Linear Combinations of Optic Flow Vectors for Estimating Self
... Our experiments show that it is indeed possible to obtain useful self-motion estimates from an ensemble of linear model neurons. Although a linear approach necessarily has to ignore the distances of the currently perceived scene, an appropriate choice of local weights and a large field of view are c ...
... Our experiments show that it is indeed possible to obtain useful self-motion estimates from an ensemble of linear model neurons. Although a linear approach necessarily has to ignore the distances of the currently perceived scene, an appropriate choice of local weights and a large field of view are c ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... and the dorsal aspect of the cerebellum and caudal cerebrum were quickly exposed. Parallel cuts, roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the brainstem, were made at the caudal border of the mesencephalon and rostrally, through the middle of the superior colliculus. The tissue block was attached to ...
... and the dorsal aspect of the cerebellum and caudal cerebrum were quickly exposed. Parallel cuts, roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the brainstem, were made at the caudal border of the mesencephalon and rostrally, through the middle of the superior colliculus. The tissue block was attached to ...
Nerve Pathways: Functions, Lesions and Adhesions D.Robbins
... 3) Subconscious sensory feedback for posture/movement control involves ascending spinal pathways principally to the cerebellum or brainstem nuclei that project to the cerebellum. Generally there are only two neurons in a subconscious pathway and the axon of the projection neuron joins an ipsilateral ...
... 3) Subconscious sensory feedback for posture/movement control involves ascending spinal pathways principally to the cerebellum or brainstem nuclei that project to the cerebellum. Generally there are only two neurons in a subconscious pathway and the axon of the projection neuron joins an ipsilateral ...
ciliated mucous membrane
... You are sound asleep and a loud alarm clock goes off…you wake up. Identify the stimulus, receptor, effector and response. Stimulus: alarm clock Receptor: ears Effector: muscle in your eye lids Response: opening your eyes ...
... You are sound asleep and a loud alarm clock goes off…you wake up. Identify the stimulus, receptor, effector and response. Stimulus: alarm clock Receptor: ears Effector: muscle in your eye lids Response: opening your eyes ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
... 3. A model of area F5 and the mirror system The results summarized in the previous sections tell us of the central role of F5 in the control and recognition of manipulative actions: the common interpretation proposed by (Luppino & Rizzolatti, 2000) and (Fagg & Arbib, 1998) considers F5 a part of a l ...
Theme 6. Vision
... Describe a situation where the sympathetic nervous system becomes activated and what effect such activation has on the body. Include information on how the sympathetic nervous system is organized. (6p) ...
... Describe a situation where the sympathetic nervous system becomes activated and what effect such activation has on the body. Include information on how the sympathetic nervous system is organized. (6p) ...
Biological Theories of Aging
... • Sensory changes correlate with ―loss of sensory fibers on sural nerve biopsy ―↓amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials ―loss of dorsal root ganglion cells ...
... • Sensory changes correlate with ―loss of sensory fibers on sural nerve biopsy ―↓amplitude of sensory nerve action potentials ―loss of dorsal root ganglion cells ...
in cellular neuroscience
... allowing identification of each neural cell (Hall and Russell 1991, Ward et al. 1975, White et al. 1986). This makes C. elegans one of the few animals whose full complement of individual cells has been mapped throughout development and the only such animal widely used as a model in neuroscience. The ...
... allowing identification of each neural cell (Hall and Russell 1991, Ward et al. 1975, White et al. 1986). This makes C. elegans one of the few animals whose full complement of individual cells has been mapped throughout development and the only such animal widely used as a model in neuroscience. The ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... radial fashion within the developing cortical plate. The first direct demonstration of this has come recently from studies in which a progenitor cell is infected with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a marker gene which allows for later identification of its progeny. Using this approach, it has bee ...
... radial fashion within the developing cortical plate. The first direct demonstration of this has come recently from studies in which a progenitor cell is infected with a recombinant retrovirus carrying a marker gene which allows for later identification of its progeny. Using this approach, it has bee ...
PDF
... separate neuronal units (Gold and Stoljar, 1999). Each neuron is a discrete computational (in the broad sense of having rulebased input–output relations) unit, conforming to biophysical laws. The timing of firing of a neuron is determined by chemical and electrical interactions between the cell and ...
... separate neuronal units (Gold and Stoljar, 1999). Each neuron is a discrete computational (in the broad sense of having rulebased input–output relations) unit, conforming to biophysical laws. The timing of firing of a neuron is determined by chemical and electrical interactions between the cell and ...
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs: Introduction Drugs
... is referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP). The change can last for many hours or even days and is generally accepted as an important cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that act indirectly on ion channels via G ...
... is referred to as long-term potentiation (LTP). The change can last for many hours or even days and is generally accepted as an important cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that act indirectly on ion channels via G ...
Contributions of Retinal Ganglion Cells to
... to increase glutamate release, thereby exciting bipolar cells that express conventional ionotropic glutamate receptors (Off bipolar cells) (Figure 1b). Horizontal cells, which are GABAergic and inhibitory, shape the flow of photoreceptor-to-bipolar-cell information through feedback and feedforward m ...
... to increase glutamate release, thereby exciting bipolar cells that express conventional ionotropic glutamate receptors (Off bipolar cells) (Figure 1b). Horizontal cells, which are GABAergic and inhibitory, shape the flow of photoreceptor-to-bipolar-cell information through feedback and feedforward m ...
Head direction cells
... postdoctoral fellow working in his laboratory, Jeffrey S. Taube, made these cells the subject of his research, and summarized his findings in a pair of papers in the Journal of Neuroscience in 1990.[1] [2] These seminal papers served as the foundation for all of the work that has been done subsequen ...
... postdoctoral fellow working in his laboratory, Jeffrey S. Taube, made these cells the subject of his research, and summarized his findings in a pair of papers in the Journal of Neuroscience in 1990.[1] [2] These seminal papers served as the foundation for all of the work that has been done subsequen ...
Philosophy of the spike
... 1) for each neuron, there exists a private quantity r(t) whose evolution only depends on the other quantities ri(t). 2) ri(t) is the expected firing probability of neuron i. 3) spike trains (realizations) depend on r(t) only, through a private stochastic process (independent neurons) Example 1: rand ...
... 1) for each neuron, there exists a private quantity r(t) whose evolution only depends on the other quantities ri(t). 2) ri(t) is the expected firing probability of neuron i. 3) spike trains (realizations) depend on r(t) only, through a private stochastic process (independent neurons) Example 1: rand ...
neurology_lab3
... those information may be divided into two main groups: (1) exteroceptive information:, which originates from outside the body, such as pain, temperature, and touch. (2) proprioceptive information: which originates from inside the body, for example, from muscles, tendons and joints. Information from ...
... those information may be divided into two main groups: (1) exteroceptive information:, which originates from outside the body, such as pain, temperature, and touch. (2) proprioceptive information: which originates from inside the body, for example, from muscles, tendons and joints. Information from ...
Development of neuromotor prostheses
... Creation of an appropriate sensor is challenging because a rich movement output signal depends on recordings from many cells simultaneously, which therefore requires many microelectrodes. Reliable multineuron sensors have been technically difficult to produce, but a number are now in development. Ha ...
... Creation of an appropriate sensor is challenging because a rich movement output signal depends on recordings from many cells simultaneously, which therefore requires many microelectrodes. Reliable multineuron sensors have been technically difficult to produce, but a number are now in development. Ha ...
Dopamine Modulates the Activity of Sensory Hair Cells
... influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. However, a ...
... influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. However, a ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.