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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in the 21st Century
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs in the 21st Century

... initiation, dosage modification, or introduction/interruption of an interacting drug. Co-medications should be known when interpreting a drug level, as well as the stage of a possible ongoing pregnancy. Other aspects also of importance, but usually of less concern in outpatient practice, are accurat ...
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... with metastatic RCC who progressed after immunotherapy. Expanded-access studies in europe and north america showed the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in special populations such as elderly, renal failure and cerebral metastases, as well as patients with no prior therapy. No cross-resistance has be ...
System suitability test
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... dangerous. US FDA regularly serves notices to marketing of the drugs which are not approved. It even serves notices to online marketing websites (17). It is requirement of US FDA to do at least one placebo controlled clinical study to get approval for the marketing. However in India such norms are r ...
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...  For of these prescribed drugs,80% are reported to be used in accordance with their label and with conventional DF, not at all specifically adapted to the children use.  The dose of API is fixed by using empirically established dosage regimen and the dose combination is sometimes largely used, whi ...
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Compounding

Pharmaceutical compounding (done in compounding pharmacies) is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient. To do this, compounding pharmacists combine or process appropriate ingredients using various tools. This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid pill to a liquid, to avoid a non-essential ingredient that the patient is allergic to, or to obtain the exact dose(s) needed or deemed best of particular active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). It may also be done for more optional reasons, such as adding flavors to a medication or otherwise altering taste or texture. Compounding is most routine in the case of intravenous/parenteral medication, typically by hospital pharmacists, but is also offered by privately owned compounding pharmacies and certain retail pharmacies for various forms of medication. Whether routine or rare, intravenous or oral, etc., when a given drug product is made or modified to have characteristics that are specifically prescribed for an individual patient, it is known as ""traditional"" compounding.Due to the rising cost of compounding and the shortage of drugs, many hospitals have shown a tendency to rely more upon large-scale compounding pharmacies to meet their regular requirement, particularly of sterile-injectable medications. When compounding is done on bulk production of a given formulation rather than patient-specific production, it is known as ""non-traditional"" compounding (which, as discussed below, is arguably not ""compounding"" but rather ""manufacturing""). This development raises concerns about patient safety and makes a case for proper regulatory control and monitoring.
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