Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Master’s Thesis Erik Enqvist
... beam is brought to collision with either fixed targets or head-on to other particles in different experiments, all recorded by detectors. An overview of the huge accelerator complex is shown in Fig. 1.1 [1]. In order to keep the beam life time long enough to perform controlled experiments, the densi ...
... beam is brought to collision with either fixed targets or head-on to other particles in different experiments, all recorded by detectors. An overview of the huge accelerator complex is shown in Fig. 1.1 [1]. In order to keep the beam life time long enough to perform controlled experiments, the densi ...
Surface Tension
... A molecule in the bulk liquid is subjected to attractive forces from all directions by the surrounding molecules. It is practically in a uniform field of force. But for the molecule at the surface of the liquid, the net attraction towards the bulk of the liquid is much greater than the attraction ...
... A molecule in the bulk liquid is subjected to attractive forces from all directions by the surrounding molecules. It is practically in a uniform field of force. But for the molecule at the surface of the liquid, the net attraction towards the bulk of the liquid is much greater than the attraction ...
Sub Module 2.12 Measurement of vacuum
... manometers, Bourdon gages for the measurement of vacuum as long as it is not high vacuum. In the case of the U tube with mercury as the manometer liquid we can practically go all the way down to -760 mm mercury but there is no way of using it to measure vacuum pressures involving less than a fractio ...
... manometers, Bourdon gages for the measurement of vacuum as long as it is not high vacuum. In the case of the U tube with mercury as the manometer liquid we can practically go all the way down to -760 mm mercury but there is no way of using it to measure vacuum pressures involving less than a fractio ...
Thermodynamics Jaan Kalda 1 INTRODUCTION 2 Heat and
... to the absolute zero, the few substances which remain in the typically atoms and molecules). These particles are so small liquid state undergo phase transitions). and move so fast that typically, the thermal motion cannot be We know that if the temperature outside is low, we feel directly seen. cold ...
... to the absolute zero, the few substances which remain in the typically atoms and molecules). These particles are so small liquid state undergo phase transitions). and move so fast that typically, the thermal motion cannot be We know that if the temperature outside is low, we feel directly seen. cold ...
Full-Wave Simulation of High-Frequency Electromagnetic
... centre) ∼ 3 times those in conventional aspect ratio tokamaks, with a relatively low magnetic field, high flow shear and strong variation in toroidal field across the minor radius. This has allowed the testing of theory in new operational regimes and ...
... centre) ∼ 3 times those in conventional aspect ratio tokamaks, with a relatively low magnetic field, high flow shear and strong variation in toroidal field across the minor radius. This has allowed the testing of theory in new operational regimes and ...
Serial Dilutions and Basic Calculations
... Calculations – liquid samples Example 3 1. Orange juice is diluted 1:1000 (i.e. 1 ml diluted with 99 ml saline, then 1 ml of 1/100 dilution is diluted with 9 ml saline) 2. 1 ml of 1/1000 dilution is inoculated onto AC plates 3. 216 colonies grow Concentration of aerobic bacteria in orange juice is ...
... Calculations – liquid samples Example 3 1. Orange juice is diluted 1:1000 (i.e. 1 ml diluted with 99 ml saline, then 1 ml of 1/100 dilution is diluted with 9 ml saline) 2. 1 ml of 1/1000 dilution is inoculated onto AC plates 3. 216 colonies grow Concentration of aerobic bacteria in orange juice is ...
Antimony-ligated dysprosium single-molecule magnets as catalysts
... relaxation time. The four SMMs display similar properties, where the high-temperature regimes show a linear dependence of ln s on T1, indicating relaxation via Orbach and/or thermally assisted quantum tunnelling of the magnetization (TA-QTM) mechanisms. At lower temperatures, the relaxation shows a ...
... relaxation time. The four SMMs display similar properties, where the high-temperature regimes show a linear dependence of ln s on T1, indicating relaxation via Orbach and/or thermally assisted quantum tunnelling of the magnetization (TA-QTM) mechanisms. At lower temperatures, the relaxation shows a ...
MAGNETIC MATERIALS
... tice, however, all ferromagnetic materials exhibit strong nonlinearity, and B is not linearly proportional to H. As magnetization increases, the magnetic …eld B tends to saturate. This is due to an upper limit in magnetization allowed in magnetic materials. Magnetic materials consist of so-called ma ...
... tice, however, all ferromagnetic materials exhibit strong nonlinearity, and B is not linearly proportional to H. As magnetization increases, the magnetic …eld B tends to saturate. This is due to an upper limit in magnetization allowed in magnetic materials. Magnetic materials consist of so-called ma ...
Spin Hall Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonequilibrium Proximity Effect
... Consider a freestanding metallic thin film exhibiting strong SOI, e.g., Pt. An electric current along the film plane is applied to the Pt film. This Je induces a spin current Js due to the SHE in Pt that travels perpendicular to the film surface [10,13–15,23–26] with spin polarization parallel to ...
... Consider a freestanding metallic thin film exhibiting strong SOI, e.g., Pt. An electric current along the film plane is applied to the Pt film. This Je induces a spin current Js due to the SHE in Pt that travels perpendicular to the film surface [10,13–15,23–26] with spin polarization parallel to ...
ABSTRACT CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS AND FIRST EXPERIMENTS INVESTIGATING DYNAMICS OF BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES
... Most of the vacuum parts in both the source side and the science side are standard issue, with the notable exception of two custom feedthroughs (Kurt Lesker, Inc.), one in the main chamber and one in the source side. The special feedthrough in the UHV side is a 6 inch con-flat flange that has both c ...
... Most of the vacuum parts in both the source side and the science side are standard issue, with the notable exception of two custom feedthroughs (Kurt Lesker, Inc.), one in the main chamber and one in the source side. The special feedthrough in the UHV side is a 6 inch con-flat flange that has both c ...
Magnetic-Particle-Sensing Based Diagnostic Protocols and
... onto SiO2 regions. Adapted from [9]. Figure 8 shows the result of 8-nm-diameter magnetic particle detection by columnar beads. The intensity of the applied magnetic field was 37 Oe. It is clearly seen that columnar beads were gathered on the gold surface after applying the field. We also investigate ...
... onto SiO2 regions. Adapted from [9]. Figure 8 shows the result of 8-nm-diameter magnetic particle detection by columnar beads. The intensity of the applied magnetic field was 37 Oe. It is clearly seen that columnar beads were gathered on the gold surface after applying the field. We also investigate ...
Innovations in Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling
... Currently, the LMJ-SSP uses a syringe pump and the nebulizing gas from the ESI source to control the flow rate of solvent. The twochannel peristaltic pump controls the flow rates on either side of the LMJ-SSP allowing use of a large solvent reservoir, permitting longer analysis times between syringe ...
... Currently, the LMJ-SSP uses a syringe pump and the nebulizing gas from the ESI source to control the flow rate of solvent. The twochannel peristaltic pump controls the flow rates on either side of the LMJ-SSP allowing use of a large solvent reservoir, permitting longer analysis times between syringe ...
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... you for providing me with the opportunity to be a part of the atomic physics family on the second floor(s) of Building 26 (and 36). His enthusiasm and love for all aspects of physics has always been inspiring to me. Dave’s hands-off attitude has allowed me to develop as a physicist at my own pace. He ...
... you for providing me with the opportunity to be a part of the atomic physics family on the second floor(s) of Building 26 (and 36). His enthusiasm and love for all aspects of physics has always been inspiring to me. Dave’s hands-off attitude has allowed me to develop as a physicist at my own pace. He ...
S07 Phytoanalysis HPLC Part1
... Note: H simply gives the length of the column that corresponds to one theoretical plate H can be also used to relate various chromatographic parameters (e.g., flow rate, particle size, etc.) to the kinetic processes that give rise to peak broadening: Why Do Bands Spread? a. Eddy diffusion b. Mobile ...
... Note: H simply gives the length of the column that corresponds to one theoretical plate H can be also used to relate various chromatographic parameters (e.g., flow rate, particle size, etc.) to the kinetic processes that give rise to peak broadening: Why Do Bands Spread? a. Eddy diffusion b. Mobile ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).