The Plasmasphere Boundary Layer
... (1967), wherein plasmapause formation was discussed in terms of the separatrix between the electric field induced in the magnetosphere by the solar wind and the field associated with the terrestrial dynamo. Dungey argued: “in reality the flow must be quite variable, being greatly enhanced during dis ...
... (1967), wherein plasmapause formation was discussed in terms of the separatrix between the electric field induced in the magnetosphere by the solar wind and the field associated with the terrestrial dynamo. Dungey argued: “in reality the flow must be quite variable, being greatly enhanced during dis ...
Spinor Bose-Einstein gases
... superfluid [9, 10]. This fluid is an example of a “scalar superfluid” because its order parameter is a single complex number: the ground state is described by a single complex number everywhere, while its dynamics are described by a complex number assigned to each point in space (a scalar field). Th ...
... superfluid [9, 10]. This fluid is an example of a “scalar superfluid” because its order parameter is a single complex number: the ground state is described by a single complex number everywhere, while its dynamics are described by a complex number assigned to each point in space (a scalar field). Th ...
Electronic structure of Mn ions in „Ga,Mn…As - Paul-Drude
... 2⌬ d-h line decreases by approximately a factor of 5 with increasing temperature in the range 5 –200 K 共see solid circles in Fig. 3兲. A similar line, with a Raman shift of 34 cm⫺1 at T⫽4 K and HWHM of ␦ ⫽15 cm⫺1 , was also detected in a Mn-doped GaAs sample with N Mn⬃1.2 ⫻1018 cm⫺1 . However, its Ra ...
... 2⌬ d-h line decreases by approximately a factor of 5 with increasing temperature in the range 5 –200 K 共see solid circles in Fig. 3兲. A similar line, with a Raman shift of 34 cm⫺1 at T⫽4 K and HWHM of ␦ ⫽15 cm⫺1 , was also detected in a Mn-doped GaAs sample with N Mn⬃1.2 ⫻1018 cm⫺1 . However, its Ra ...
Landau Theory of Phase Transitions
... temperature in zero applied magnetic field. Above the critical temperature Tc , the magnetization is zero, whereas below the critical temperature the magnetization becomes nonzero. On the right is a phase diagram of a ferromagnet plotted in the Magnetic field-Temperature plane. Above the critical te ...
... temperature in zero applied magnetic field. Above the critical temperature Tc , the magnetization is zero, whereas below the critical temperature the magnetization becomes nonzero. On the right is a phase diagram of a ferromagnet plotted in the Magnetic field-Temperature plane. Above the critical te ...
1920
... come nearly in contact and may Under such conditions, only very stable nuclei would be expected to survive the collision and it is thus of great interest to examine whether evidence can possibly penetrate each other's structure. ...
... come nearly in contact and may Under such conditions, only very stable nuclei would be expected to survive the collision and it is thus of great interest to examine whether evidence can possibly penetrate each other's structure. ...
Document
... In every area of human endeavour the future offers dazzling capabilities for exploring and understanding ourselves and the world about us. The question is in fact not so much what we will learn, but rather what shall we do with the incredible mountains of knowledge we are at this very moment heaping ...
... In every area of human endeavour the future offers dazzling capabilities for exploring and understanding ourselves and the world about us. The question is in fact not so much what we will learn, but rather what shall we do with the incredible mountains of knowledge we are at this very moment heaping ...
Biocompatibility evaluation of nickel
... For orthopedic biomaterial applications, the two properties of major importance are strength (mechanical) and reactivity (chemical). Generally, there are two basic mechanical demands for the material and design of the implant. Service stresses must be safely below the yield strength of the material, ...
... For orthopedic biomaterial applications, the two properties of major importance are strength (mechanical) and reactivity (chemical). Generally, there are two basic mechanical demands for the material and design of the implant. Service stresses must be safely below the yield strength of the material, ...
Dark Weak Force and Condensed Matter Contents
... A direct support for partial darkness of water comes from the H1.5 O chemical formula supported by neutron and electron diffraction in attosecond time scale. The explanation would be that one fourth of protons combine to form super-nuclei with protons connected by color bonds and having distance suf ...
... A direct support for partial darkness of water comes from the H1.5 O chemical formula supported by neutron and electron diffraction in attosecond time scale. The explanation would be that one fourth of protons combine to form super-nuclei with protons connected by color bonds and having distance suf ...
Sample pages - International Union of Crystallography
... 2.1. Phonons (G. Eckold) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...
... 2.1. Phonons (G. Eckold) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...
Drude theory. Conductivity of metals. Scattering. Matthiessen`s and
... Cu-Au alloys. The quenched sample (dashed curve) is obtained by quenching the liquid and has the Cu and Au atoms randomly mixed. The resistivity obeys the Nordheim rule. On the other hand, when the quenched sample is annealed or the liquid slowly cooled (solid curve), certain compositions (Cu3Au and ...
... Cu-Au alloys. The quenched sample (dashed curve) is obtained by quenching the liquid and has the Cu and Au atoms randomly mixed. The resistivity obeys the Nordheim rule. On the other hand, when the quenched sample is annealed or the liquid slowly cooled (solid curve), certain compositions (Cu3Au and ...
"Plans for the creation and studies of electron-positron plasmas in a stellarator" New Journal of Physics 14, 2012 T Sunn Pedersen, J R Danielson, C Hugenschmidt, G Marx, X Sarasola, F Schauer, L Schweikhard, C. M. Surko, and E Winkler (PDF)
... including explorations of basic wave physics [2], reconnection [3–5] and nonlinear phenomena such as solitons [6, 7]. However, no experimental study of pair plasma has been carried out so far. Such an investigation would not only reveal fundamental plasma physics, but also be of direct relevance for ...
... including explorations of basic wave physics [2], reconnection [3–5] and nonlinear phenomena such as solitons [6, 7]. However, no experimental study of pair plasma has been carried out so far. Such an investigation would not only reveal fundamental plasma physics, but also be of direct relevance for ...
PDF only
... Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) [2], TGEMs [3], Micromegas [4], and Bulk Micromegas [5], have evolved over the last 20 years and are now routinely used within large volume targets due to their high spatial resolution, small thermal mass and physical size, low radioimpurity concentration and flexible ...
... Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) [2], TGEMs [3], Micromegas [4], and Bulk Micromegas [5], have evolved over the last 20 years and are now routinely used within large volume targets due to their high spatial resolution, small thermal mass and physical size, low radioimpurity concentration and flexible ...
Experimental Study of the Hot Electron
... the key elements in the stability analysis. We have calculated the gradient change for the standard shot and found that gradient reversal is achieved. Experimentally, stability of the plasma does not require gradient reversal because the equilibrium is stable at all ...
... the key elements in the stability analysis. We have calculated the gradient change for the standard shot and found that gradient reversal is achieved. Experimentally, stability of the plasma does not require gradient reversal because the equilibrium is stable at all ...
Theory of plasmonic waves on a chain of metallic
... Small metal particles have long been known to exhibit resonant excitations known as “particle” or “surface” plasmons. Such particles, if they have dimensions small compared to the wavelength of light, can exhibit sharp optical absorption peaks, which are typically in the near-infrared or the visible ...
... Small metal particles have long been known to exhibit resonant excitations known as “particle” or “surface” plasmons. Such particles, if they have dimensions small compared to the wavelength of light, can exhibit sharp optical absorption peaks, which are typically in the near-infrared or the visible ...
Lecture 11 Notes
... Intermolecular forces explain many properties of liquids. (a) Molecules at the surface interact with other surface molecules and with molecules directly below the surface. (b) Molecules in the ...
... Intermolecular forces explain many properties of liquids. (a) Molecules at the surface interact with other surface molecules and with molecules directly below the surface. (b) Molecules in the ...
Review of Thermodynamics
... The intensive thermodynamic parameters of a homogeneous system are the same everywhere within the system, whereas an inhomogeneous system exhibits spatial variations in one or more of its parameters. Under some circumstances an inhomogeneous system may consist of several distinct phases of the same ...
... The intensive thermodynamic parameters of a homogeneous system are the same everywhere within the system, whereas an inhomogeneous system exhibits spatial variations in one or more of its parameters. Under some circumstances an inhomogeneous system may consist of several distinct phases of the same ...
Calorimetry - NC State University
... If we lower the temperature below 373 K (for example to 372 K) then water no longer boils. We can say that the reaction is defined at the standard state of 1 bar (or 1 atm in practice) of pressure. A reaction can take place at concentrations other than the standard state, but there will be a depende ...
... If we lower the temperature below 373 K (for example to 372 K) then water no longer boils. We can say that the reaction is defined at the standard state of 1 bar (or 1 atm in practice) of pressure. A reaction can take place at concentrations other than the standard state, but there will be a depende ...
temperature 2015 10 13
... Name all places of hotness by a single, positive, continuous variable. • Theory of thermal contact • Refinements and applications ...
... Name all places of hotness by a single, positive, continuous variable. • Theory of thermal contact • Refinements and applications ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).