Neurotransmitters
... cell body of the receiving neuron. This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. ...
... cell body of the receiving neuron. This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. ...
Optical probing of neuronal ensemble activity
... In spite of the success of in vivo calcium imaging for visualizing neuronal ensemble activity, a number of challenges remain. One crucial issue is the limited temporal resolution. A first strategy to improve imaging speed is to simultaneously excite fluorescence at multiple spots. For example, wide- ...
... In spite of the success of in vivo calcium imaging for visualizing neuronal ensemble activity, a number of challenges remain. One crucial issue is the limited temporal resolution. A first strategy to improve imaging speed is to simultaneously excite fluorescence at multiple spots. For example, wide- ...
Neurobiology of learning
... make decisions, plan, and set goals. When you are paying attention while trying to learn, the frontal lobe communicates with the new synapses formed in step one. It’s also sending signals to the reward center of your brain, getting it ready. When the new dendrites and synapses fire correctly, and yo ...
... make decisions, plan, and set goals. When you are paying attention while trying to learn, the frontal lobe communicates with the new synapses formed in step one. It’s also sending signals to the reward center of your brain, getting it ready. When the new dendrites and synapses fire correctly, and yo ...
Bioinspired Computing Lecture 5
... Thus, we would expect to find very few ‘redundant’ neurons with co-varying outputs in that network. Accordingly, an optimal temporal coding circuit might tend to eliminate redundancy in the pattern of inputs to different neurons. On the other hand, if neural information is carried by a noisy rate-ba ...
... Thus, we would expect to find very few ‘redundant’ neurons with co-varying outputs in that network. Accordingly, an optimal temporal coding circuit might tend to eliminate redundancy in the pattern of inputs to different neurons. On the other hand, if neural information is carried by a noisy rate-ba ...
Design of Optoelectronic Interface Between Neuron
... imitates axon. The optoelectronic communication channel consists of light emission diode (LED), optical fiber and photodiode. Electronic neuron modulates the intensity of LED emission into the fiber and the photodiode detects the light and converts optical signal into electrical pulses that stimulat ...
... imitates axon. The optoelectronic communication channel consists of light emission diode (LED), optical fiber and photodiode. Electronic neuron modulates the intensity of LED emission into the fiber and the photodiode detects the light and converts optical signal into electrical pulses that stimulat ...
divergent plate boundary
... • Hebb (1949) developed the first learning rule (on the premise that if two neurons were active at the same time the strength between them should be increased) ...
... • Hebb (1949) developed the first learning rule (on the premise that if two neurons were active at the same time the strength between them should be increased) ...
3680Lecture29
... blindness called a scotoma • Identified using perimetry • note macular sparing ...
... blindness called a scotoma • Identified using perimetry • note macular sparing ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... of interest, such as stimulus intensity.) Figure 1A shows the response to contrast reversal stimulation of the cell by a standing pattern at optimal orientation, spatial, and temporal frequency. (Defined more precisely below, “contrast reversal” is the temporal modulation of a standing grating patte ...
... of interest, such as stimulus intensity.) Figure 1A shows the response to contrast reversal stimulation of the cell by a standing pattern at optimal orientation, spatial, and temporal frequency. (Defined more precisely below, “contrast reversal” is the temporal modulation of a standing grating patte ...
quantitative proteomics of mitochondrial proteins in a mouse model
... labels. Labelled peptides from mutant and control mice were mixed, fractionated by isoelectric focussing. Peptide fractions were separated by liquid chromatography (Easy nLC from Proxeon) coupled coupled to a mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap, Thermo Fisher Scientific) through a nanoelectrospray sourc ...
... labels. Labelled peptides from mutant and control mice were mixed, fractionated by isoelectric focussing. Peptide fractions were separated by liquid chromatography (Easy nLC from Proxeon) coupled coupled to a mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap, Thermo Fisher Scientific) through a nanoelectrospray sourc ...
The Nervous System Introducion
... Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Autonomic nervous system involuntary; controls action of cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands ...
... Organization: Divisions of the Nervous System - PNS • Autonomic nervous system involuntary; controls action of cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands ...
Biological clock
... the SCN transmits a single, clear message about time to the rest of the brain. • Light information from the retina serves to reset the clocks in the SCN neurons each day, but the SCN neurons also communicate directly with each other and seems to be independent of APs and normal synaptic transmission ...
... the SCN transmits a single, clear message about time to the rest of the brain. • Light information from the retina serves to reset the clocks in the SCN neurons each day, but the SCN neurons also communicate directly with each other and seems to be independent of APs and normal synaptic transmission ...
Biological clock - Science Mission
... the SCN transmits a single, clear message about time to the rest of the brain. • Light information from the retina serves to reset the clocks in the SCN neurons each day, but the SCN neurons also communicate directly with each other and seems to be independent of APs and normal synaptic transmission ...
... the SCN transmits a single, clear message about time to the rest of the brain. • Light information from the retina serves to reset the clocks in the SCN neurons each day, but the SCN neurons also communicate directly with each other and seems to be independent of APs and normal synaptic transmission ...
Functional Motifs Composed of Morphologically Homologous
... from serial horizontal sections of paired, recorded, and intracellularly labeled the M-cells in r4 (black) and RSNs in r4 –r6. The detail than that in a previous study that somata of all of types of RSNs fell into tidy segments, but their dendrites protruded away from their own segments and projecte ...
... from serial horizontal sections of paired, recorded, and intracellularly labeled the M-cells in r4 (black) and RSNs in r4 –r6. The detail than that in a previous study that somata of all of types of RSNs fell into tidy segments, but their dendrites protruded away from their own segments and projecte ...
Part IV- Single neuron computation
... Burst firing due to Ca firing: • Exist cells with 2 additional type of channels: 1. T type voltage activated Ca channels (T for transient)- open at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation ( ...
... Burst firing due to Ca firing: • Exist cells with 2 additional type of channels: 1. T type voltage activated Ca channels (T for transient)- open at very low threshold, inactivate fast. 2. L type voltage activated Ca channels (L for long)- open only at higher threshold, very very slow de-activation ( ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... 7642 • The Journal of Neuroscience, August 20, 2003 • 23(20):7642–7646 ...
... 7642 • The Journal of Neuroscience, August 20, 2003 • 23(20):7642–7646 ...
the Lateral Lemniscus Powerful, Onset Inhibition in the Ventral
... observed. Some animals were initially sedated with isoflurane (4 –5% in 2% O2) prior to injection of urethan. The animal’s temperature was maintained at ⬃37.5°C by a thermostatically controlled heating pad. At the end of the recording session, the animal was intra-cardially perfused with 10% formali ...
... observed. Some animals were initially sedated with isoflurane (4 –5% in 2% O2) prior to injection of urethan. The animal’s temperature was maintained at ⬃37.5°C by a thermostatically controlled heating pad. At the end of the recording session, the animal was intra-cardially perfused with 10% formali ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of orig ...
... posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), and (4) cerebral peduncle. Extracellular recordings were obtained from a total of 169 units in 21 animals. Results demonstrate a close correspondence between the laminar location of the antidromically identified neurons and their anatomically known layer of orig ...
Skeletal, Muscular, & Nervous System
... You have 206 bones in your body Axial Skeleton – the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum or breastbone Appendicular skeleton – the remaining 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips ...
... You have 206 bones in your body Axial Skeleton – the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, vertebrae, and sternum or breastbone Appendicular skeleton – the remaining 126 bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders, and hips ...
Biological constraints limit the use of rapamycin
... precise temporal control. These systems are based on rapamycin-induced dimerization of FK506 Binding Protein 12 (FKBP12) with the FKBP Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we sought to adapt a rapamycin-inducible phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-s ...
... precise temporal control. These systems are based on rapamycin-induced dimerization of FK506 Binding Protein 12 (FKBP12) with the FKBP Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we sought to adapt a rapamycin-inducible phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-s ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.