3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and
... Methyl groups are on opposite faces of the ring One trans conformation has both methyl groups equatorial and only a gauche butane interaction between methyls (3.8 kJ/mol) and no 1,3-diaxial interactions The ring-flipped conformation has both methyl groups axial with four 1,3diaxial interactions Ster ...
... Methyl groups are on opposite faces of the ring One trans conformation has both methyl groups equatorial and only a gauche butane interaction between methyls (3.8 kJ/mol) and no 1,3-diaxial interactions The ring-flipped conformation has both methyl groups axial with four 1,3diaxial interactions Ster ...
Descriptive Chemistry for the Final Exam
... In isomer A, the Cl’s are across (trans) the double bond and in isomer B, the Cl’s are on the same side (cis) of the double bond. A and B are geometric isomers. For geometric isomers, the two functional groups or substituents must be on different sp2 carbons. For isomer C, the two Cl’s are on the sa ...
... In isomer A, the Cl’s are across (trans) the double bond and in isomer B, the Cl’s are on the same side (cis) of the double bond. A and B are geometric isomers. For geometric isomers, the two functional groups or substituents must be on different sp2 carbons. For isomer C, the two Cl’s are on the sa ...
Drawing Organic Structures Functional Groups
... • Two –OH groups is a diol; 3 is a triol • Two adjacent –OH groups is a glycol • Name as acyclic alcohols, except keep the “-e” suffix and add “-diol” • Indicate numbers for all –OH groups • Unsaturated alcohols (enol or ynol) 1. Parent chain contains carbon bonded to –OH and both carbons of C=C or ...
... • Two –OH groups is a diol; 3 is a triol • Two adjacent –OH groups is a glycol • Name as acyclic alcohols, except keep the “-e” suffix and add “-diol” • Indicate numbers for all –OH groups • Unsaturated alcohols (enol or ynol) 1. Parent chain contains carbon bonded to –OH and both carbons of C=C or ...
Name of alkane Chemical formula Displayed formula Methane CH4
... atoms; alkanes are examples of saturated compounds. An unsaturated compound is one that has at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms. Alkenes are examples of unsaturated compounds. Polymerisation: Additional polymerisation is the process where lots of monomer alkene monomers react to g ...
... atoms; alkanes are examples of saturated compounds. An unsaturated compound is one that has at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms. Alkenes are examples of unsaturated compounds. Polymerisation: Additional polymerisation is the process where lots of monomer alkene monomers react to g ...
eprint_1_2917_493
... water and energy . They supply the major portion of energy required by living cells . Brain cells and RBCs are almost wholly dependent on carbohydrates as energy source . 2. Certain products of carbohydrate metabolism act as catalysts to promote oxidation of foodstuffs . 3. Certain carbohydrates are ...
... water and energy . They supply the major portion of energy required by living cells . Brain cells and RBCs are almost wholly dependent on carbohydrates as energy source . 2. Certain products of carbohydrate metabolism act as catalysts to promote oxidation of foodstuffs . 3. Certain carbohydrates are ...
Biologists nowadays depend upon chemists for
... Biologists nowadays depend upon chemists for much of their understanding of life and the life processes. Therefore, an understanding of some chemical concepts important to living things is necessary. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids are the four major groups of organic molecules found ...
... Biologists nowadays depend upon chemists for much of their understanding of life and the life processes. Therefore, an understanding of some chemical concepts important to living things is necessary. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins and nucleic acids are the four major groups of organic molecules found ...
Document
... Groups 5A (15), 6A (16), and 7A (17) is high. Rather than lose electrons to form ions, a nonmetal atom will gain one or more electrons to obtain a stable electron configuration. ...
... Groups 5A (15), 6A (16), and 7A (17) is high. Rather than lose electrons to form ions, a nonmetal atom will gain one or more electrons to obtain a stable electron configuration. ...
File
... Groups 5A (15), 6A (16), and 7A (17) is high. Rather than lose electrons to form ions, a nonmetal atom will gain one or more electrons to obtain a stable electron configuration. ...
... Groups 5A (15), 6A (16), and 7A (17) is high. Rather than lose electrons to form ions, a nonmetal atom will gain one or more electrons to obtain a stable electron configuration. ...
Classifying Intermolecular Forces
... groups, also form hydrogen bonds. Molecules of many organic compounds such as alcohols, acids, amines, and amino acids contain these groups, and thus hydrogen bonding plays an important role in biological science. Intermediate dipole-dipole forces Substances whose molecules have a permanent dipole m ...
... groups, also form hydrogen bonds. Molecules of many organic compounds such as alcohols, acids, amines, and amino acids contain these groups, and thus hydrogen bonding plays an important role in biological science. Intermediate dipole-dipole forces Substances whose molecules have a permanent dipole m ...
Chapter 12
... Assign a base name that corresponds to the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain. Thus, the name of the isomer of butane in the left-hand structure shown above should rightly be butane because there are four carbon atoms in its backbone. The isomer depicted in the right-hand structure has only ...
... Assign a base name that corresponds to the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain. Thus, the name of the isomer of butane in the left-hand structure shown above should rightly be butane because there are four carbon atoms in its backbone. The isomer depicted in the right-hand structure has only ...
2010 Fall Final key
... 35. Look at the front screen in the lecture hall and answer the following questions. (1 point each) a. Does this image represent an alkane, alkene, alkyne, arene (aromatic), alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, amine, or amide? alcohol b. Does this image represent an alkane, al ...
... 35. Look at the front screen in the lecture hall and answer the following questions. (1 point each) a. Does this image represent an alkane, alkene, alkyne, arene (aromatic), alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, ether, ester, amine, or amide? alcohol b. Does this image represent an alkane, al ...
Gaussian_calculations
... I want to create (CH2)3C, which is planar and has the maximum D3h symmetry. The first hurdle is to create this structure. Pay attention! The central atom is like an aromatic carbon. I started by making the structure (CH3)C(CH2)2, (using a center aromatic C, two sp2 carbons and one sp3 carbon) then d ...
... I want to create (CH2)3C, which is planar and has the maximum D3h symmetry. The first hurdle is to create this structure. Pay attention! The central atom is like an aromatic carbon. I started by making the structure (CH3)C(CH2)2, (using a center aromatic C, two sp2 carbons and one sp3 carbon) then d ...
KIMIA ORGANIK FISIK
... adjacent atoms, we add and subtract the atomic orbitals on the adjacent atoms, which are aligned to overlap with each other. • Consider methane, CH4. The sp3 hybrid orbitals of carbon each point to a 1s orbital of hydrogen and, therefore, we add and subtract these atomic orbitals to create molecular ...
... adjacent atoms, we add and subtract the atomic orbitals on the adjacent atoms, which are aligned to overlap with each other. • Consider methane, CH4. The sp3 hybrid orbitals of carbon each point to a 1s orbital of hydrogen and, therefore, we add and subtract these atomic orbitals to create molecular ...
MAIN GROUP ORGANOMETALLICS Dr. S. Draper 8 lecture course
... Remember that e- deficient compounds were seen for Li, Be, B. When four coordinate there are not enough valence e- for 2C 2e- bonds. Here see 3 centre -2 electron bonds (cf. B2H6 and Al2Me6 with 3 electrons on B and Al. These can form dimers). Species extremely reactive – hydrolyse, explosive in pre ...
... Remember that e- deficient compounds were seen for Li, Be, B. When four coordinate there are not enough valence e- for 2C 2e- bonds. Here see 3 centre -2 electron bonds (cf. B2H6 and Al2Me6 with 3 electrons on B and Al. These can form dimers). Species extremely reactive – hydrolyse, explosive in pre ...
Chemistry
... Alkynes: comparison of the reactivity of C-C and C=C; Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen (-C-CH), addition reactions. II. Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sources: Physical characteristics structure of Benzene and the concept of Armaticity; Huckel Rule. Electrophilic substitution reactions. Orientation and reacti ...
... Alkynes: comparison of the reactivity of C-C and C=C; Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen (-C-CH), addition reactions. II. Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sources: Physical characteristics structure of Benzene and the concept of Armaticity; Huckel Rule. Electrophilic substitution reactions. Orientation and reacti ...
Prof_Elias_Inorg_lec_6
... Or at step 3 direct reaction with acyl chloride instead of MeI. Step 1 other reducing agents e.g. AlEt3 can also be used. ...
... Or at step 3 direct reaction with acyl chloride instead of MeI. Step 1 other reducing agents e.g. AlEt3 can also be used. ...
PowerPoint
... bacteria and plants and exoskeletons of invertebrates, and they serve as energy storage. Carbohydrates are the starting materials for many organic compounds like fats and amino acids. Example: Glucose C6H12O6 ...
... bacteria and plants and exoskeletons of invertebrates, and they serve as energy storage. Carbohydrates are the starting materials for many organic compounds like fats and amino acids. Example: Glucose C6H12O6 ...
Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some flat rings of atoms. These structures contain a number of double bonds that interact with each other according to certain rules. As a result of their being so stable, such rings tend to form easily, and once formed, tend to be difficult to break in chemical reactions. Since one of the most commonly encountered aromatic system of compounds in organic chemistry is based on derivatives of the prototypical aromatic compound benzene (common in petroleum), the word “aromatic” is occasionally used to refer informally to benzene derivatives, and this is how it was first defined. Nevertheless, many non-benzene aromatic compounds exist. In living organisms, for example, the most common aromatic rings are the double-ringed bases in RNA and DNA.The earliest use of the term “aromatic” was in an article by August Wilhelm Hofmann in 1855. Hofmann used the term for a class of benzene compounds, many of which do have odors (unlike pure saturated hydrocarbons). Today, there is no general relationship between aromaticity as a chemical property and the olfactory properties of such compounds, although in 1855, before the structure of benzene or organic compounds was understood, chemists like Hofmann were beginning to understand that odiferous molecules from plants, such as terpenes, had chemical properties we recognize today are similar to unsaturated petroleum hydrocarbons like benzene.In terms of the electronic nature of the molecule, aromaticity describes the way a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs of electrons, or empty molecular orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. Aromaticity can be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by August Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to produce six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization.