Text S1.
... information of a deeper layer X, requires that we have knowledge of the system (layers 1 through X) that is not local to layer X itself. We can apply the same reasoning to determine the information contained within a more realistic ion channel. For example, a voltage-activated channel could be made ...
... information of a deeper layer X, requires that we have knowledge of the system (layers 1 through X) that is not local to layer X itself. We can apply the same reasoning to determine the information contained within a more realistic ion channel. For example, a voltage-activated channel could be made ...
Pax6 in the cerebellum - Development
... neurological mutants (Hatten and Heintz, 1995). Here we assess the role of the Pax6 gene in development of cerebellar structures, by comparing normal and Pax6-mutant Small eye mice at different gestational stages. The role of Pax6 in eye development has been the major focus of attention (Hanson and ...
... neurological mutants (Hatten and Heintz, 1995). Here we assess the role of the Pax6 gene in development of cerebellar structures, by comparing normal and Pax6-mutant Small eye mice at different gestational stages. The role of Pax6 in eye development has been the major focus of attention (Hanson and ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of our complete understanding of the neural connectivity of C. elegans, made possible by work from John White and colleagues.1,2 Increased technological capability to achieve single cell resolution in other ...
... unique. However, the discovery of this unique form of neural plasticity is primarily because of our complete understanding of the neural connectivity of C. elegans, made possible by work from John White and colleagues.1,2 Increased technological capability to achieve single cell resolution in other ...
Low-Power Circuits for Brain-Machine Interfaces
... may use an analog decoding and learning architecture to compute such a filter in a power-efficient analog fashion, thereby allowing high data compression (an output rate of 3 × 100Hz × 8bits = 2.4kbs-1 is more than sufficient for anticipated applications). We present circuit simulations of the archi ...
... may use an analog decoding and learning architecture to compute such a filter in a power-efficient analog fashion, thereby allowing high data compression (an output rate of 3 × 100Hz × 8bits = 2.4kbs-1 is more than sufficient for anticipated applications). We present circuit simulations of the archi ...
doc Lecuter and chapter notes
... release zone: the part of the terminal button where vesicles filled with neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft postsynaptic potential: the potential generated by the release of a neurotransmitter that affects an axon’s firing rate caused by the binding of neurotransmitters to neurot ...
... release zone: the part of the terminal button where vesicles filled with neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft postsynaptic potential: the potential generated by the release of a neurotransmitter that affects an axon’s firing rate caused by the binding of neurotransmitters to neurot ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... the shoulder was much weaker than the neuronal response during the active push and did not correlate with the spatial tuning during the active push; i.e., a neuron could be most active when the monkey pressed the lower target, but only started to discharge when the arm was passively lifted up well a ...
... the shoulder was much weaker than the neuronal response during the active push and did not correlate with the spatial tuning during the active push; i.e., a neuron could be most active when the monkey pressed the lower target, but only started to discharge when the arm was passively lifted up well a ...
Williams Syndrome Neuronal Size and Neuronal-Packing Density in Primary Visual Cortex
... the opposite. Specifically, although the peripheral visual cortex was found to be abnormal in WMS-affected brains, parvocellular sublayers in the left hemisphere only were involved. In the primate visual system, there are structural and functional distinctions between 2 relatively segregated and ind ...
... the opposite. Specifically, although the peripheral visual cortex was found to be abnormal in WMS-affected brains, parvocellular sublayers in the left hemisphere only were involved. In the primate visual system, there are structural and functional distinctions between 2 relatively segregated and ind ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... dominated by error neurons (Friston, 2009; Wacongne et al., 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of ...
... dominated by error neurons (Friston, 2009; Wacongne et al., 2012; Egner et al., 2010; Keller et al., 2012; Meyer and Sauerland, 2009). The result is that the classic signature of predictive coding, reduced activity to predictable stimuli, is typically observed when averaging across large samples of ...
A monument of inefficiency: The presumed course of the recurrent
... lowing reflex involves coordination of laryngeal contraction, governed by the extremely long RLN, with contraction of the pharynx under the control of the much shorter (<1 m) superior laryngeal nerve, which takes a more direct path from the brainstem to the larynx. In sauropods, this coordination ma ...
... lowing reflex involves coordination of laryngeal contraction, governed by the extremely long RLN, with contraction of the pharynx under the control of the much shorter (<1 m) superior laryngeal nerve, which takes a more direct path from the brainstem to the larynx. In sauropods, this coordination ma ...
Bipolar neurons in rat visual cortex: A combined
... cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these cortices it contains neurons with simple and complex visual receptive fields (Madar, 1 ...
... cortex. This cortex may lack the functional columns of neurons present in visual cortices such as those of the cat (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1963) and monkey (for example, Hubel & Wiesel, 1977), but like these cortices it contains neurons with simple and complex visual receptive fields (Madar, 1 ...
Inhibition of Notch Signaling in Human Embryonic Stem CellDerived
... protocols for the derivation of neural cell types from hESCs have been published [1, 2]. Our group has established a homogeneous population of long-term self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs) from hESCs (lt-hESNSCs) that are propagated continuously in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 ...
... protocols for the derivation of neural cell types from hESCs have been published [1, 2]. Our group has established a homogeneous population of long-term self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs) from hESCs (lt-hESNSCs) that are propagated continuously in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
Gradual increase in neuronal density of rats
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
... 13. Meyer G, Albus K. Topography and cortical projections of morphologically identified neurons in the visual thalamus of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 201: 353-374. 14. Hitchcock PF, Hickey TL. Morphology of C-laminae neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat: a Golgi ...
UNDERSTANDING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL CHANGES IN TERMS OF NERNST POTENTIALS:
... conductance to sodium goes back to its original value, the membrane potential will return to the resting potential. If the neuron is at resting potential (-70mV) and the conductance to potassium increases, the membrane potential will be hyperpolarized (it will move toward -90mV). Transmission along ...
... conductance to sodium goes back to its original value, the membrane potential will return to the resting potential. If the neuron is at resting potential (-70mV) and the conductance to potassium increases, the membrane potential will be hyperpolarized (it will move toward -90mV). Transmission along ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone within a very short time. The time-to-reward for the conditioned neurons soon decreased and exhibited significant difference compared to that for non-conditioned neurons. Th ...
... The firing rates of conditioned neurons increased instantaneously after a trial onset and the bottle entered the drinking zone within a very short time. The time-to-reward for the conditioned neurons soon decreased and exhibited significant difference compared to that for non-conditioned neurons. Th ...
Ultrastructure of Glial Cells in the Nervous System of Grillotia
... form mixed-type junctions, including zones of chemical and electric synapses. In the chemical synapse zone, clear ovoid vesicles are revealed, while in the electrical synapse zone, a desmosome-like contact is observed; mitochondria are adjacent to one of the areas of contacting membranes. Most small ...
... form mixed-type junctions, including zones of chemical and electric synapses. In the chemical synapse zone, clear ovoid vesicles are revealed, while in the electrical synapse zone, a desmosome-like contact is observed; mitochondria are adjacent to one of the areas of contacting membranes. Most small ...
Living scaffolds for neuroregeneration
... The field of regenerative medicine encompasses the use of biomaterials, cell replacement strategies, and tissue engineering to promote regeneration following injury or disease. Biomaterials can provide 3-D structure for host cell infiltration and organization, and may also serve as a means for drug ad ...
... The field of regenerative medicine encompasses the use of biomaterials, cell replacement strategies, and tissue engineering to promote regeneration following injury or disease. Biomaterials can provide 3-D structure for host cell infiltration and organization, and may also serve as a means for drug ad ...
Distinct Isoforms of the RFX Transcription Factor DAF
... such as food, dauer pheromone, or nose touch (Perkins et al., 1986). Nevertheless, in the laboratory daf-19 mutants are viable and thus a suitable model to study ciliogenesis. We and others have identified a large number of direct DAF-19 target genes based on the presence of the x-box promoter seque ...
... such as food, dauer pheromone, or nose touch (Perkins et al., 1986). Nevertheless, in the laboratory daf-19 mutants are viable and thus a suitable model to study ciliogenesis. We and others have identified a large number of direct DAF-19 target genes based on the presence of the x-box promoter seque ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.