were classified by identifying whether the neuronal burst duration occurred primarily during the corresponding phase of the PN. Neurons that displayed respiratory phasic activity under control conditions (without respiratory challenges) were subcatalogued as basic CR ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
Genetic mechanisms behind cell specification Drosophila Magnus Baumgardt
... lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upon the simultaneous triggering of two opposing feed-forward loops (FFLs) within the neuroblast. The first FFL involves cell fate determinants and progresses withi ...
... lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upon the simultaneous triggering of two opposing feed-forward loops (FFLs) within the neuroblast. The first FFL involves cell fate determinants and progresses withi ...
Presentation
... What fraction of regenerated serotonin axons survive long-term and do they attain normal morphology and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape ...
... What fraction of regenerated serotonin axons survive long-term and do they attain normal morphology and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape ...
Searching for lost memories, Sudoku, and related ills of the brain
... structures. Only compact folded proteins (which represent an infinitesimal fraction of all possible amino acid sequences) are biologically functional, so these are the sequences chosen through evolution. Most frame shift errors and a large fraction of substitution errors in synthesis result in prote ...
... structures. Only compact folded proteins (which represent an infinitesimal fraction of all possible amino acid sequences) are biologically functional, so these are the sequences chosen through evolution. Most frame shift errors and a large fraction of substitution errors in synthesis result in prote ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... in vivo, we have performed femtosecond laser nanosurgery using a homemade microscope with two-photon imaging capability [3]. We succeeded in rapidly cutting single axons inside C. elegans with pulse energies of 10–40 nJ at the specimen, using only 100 tightly focused 200-fs short (before optical set ...
... in vivo, we have performed femtosecond laser nanosurgery using a homemade microscope with two-photon imaging capability [3]. We succeeded in rapidly cutting single axons inside C. elegans with pulse energies of 10–40 nJ at the specimen, using only 100 tightly focused 200-fs short (before optical set ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... After injection of fluorescent tracers in prefrontal cortices, we used one series of sections to conduct systematic exhaustive mapping of labeled projection neurons on the ipsilateral side in superior temporal cortices (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope ( ...
... After injection of fluorescent tracers in prefrontal cortices, we used one series of sections to conduct systematic exhaustive mapping of labeled projection neurons on the ipsilateral side in superior temporal cortices (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope ( ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.