• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
TalkHumaine_grandjean
TalkHumaine_grandjean

... an attempt to categorize (detect) the cognitive processes underlying the emotional processes (unfolding with time) in the different modalities (cf emotional facial expressions described in the appraisal processes rather than the discrete or dimensional models). • What is the status of time in the mu ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the

lecture i - Tripod.com
lecture i - Tripod.com

... - without corpuscle – sustained, slow-adapting response – needed to tell us about the stimulus itself, how strong/weak, long/short, on/off – we’re aware of sustained stimulus Rods and Cones – slow-adapting - one type of rod and three types of cones (red, blue, green) - rods are VERY sensitive to lig ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the

... part of the esophagus stimulates the mucosal receptors, which in turn activate the neurons of the NTS through the vagal afferents and finally the neurons in DMV and NA to modulate the esophageal peristalsis. The neural control of esophageal motility has been a major subject of many studies (4). Howe ...
Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia

... made to each movement. Such BG activity influences VL thalamic projections back to area 4 (primary motor cortex), allowing for more discrete regulation of individual ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology

Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3
Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3

... P < 0.05) and in the number of branch points (Fig. 2B; P < 0.05) in the apical dendritic trees of Golgi-impregnated CA3 pyramidal cells in 100-~zm-th,.'cksections. In contrast, CA3 pyramidal cell basal dendrites showed no significant differences in the total length of dendrites (Fig. 2C; P > 0.1) an ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants

... initially assumed that a neural prosthesis for hearing would need a very large number of channels. As we have seen, this did not turn out to be the case, at least for low-noise environments. Hardware For Hearing In a deafened ear, hair-cell failure severs the connection between the peripheral and ce ...
Action Potential
Action Potential

... Two Natural Factors influencing the DISTRIBUTION of Ions: a. Diffusion b. Electrostatic gradient Potassium Permeable membrane ...
For Motor Outputs, as for Sensory Inputs, Spike Timing Carries More
For Motor Outputs, as for Sensory Inputs, Spike Timing Carries More

... Freelance Science Writer, Sherborn, Massachusetts, United States of America ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
Control of Wake and Sleep States

... Sleep induction is mediated by homeostatic factors adenosine and nitric oxide in BF and neocortex and by increased activity of median pro-optic nucleus GABA neurons that inhibit the wake-promoting neurons of ARAS. Circadian influences are mediated by direct retinal and indirect SCN projections to GA ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN

Airgas template
Airgas template

... responses that occur in persons with some types of spinal cord injuries. The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis involves the demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. ...
Respiratory system lab
Respiratory system lab

... of connective tissue. This is where macrophages permanently retire after they engorge themselves with indigestible particles. Many of the macrophages have taken up so many dust particles that the only detail you can see is their cell boundary. D-77 Lung monkey (H&E). This slide is excellent for obse ...
Document
Document

... 5 to 50 times more numerous do NOT generate electrical impulses divide by mitosis Four types in the CNS ...
"new technology" for the Cambrian Explosion
"new technology" for the Cambrian Explosion

... period, and the disappearance of the worldwide ice sheets that preceded that period. Around the time of the Cambrian Explosion, the geological record indicates several shifts in the ratio of various isotopes that are differentially concentrated by metabolism, which implies that biological productivi ...
Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines

... commonly, in other evaluated regions. In Crh-GFP BAC mice, the large majority of neurons expressed either CRH or reporter, with little overlap. These data highlight significant diversity in concordant expression of reporter and endogenous CRH among three available transgenic mice. These findings sho ...
for the Cambrian Explosion - Journal of Evolution and Technology
for the Cambrian Explosion - Journal of Evolution and Technology

... period, and the disappearance of the worldwide ice sheets that preceded that period. Around the time of the Cambrian Explosion, the geological record indicates several shifts in the ratio of various isotopes that are differentially concentrated by metabolism, which implies that biological productivi ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute

... and also provides a source of diversity in coding the conjunctions and disjunctions of input and previous state information. The n in the summation terms is 25, corresponding to the linearized size of the 535 layers. Recurrent input to State originates from the layer State D . State D (Eqs. (2.1) an ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a

... CD (“Cabo do Mundo” by Luar na Lubre, Warner Music Spain, 1999). The CD style is celtic music played with traditional instruments, vocals, drums and synthesizers. The CD is available worldwide by music stores such as Amazon. In this period the learning mechanism continuously acts on the synaptic eff ...
REVIEWS - Department Of Biological Sciences Hunter College
REVIEWS - Department Of Biological Sciences Hunter College

... these constructs compete with endogenous classic cadherins for interactions with catenins and other cytoskeletal proteins. As the activity of classic cadherins relies on such interactions38, their depletion due to overexpression of the mutant cadherins causes downregulation of the endogenous cadheri ...
Noise in Neurons and Other Constraints
Noise in Neurons and Other Constraints

... much less than any computer of equivalent computational power would need (and in fact less then current portable computers). This is, taking an engineering, view surprising. Brains use low quality components for electrical signals: fat as electrical insulator, protein transistors and salty water as ...
Origins, migration and differentiation of glial cells in
Origins, migration and differentiation of glial cells in

... CNS), while posteriorly, a second group of about 300 neurons are distributed throughout the enteric plexus, a branching nerve plexus that spans the foregut-midgut boundary (Copenhaver and Taghert, 1989a). While all of the enteric neurons arise locally from the foregut ectoderm, these two populations ...
12 - FacultyWeb
12 - FacultyWeb

... • Cushion of fat and a network of veins in the epidural space between the vertebrae and spinal dura mater • CSF in subarachnoid space • Denticulate ligaments: extensions of pia mater that secure cord to dura mater • Filum terminale: fibrous extension from conus medullaris; anchors the spinal cord to ...
A horizontal spinal cord slice preparation for studying descending
A horizontal spinal cord slice preparation for studying descending

... J.R. Flynn,1 M.P. Galea,2 A.M. Brichta,1 R.J. Callister1 and B.A. Graham ,1 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia and Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia and 2School of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences ...
< 1 ... 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 ... 420 >

Channelrhodopsin



Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report