Gust & Olfac
... Olfaction • Specialized neurons present in the olfactory epithelium in the nose. • They project cilia into a mucus layer. The cilia are able to bind to odorant molecules the binding triggers an AP which is transmitted to the olfactory area of the olfactory bulb olfactory cortex (lower frontal a ...
... Olfaction • Specialized neurons present in the olfactory epithelium in the nose. • They project cilia into a mucus layer. The cilia are able to bind to odorant molecules the binding triggers an AP which is transmitted to the olfactory area of the olfactory bulb olfactory cortex (lower frontal a ...
Glossary OF terms in Spinal Cord Injury Research
... • Glia. These are cells that were originally called glia because they were thought to be “glue” of the nervous system. Several families of glial cells have been identified and perform many functions. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and spinal cord, including forming th ...
... • Glia. These are cells that were originally called glia because they were thought to be “glue” of the nervous system. Several families of glial cells have been identified and perform many functions. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and spinal cord, including forming th ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... Neural circuits in the brain operate on the millisecond time scale via spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal spikes. Two-photon calcium imaging recently has enabled functional measurements from neuronal networks in vivo1, but its temporal resolution is limited compared to that of electrical recordings ...
... Neural circuits in the brain operate on the millisecond time scale via spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal spikes. Two-photon calcium imaging recently has enabled functional measurements from neuronal networks in vivo1, but its temporal resolution is limited compared to that of electrical recordings ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... using enhancer-trap technology. These methods represent a valuable source of type-specific neuronal markers that provide anatomical details of cellular phenotype not afforded by conventional histological techniques (Bier et al., 1989; Bellen et al., 1989). The genetic basis of enhancer-trap techniqu ...
... using enhancer-trap technology. These methods represent a valuable source of type-specific neuronal markers that provide anatomical details of cellular phenotype not afforded by conventional histological techniques (Bier et al., 1989; Bellen et al., 1989). The genetic basis of enhancer-trap techniqu ...
Differential responses in three thalamic nuclei in moderately
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... anatomical work: Excitatory connections are far more common than inhibitory connections (~65%), stronger connections are found among neurons that are physically near one another, and connections are stronger among neurons with similar receptive field properties. However, this connectivity is capable ...
... anatomical work: Excitatory connections are far more common than inhibitory connections (~65%), stronger connections are found among neurons that are physically near one another, and connections are stronger among neurons with similar receptive field properties. However, this connectivity is capable ...
Echokinetic yawning, theory of mind, and empathy
... either yawning or simply opening and closing their mouths to 49 children who were 7 years or older, half of whom were autistic. The yawning faces triggered more than twice as many yawns in nonautistic children than in their autistic counterparts. This study suggests that contagious yawning is impair ...
... either yawning or simply opening and closing their mouths to 49 children who were 7 years or older, half of whom were autistic. The yawning faces triggered more than twice as many yawns in nonautistic children than in their autistic counterparts. This study suggests that contagious yawning is impair ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
Gated Channels
... Activated G protein controls production of second messengers, e.g., cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, diacylglycerol or Ca2+Second messengers ...
... Activated G protein controls production of second messengers, e.g., cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, diacylglycerol or Ca2+Second messengers ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Projections from limbic regions. Hippocampal efferents via the precommissural fornix-lateral septum innervates all three longitudinally organized columns of the hypothalamus. A distinct subdivision of the hippocampus, the subiculum, project through the postcommissural fonix to the mammillary bodies. ...
... Projections from limbic regions. Hippocampal efferents via the precommissural fornix-lateral septum innervates all three longitudinally organized columns of the hypothalamus. A distinct subdivision of the hippocampus, the subiculum, project through the postcommissural fonix to the mammillary bodies. ...
Automatic design and Manufacture of Robotic Lifeforms
... evolutionary process iteratively selects fitter machines, creates offspring by adding, modifying and removing building blocks using a set of operators, and replaces them into the population (see methods section). Evolutionary computation has been applied to many engineering problems9,10. However, st ...
... evolutionary process iteratively selects fitter machines, creates offspring by adding, modifying and removing building blocks using a set of operators, and replaces them into the population (see methods section). Evolutionary computation has been applied to many engineering problems9,10. However, st ...
powerpoint version - University of Arizona
... (as opposed to extrafusal) - Sensitive to stretch (stretch -> APs) ...
... (as opposed to extrafusal) - Sensitive to stretch (stretch -> APs) ...
Poison apparatus
... * Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower the blood pressure. * Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis by lysing the phospholipid cell membranes of red blood cells. * Snake venom inhibits cholinesterase to make the prey lose muscle control. * Hyaluronidas ...
... * Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower the blood pressure. * Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis by lysing the phospholipid cell membranes of red blood cells. * Snake venom inhibits cholinesterase to make the prey lose muscle control. * Hyaluronidas ...
Neural Networks - 123SeminarsOnly.com
... offshoots from it. The dendrites and the axon end in pre-synaptic terminals. The cell body is the heart of the cell. It contains the nucleolus and maintains protein synthesis. A neuron has many dendrites, which look like a tree structure, receives signals from other neurons. A single neuron usually ...
... offshoots from it. The dendrites and the axon end in pre-synaptic terminals. The cell body is the heart of the cell. It contains the nucleolus and maintains protein synthesis. A neuron has many dendrites, which look like a tree structure, receives signals from other neurons. A single neuron usually ...
SI Wednesday November 5, 2008
... E. Branch to axon collaterals and telodendria 9. Spinal cord gray matter can contain all of the following except: A. Dendrites B. Interneurons C. Satellite cells D. The neurotransmitter glutamate ...
... E. Branch to axon collaterals and telodendria 9. Spinal cord gray matter can contain all of the following except: A. Dendrites B. Interneurons C. Satellite cells D. The neurotransmitter glutamate ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... The bat uses velocity information carried by the 61-kHz component for hunting flying insects13,14. Accordingly, its auditory system, from the periphery to the cortex, contains many neurons that are sharply tuned to this frequency for fine frequency analysis15,16. The sharp frequency-tuning curves in ...
... The bat uses velocity information carried by the 61-kHz component for hunting flying insects13,14. Accordingly, its auditory system, from the periphery to the cortex, contains many neurons that are sharply tuned to this frequency for fine frequency analysis15,16. The sharp frequency-tuning curves in ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. However, estimates on the total numbers of neurons per class were not determined, because such estimates are unreliable ...
... 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. However, estimates on the total numbers of neurons per class were not determined, because such estimates are unreliable ...
Steroids CLASS COPY
... surround individual cells in the organ and then pass through the cell membranes to enter the cytoplasm of the cells. Once in the cytoplasm, the steroids bind to specific receptors and then enter the nucleus of the cells. The steroid-receptor complex is then able to alter the functioning of the genet ...
... surround individual cells in the organ and then pass through the cell membranes to enter the cytoplasm of the cells. Once in the cytoplasm, the steroids bind to specific receptors and then enter the nucleus of the cells. The steroid-receptor complex is then able to alter the functioning of the genet ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
melanin in the body
... There are billions of neuron cells found in the brain that conduct electrical impulses. Neurons are connected to each other making an immense and complex neural network. Each neuron receives thousands of electrical inputs from one another. Impulses arriving at the same time are added together to mak ...
... There are billions of neuron cells found in the brain that conduct electrical impulses. Neurons are connected to each other making an immense and complex neural network. Each neuron receives thousands of electrical inputs from one another. Impulses arriving at the same time are added together to mak ...
Invertebrates 1: Powerpoint
... choanoflagellate cell Considered "multicellular" rather than colonial, because there are different cell types. ...
... choanoflagellate cell Considered "multicellular" rather than colonial, because there are different cell types. ...
Slide 1
... (depicted in tracings on the right). Postulated inhibitory connections are shown as red circles; postulated excitatory connections as green circles; and cholinergic pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular path ...
... (depicted in tracings on the right). Postulated inhibitory connections are shown as red circles; postulated excitatory connections as green circles; and cholinergic pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular path ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.