12 Cavity QED
... Cavity-QED effects have first been studied in the microwave regime using Rydberg atoms. We have discussed various experiments in previous chapters. Rydberg atoms provide a very large dipole moment, and thus couple strongly to the electromagnetic field. It is also possible to make superconducting mic ...
... Cavity-QED effects have first been studied in the microwave regime using Rydberg atoms. We have discussed various experiments in previous chapters. Rydberg atoms provide a very large dipole moment, and thus couple strongly to the electromagnetic field. It is also possible to make superconducting mic ...
T F G P
... by instead using pulsed and energetic ion fluxes. In this licentiate thesis the physical processes that determine microstructure and morphology of thin films grown using pulsed and highly ionized vapor fluxes are investigated. The underlying physics that determines the initial film growth stages (i. ...
... by instead using pulsed and energetic ion fluxes. In this licentiate thesis the physical processes that determine microstructure and morphology of thin films grown using pulsed and highly ionized vapor fluxes are investigated. The underlying physics that determines the initial film growth stages (i. ...
"Radial compression and torque-balanced steady states of single-component plasmas in Penning-Malmberg traps" Physics of Plasmas 13 (2006), 055706 J. R. Danielson and C. M. Surko (PDF)
... Penning-Malmberg traps provide an excellent method to confine single-component plasmas. Specially tailored, high-density plasmas can be created in these devices by the application of azimuthally phased rf fields 共i.e., the so-called “rotating wall” technique兲. Recently, we reported a regime of compr ...
... Penning-Malmberg traps provide an excellent method to confine single-component plasmas. Specially tailored, high-density plasmas can be created in these devices by the application of azimuthally phased rf fields 共i.e., the so-called “rotating wall” technique兲. Recently, we reported a regime of compr ...
Including the effects of pressure and stress in thermodynamic functions
... linked to the non-equilibrium microstructure and chemical composition this connection is often established by experience. The mechanical properties of materials are essential ...
... linked to the non-equilibrium microstructure and chemical composition this connection is often established by experience. The mechanical properties of materials are essential ...
Chapter IV- Electrical and Magnetic properties of ME
... electrical properties. Composite materials are formed from combination of two or more single phase compounds. Physical properties of composites are determined by the properties of their constituent phases and the interaction between them. Composite have some properties which give rise to sum of thei ...
... electrical properties. Composite materials are formed from combination of two or more single phase compounds. Physical properties of composites are determined by the properties of their constituent phases and the interaction between them. Composite have some properties which give rise to sum of thei ...
Angle Dependence of the Orbital Magnetoresistance in Bismuth
... mobility were a scalar, no angular variation would arise. Large angular oscillations are visible even at room temperature and in fields as small as 0.7 T in bismuth [14], because carriers have drastically anisotropic mobilities. Our results provide an opportunity to test the semiclassic transport th ...
... mobility were a scalar, no angular variation would arise. Large angular oscillations are visible even at room temperature and in fields as small as 0.7 T in bismuth [14], because carriers have drastically anisotropic mobilities. Our results provide an opportunity to test the semiclassic transport th ...
Extension of the Wu-Jing equation of state (EOS) for highly porous
... the shocked material is a non-ideal plasma; it is called the “non-ideal plasma model.” It is applicable to the high temperature regime or thermoelectron regime discussed in this paper. The shocked porous material is treated as a mixture of electrons, atoms, and ions of different charges interacting ...
... the shocked material is a non-ideal plasma; it is called the “non-ideal plasma model.” It is applicable to the high temperature regime or thermoelectron regime discussed in this paper. The shocked porous material is treated as a mixture of electrons, atoms, and ions of different charges interacting ...
EFFECTS OF THE CHANGES IN SLOPE OCCURRING ON
... albite, they are represented by points not far removed from the field boundary in the system diopsideanorthite-albite. Therefore, although the assemblage albite-l-diopside (with bulk composition close to the field boundary) is not closely related in composition to granites, it is considered useful i ...
... albite, they are represented by points not far removed from the field boundary in the system diopsideanorthite-albite. Therefore, although the assemblage albite-l-diopside (with bulk composition close to the field boundary) is not closely related in composition to granites, it is considered useful i ...
Nernst Effect in Semimetals: The Effective Mass and the Figure of Merit
... Below this temperature, follows a T 3 behavior characteristic of ballistic lattice thermal conductivity. The electronic contribution, which generates a small T-linear term becomes only visible below 0.5 K. The expression aT bT 3 with a 1 W K2 m1 and b 158 W K2 m1 fits the data up to ...
... Below this temperature, follows a T 3 behavior characteristic of ballistic lattice thermal conductivity. The electronic contribution, which generates a small T-linear term becomes only visible below 0.5 K. The expression aT bT 3 with a 1 W K2 m1 and b 158 W K2 m1 fits the data up to ...
Xie, Xiaole
... Liquid metal flows subjected to combine electric and magnetic fields are part of a larger study, which is known as the Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). The concept of MHD is that the magnetic fields can induce currents in a conductive fluid that creates force, which will affect the flow and may even cha ...
... Liquid metal flows subjected to combine electric and magnetic fields are part of a larger study, which is known as the Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD). The concept of MHD is that the magnetic fields can induce currents in a conductive fluid that creates force, which will affect the flow and may even cha ...
High Resolution Flow Doppler Spectroscopy SSX
... so difficult, for are not the laws of classical mechanics and electrodynamics well-established and understood? For even a cubic centimeter of a laboratory plasma which might contain ...
... so difficult, for are not the laws of classical mechanics and electrodynamics well-established and understood? For even a cubic centimeter of a laboratory plasma which might contain ...
A Quantum Similarity Study of Atomic Density Functions: Insights
... with the exception of two papers by Carbó and coworkers [8, 9] and a third one by the present authors [10]. In the first paper [8] atomic self-similarity was studied, whereas the second one [9] contains a relatively short study on atomic and nuclear similarities, leading to the conclusion that atom ...
... with the exception of two papers by Carbó and coworkers [8, 9] and a third one by the present authors [10]. In the first paper [8] atomic self-similarity was studied, whereas the second one [9] contains a relatively short study on atomic and nuclear similarities, leading to the conclusion that atom ...
Statistical Theory of Biaxial Nematic and Cholesteric Phases
... the following conditions: (a) hF00 i > 0; (b) the same order parameters must have the same values in all the ways they are computed; (c) for each configuration at one temperature the order parameters must be as close as possible to the mean value of the order parameters of the previous temperature [ ...
... the following conditions: (a) hF00 i > 0; (b) the same order parameters must have the same values in all the ways they are computed; (c) for each configuration at one temperature the order parameters must be as close as possible to the mean value of the order parameters of the previous temperature [ ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... between the control (0 litres/ha) and the various rates of liquid organic manure explains the role of nutrients for improved growth of these parameters. The increased number of leaves, unit leaf area, total plant leaf area and LAI confirms earlier reports of other researchers (Akanbi et al., 2000; S ...
... between the control (0 litres/ha) and the various rates of liquid organic manure explains the role of nutrients for improved growth of these parameters. The increased number of leaves, unit leaf area, total plant leaf area and LAI confirms earlier reports of other researchers (Akanbi et al., 2000; S ...
Ferroelectric Ceramics - Universiti Sains Malaysia
... single grain, the motion of whose walls increases the dielectric constant at the Curie point. For a BaTiO3 ceramic with fine grains (~ 1 m m), a single domain forms inside each grain. The movement of domain walls are restricted by the grain boundaries, thus leading to a low dielectric constant at th ...
... single grain, the motion of whose walls increases the dielectric constant at the Curie point. For a BaTiO3 ceramic with fine grains (~ 1 m m), a single domain forms inside each grain. The movement of domain walls are restricted by the grain boundaries, thus leading to a low dielectric constant at th ...
Bound and free excitons in ZnO. Optical selection rules Symmetry
... The most easily interpreted evidence for the splitting of atomic energy levels in an external magnetic field is electron spin resonance (ESR)[2]. If atoms in their ground state are placed in a region containing electromagnetic radiation of frequency ν, and a steady magnetic field B is applied to the ...
... The most easily interpreted evidence for the splitting of atomic energy levels in an external magnetic field is electron spin resonance (ESR)[2]. If atoms in their ground state are placed in a region containing electromagnetic radiation of frequency ν, and a steady magnetic field B is applied to the ...
TEXTBOOK: Hewitt, Paul. (2009). Conceptual Physics. Needham
... The nuclear forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together, at nuclear distances, are usually stronger than the electric forces that would make it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy, and they can release much greater amounts of energy t ...
... The nuclear forces that hold the nucleus of an atom together, at nuclear distances, are usually stronger than the electric forces that would make it fly apart. Nuclear reactions convert a fraction of the mass of interacting particles into energy, and they can release much greater amounts of energy t ...
Recent Topics on the Development of Negative Ion Sources for High
... charge-exchanged multi-tum injection with negative ion beam is very useful to increa~e the circulating beam current in a synchrotron. The II" ion sources which have been developed for the accelerators can be divided into two groups according to their II" ion production schemes; one is a surfaceplasm ...
... charge-exchanged multi-tum injection with negative ion beam is very useful to increa~e the circulating beam current in a synchrotron. The II" ion sources which have been developed for the accelerators can be divided into two groups according to their II" ion production schemes; one is a surfaceplasm ...
Handle liquid cyanide safely in a metallurgical plant Level: 3
... This unit standard is intended for those who carry out metallurgical processing operations. People holding credit for this unit standard are able to: Plan and prepare to handle liquid cyanide; demonstrate knowledge relating to the handling of liquid cyanide; conduct pre-operational checks; handle li ...
... This unit standard is intended for those who carry out metallurgical processing operations. People holding credit for this unit standard are able to: Plan and prepare to handle liquid cyanide; demonstrate knowledge relating to the handling of liquid cyanide; conduct pre-operational checks; handle li ...
ABSTRACT Three-Body Recombination and Rydberg Atoms in Ultracold Plasmas
... and a circularly polarized laser beam aligned with the field and anti-parallel to the direction of the atomic beam, reduces the velocities of the room-temperature atoms (about 240 m/s) to velocities a MOT can trap (10-15 m/s). The Zeeman slower beam is detuned about 135 MHz below the 0-Gauss 882 nm ...
... and a circularly polarized laser beam aligned with the field and anti-parallel to the direction of the atomic beam, reduces the velocities of the room-temperature atoms (about 240 m/s) to velocities a MOT can trap (10-15 m/s). The Zeeman slower beam is detuned about 135 MHz below the 0-Gauss 882 nm ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).