trans - RUF International
... One possible geometry for the loop may be using the reentry paths (Edelman) between Thalamus and Cortex. They are long enough to satisfy the 50 mm length criterion caused by the absolute refractory period for neurons. This may be part of the explanation why only large animals seem to be conscious. I ...
... One possible geometry for the loop may be using the reentry paths (Edelman) between Thalamus and Cortex. They are long enough to satisfy the 50 mm length criterion caused by the absolute refractory period for neurons. This may be part of the explanation why only large animals seem to be conscious. I ...
Synchrony between Neurons with Similar Muscle Fields in Monkey
... shape of effects, and that the measure is unbiased by total spike count. In addition, 5 ms is close to the membrane time constant of motoneurons (Zengel et al., 1985), so this measure should have some relevance to the physiological consequences of synchrony at the spinal level. Spike-Triggered Avera ...
... shape of effects, and that the measure is unbiased by total spike count. In addition, 5 ms is close to the membrane time constant of motoneurons (Zengel et al., 1985), so this measure should have some relevance to the physiological consequences of synchrony at the spinal level. Spike-Triggered Avera ...
chapter1
... – Does not account difference in vitro and in vivo: neurons are not Poisson generators – Accuracy of timing (between trials) often higher than Poisson – Variance of ISI often higher than Poisson ...
... – Does not account difference in vitro and in vivo: neurons are not Poisson generators – Accuracy of timing (between trials) often higher than Poisson – Variance of ISI often higher than Poisson ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... significantly reduced (black), increased (white) or did not change (gray) their UCS-evoked responses between the first (early) and last (late) conditioning trial block. ...
... significantly reduced (black), increased (white) or did not change (gray) their UCS-evoked responses between the first (early) and last (late) conditioning trial block. ...
Word`s - Semiosis Evolution Energy
... individual neurons to become exclusively selective or ‘tuned’ to respond to highly specific (often individual) colours, shapes, movements and particular biological stimuli such as fingers, faces and mouths (cf: Livingstone, Hubel 1987; Perret, Mistlin, Chitty 1987; Hubel 1988; Kandel, Schwartz, Jes ...
... individual neurons to become exclusively selective or ‘tuned’ to respond to highly specific (often individual) colours, shapes, movements and particular biological stimuli such as fingers, faces and mouths (cf: Livingstone, Hubel 1987; Perret, Mistlin, Chitty 1987; Hubel 1988; Kandel, Schwartz, Jes ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... hypothalamic areas in ad libitum fed control rats, as well as in fasted rats. Following refeeding, the number of Fos expressing cells increased throughout the DMH, however, one well circumscribed region in the nucleus, contained a particularly high density of activated cells throughout the rostro-ca ...
... hypothalamic areas in ad libitum fed control rats, as well as in fasted rats. Following refeeding, the number of Fos expressing cells increased throughout the DMH, however, one well circumscribed region in the nucleus, contained a particularly high density of activated cells throughout the rostro-ca ...
Suppression of Cathepsins B and L Causes a Proliferation of
... are normally seen only in the aged brain. These include an accumulation of lipofuscin (Ivy et al., 1984, 1989a; Nunomura and Miyagishi, 1993), a build-up of abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins in neuronal perikarya and dendrites (Ivy et al., 1989b; Takauchi and Miyoshi, 1995), increased levels of ...
... are normally seen only in the aged brain. These include an accumulation of lipofuscin (Ivy et al., 1984, 1989a; Nunomura and Miyagishi, 1993), a build-up of abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins in neuronal perikarya and dendrites (Ivy et al., 1989b; Takauchi and Miyoshi, 1995), increased levels of ...
- Abdel Hamid Derm Atlas
... @ Melanin are polymorphous & multifunctional biopolymers that include eumelanin, pheomelanin , mixed melanin (combination of eumelanin & pheomelanin) & neuromelanin. Due to chemical structure of melanocyte in substantia nigra , we find that both eumelanin & pheomelanin are involved in binding to cat ...
... @ Melanin are polymorphous & multifunctional biopolymers that include eumelanin, pheomelanin , mixed melanin (combination of eumelanin & pheomelanin) & neuromelanin. Due to chemical structure of melanocyte in substantia nigra , we find that both eumelanin & pheomelanin are involved in binding to cat ...
The Nervous System Organization of the Nervous System
... Brain contains 4 ventricles (hollow chambers) filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Two larger lateral ventricles located in each cerebral hemisphere. Third ventricle located in diencephalon. Fourth ventricle located within brain stem and is continuous with spinal canal. Cerebrospinal fluid important for ...
... Brain contains 4 ventricles (hollow chambers) filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Two larger lateral ventricles located in each cerebral hemisphere. Third ventricle located in diencephalon. Fourth ventricle located within brain stem and is continuous with spinal canal. Cerebrospinal fluid important for ...
Biology and Behavior
... 4. Axons are covered in myelin, (myelin sheath) which helps insulate and protect the axon, and also helps speed up the transmission of the message. 5. At the end of the axon are small fibers that branch out called axon terminals. 6. Axon terminals act like a button, and they release the message acro ...
... 4. Axons are covered in myelin, (myelin sheath) which helps insulate and protect the axon, and also helps speed up the transmission of the message. 5. At the end of the axon are small fibers that branch out called axon terminals. 6. Axon terminals act like a button, and they release the message acro ...
Chapter 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior
... The "all or none law" refers to the fact that ______. a. all the neurons in a single nerve fire simultaneously or not at all b. all the neurons in a particular area of the brain fire simultaneously or not at all c. a neuron fires at full strength or not at all d. all the dendrites on a neuron must r ...
... The "all or none law" refers to the fact that ______. a. all the neurons in a single nerve fire simultaneously or not at all b. all the neurons in a particular area of the brain fire simultaneously or not at all c. a neuron fires at full strength or not at all d. all the dendrites on a neuron must r ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
02 The Visual System
... Identifying & assigning meaning to objects II. Hierarchy of complex receptive fields A. Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light B. Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity C. Extrastriate cortical areas ...
... Identifying & assigning meaning to objects II. Hierarchy of complex receptive fields A. Retinal ganglion cells: Center-surround structure, Sensitive to contrast, and wavelength of light B. Striate cortex: Orientation selectivity, direction selectivity, and binocularity C. Extrastriate cortical areas ...
Canonical Neural Models1
... (saddle) approaches the rest state (node), they coalesce and annihilate each other leaving only limit cycle attractor. The oscillation on the attractor has two time scales: slow transition through the “ghost” of the saddle-node bifurcation and fast rotation along the rest of the limit cycle. • Class ...
... (saddle) approaches the rest state (node), they coalesce and annihilate each other leaving only limit cycle attractor. The oscillation on the attractor has two time scales: slow transition through the “ghost” of the saddle-node bifurcation and fast rotation along the rest of the limit cycle. • Class ...
48_Lectures_PPT
... The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane. In this way, local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon. ...
... The depolarization-repolarization process is repeated in the next region of the membrane. In this way, local currents of ions across the plasma membrane cause the action potential to be propagated along the length of the axon. ...
Activation Models
... Yk 1 S ( X k ) M ( 5 4 3) new signal state vector at time k+1 equals: ...
... Yk 1 S ( X k ) M ( 5 4 3) new signal state vector at time k+1 equals: ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... inserted into pCMS cut with EcoRI, blunted, and cut with NotI. This yields a His6-myc-Kal-GEF1 construct under the control of the CMV promoter (May et al., 2002). pCMS-GFP-Kal-antisense. PCR primers were designed to excise the fragment encoding E 738-LFHERK to KEYGE-F 1150 of Kalirin-7 with NotI–Spe ...
... inserted into pCMS cut with EcoRI, blunted, and cut with NotI. This yields a His6-myc-Kal-GEF1 construct under the control of the CMV promoter (May et al., 2002). pCMS-GFP-Kal-antisense. PCR primers were designed to excise the fragment encoding E 738-LFHERK to KEYGE-F 1150 of Kalirin-7 with NotI–Spe ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... (mo) and the movement end (me) with a thresholdcrossing criterion (4 cm/s) on the speed. The psychophysics was analyzed using a correlation coefficient, as previously described (Shadmehr and Mussa-Ivaldi 1994; Li et al. 2001). In each session, we derived an ideal speed profile u(t), separately for each ...
... (mo) and the movement end (me) with a thresholdcrossing criterion (4 cm/s) on the speed. The psychophysics was analyzed using a correlation coefficient, as previously described (Shadmehr and Mussa-Ivaldi 1994; Li et al. 2001). In each session, we derived an ideal speed profile u(t), separately for each ...
PDF
... of two opsins along its dorsoventral axis. However, it is not clear whether and how this expression pattern is reflected in the cortical representation at local (several hundred microns) and areal (V1) level. Using in vivo two-photon calcium (Ca2+ ) imaging and wide-field Ca2+ imaging, we revealed t ...
... of two opsins along its dorsoventral axis. However, it is not clear whether and how this expression pattern is reflected in the cortical representation at local (several hundred microns) and areal (V1) level. Using in vivo two-photon calcium (Ca2+ ) imaging and wide-field Ca2+ imaging, we revealed t ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... • Decide to -- Alternative actions (can be identified with choosing) • Decide that -- Alternative categories (not identified with choosing) ...
... • Decide to -- Alternative actions (can be identified with choosing) • Decide that -- Alternative categories (not identified with choosing) ...
Robbins etal (J Biol Chem corr)
... Curiously, the only known proteins to contain hypusine in eukaryotic cells are eIF5A1 and eIF5A2 (15). Islet β cells contain only eIF5A1, which is a 17 kDa RNA binding protein that is required for G1-S cell cycle progression and certain stress responses (13,16). SiRNA-mediated depletion of eIF5A1 pr ...
... Curiously, the only known proteins to contain hypusine in eukaryotic cells are eIF5A1 and eIF5A2 (15). Islet β cells contain only eIF5A1, which is a 17 kDa RNA binding protein that is required for G1-S cell cycle progression and certain stress responses (13,16). SiRNA-mediated depletion of eIF5A1 pr ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.