Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Conglomerates
... molecular rods are more or less parallel, defining an average uniaxial symmetry on length scales much larger than that of the molecules. Macroscopically, this unique axis is termed the director. On a molecular level the director is not rigorously defined, but the molecular director is typically cons ...
... molecular rods are more or less parallel, defining an average uniaxial symmetry on length scales much larger than that of the molecules. Macroscopically, this unique axis is termed the director. On a molecular level the director is not rigorously defined, but the molecular director is typically cons ...
Ground states of the atoms H, He,...., Ne and their singly positive
... atoms feel a strong nuclear attraction which can be dominated by the external field only for very high field strengths. In view of this there is a need for further quantum mechanical investigations on multi-electron atoms, particularly in the intermediate to high-field regime. The ground states of a ...
... atoms feel a strong nuclear attraction which can be dominated by the external field only for very high field strengths. In view of this there is a need for further quantum mechanical investigations on multi-electron atoms, particularly in the intermediate to high-field regime. The ground states of a ...
Preformulation Studies on Solid Self
... stability of amorphous quinapril hydrochloride after storage at high humidity has been reported (18). Several studies have also been carried out on the amorphization of crystalline drugs by co-grinding with silicates (19). In general, liquid lipid formulations destined to be adsorbed on solid carrie ...
... stability of amorphous quinapril hydrochloride after storage at high humidity has been reported (18). Several studies have also been carried out on the amorphization of crystalline drugs by co-grinding with silicates (19). In general, liquid lipid formulations destined to be adsorbed on solid carrie ...
reactions
... of material; b) fast cooling to sub-liquidus temperature; c) very slow cooling in the critical temperature range to provide the growth crystals in desired direction. In present work the different temperature profiles were investigated and the materials with textured domains were obtained. The differ ...
... of material; b) fast cooling to sub-liquidus temperature; c) very slow cooling in the critical temperature range to provide the growth crystals in desired direction. In present work the different temperature profiles were investigated and the materials with textured domains were obtained. The differ ...
Chapter IV. Ion Acoustic Waves In this and in the following chapters
... known excitation frequency ω via the definition of phase velocity vp = ω/kr. Information about damping is also available in the tone burst data. The spatial damping rate is the inverse distance over which the wave packet amplitude decays by e-1. The tone burst method has the advantages of: 1) Separa ...
... known excitation frequency ω via the definition of phase velocity vp = ω/kr. Information about damping is also available in the tone burst data. The spatial damping rate is the inverse distance over which the wave packet amplitude decays by e-1. The tone burst method has the advantages of: 1) Separa ...
x - carpath - Alexandru Ioan Cuza
... Using a set of coupled equations for concentrations, the dynamic of two discharge plasmas interface is analyzed. The numerical solutions of the concentration breather, concentration breather pairs and the concentration clusters type are obtained. In our opinion, these numerical solutions may be assi ...
... Using a set of coupled equations for concentrations, the dynamic of two discharge plasmas interface is analyzed. The numerical solutions of the concentration breather, concentration breather pairs and the concentration clusters type are obtained. In our opinion, these numerical solutions may be assi ...
Sviluppo di un apparato sperimentale per la realizzazione di un gas
... why all the ultracold atoms experiment use very low densities, of the order of 10−19 m−3 ? The reason can be found observing that almost all elements are solid at temperatures below the K. At those temperatures, measurements must then be performed before the gas ”realizes” that it should be a solid. ...
... why all the ultracold atoms experiment use very low densities, of the order of 10−19 m−3 ? The reason can be found observing that almost all elements are solid at temperatures below the K. At those temperatures, measurements must then be performed before the gas ”realizes” that it should be a solid. ...
The Use of RF Waves in Space Propulsion Systems
... similar thermodynamic limits, since the real limit is the need not to melt the nozzle material. The energies required to break the chemical bonds in refractory nozzle materials are on the same order as the combustion energies. Consequently, externally heated thermal rocket designs with mechanical no ...
... similar thermodynamic limits, since the real limit is the need not to melt the nozzle material. The energies required to break the chemical bonds in refractory nozzle materials are on the same order as the combustion energies. Consequently, externally heated thermal rocket designs with mechanical no ...
Chemical fractionation at environmental interfaces
... acoustic cavitational threshold, the bubbles would overgrow and eventually collapse.36 The transient collapse of bubbles leads to almost adiabatic compression of gas and vapor inside the bubbles, thus creating extremely high temperatures and pressures. The average vapor temperatures within the bubbl ...
... acoustic cavitational threshold, the bubbles would overgrow and eventually collapse.36 The transient collapse of bubbles leads to almost adiabatic compression of gas and vapor inside the bubbles, thus creating extremely high temperatures and pressures. The average vapor temperatures within the bubbl ...
Lecture notes - Theoretical Physics
... 3.1 Electrons in a magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Hamiltonians in classical mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Classical Hamiltonian of a charge in a magnetic field . . 3.1.3 No magnetism in classical physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Quantum Hamiltonian of ...
... 3.1 Electrons in a magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Hamiltonians in classical mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Classical Hamiltonian of a charge in a magnetic field . . 3.1.3 No magnetism in classical physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Quantum Hamiltonian of ...
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Optically Trapped Cesium Dissertation
... Today we know that both superfluidity and superconductivity are indeed closely connected to BEC, however these are special, strongly interacting systems in which the condensation process is not readily observable. It was already noted in 1959 [Hec59] that spin polarized hydrogen might be a very good ...
... Today we know that both superfluidity and superconductivity are indeed closely connected to BEC, however these are special, strongly interacting systems in which the condensation process is not readily observable. It was already noted in 1959 [Hec59] that spin polarized hydrogen might be a very good ...
Studies on Transport of Carbonate Ions through a Supported Liquid
... through a solvent medium. These studies were undertaken in order to investigate the enhanced transport of anions through a liquid membrane with the help of carriers under dynamic and steady-state conditions, in which the chemical reaction and diffusion processes are in equilibrium. Sodium bicarbonat ...
... through a solvent medium. These studies were undertaken in order to investigate the enhanced transport of anions through a liquid membrane with the help of carriers under dynamic and steady-state conditions, in which the chemical reaction and diffusion processes are in equilibrium. Sodium bicarbonat ...
L4_tracking_riegler - Indico
... the resulting EM shockwave manifests itself as Cherenkov Radiation. When the particle crosses the boundary between two media, there is a probability of the order of 1% to produced and X ray photon, called Transition radiation. ...
... the resulting EM shockwave manifests itself as Cherenkov Radiation. When the particle crosses the boundary between two media, there is a probability of the order of 1% to produced and X ray photon, called Transition radiation. ...
The physics of fusion power
... atom is roughly four times heavier than the neutron, it will acquire only one fifth of the energy released in the fusion reaction, i.e. 3.5 MeV, whereas the neutron will obtain 80%, i.e. 14.1 MeV. The likelihood of a fusion reaction is expressed in terms of a cross-section. A cross section has the d ...
... atom is roughly four times heavier than the neutron, it will acquire only one fifth of the energy released in the fusion reaction, i.e. 3.5 MeV, whereas the neutron will obtain 80%, i.e. 14.1 MeV. The likelihood of a fusion reaction is expressed in terms of a cross-section. A cross section has the d ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... electrons from the region of the laser pulse and excites electron plasma waves with a phase velocity equal to the laser group velocity. These waves are generated as a result of being displaced by the leading edge of the laser pulse. If the laser pulse length (cτL) is approximately equal to or shorte ...
... electrons from the region of the laser pulse and excites electron plasma waves with a phase velocity equal to the laser group velocity. These waves are generated as a result of being displaced by the leading edge of the laser pulse. If the laser pulse length (cτL) is approximately equal to or shorte ...
2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)4 to Anhydrous Ni2(OH)2(C8H4O4)
... equipped with a conventional “orange” helium-flow cryostat. For each sample, data sets were collected at 2.0 and 25.0 K with counting times of 2 h for each temperature; at 2.0 K, only compound 1 showed supplementary peaks corresponding to its antiferromagnetic ordering. Thus, the pattern recorded at ...
... equipped with a conventional “orange” helium-flow cryostat. For each sample, data sets were collected at 2.0 and 25.0 K with counting times of 2 h for each temperature; at 2.0 K, only compound 1 showed supplementary peaks corresponding to its antiferromagnetic ordering. Thus, the pattern recorded at ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).