Increased leak conductance alters ISI variability.
... CV = standard deviation of ISI distribution/mean ISI ...
... CV = standard deviation of ISI distribution/mean ISI ...
ciliated mucous membrane
... Identify the chemical that is secreted into the synapse. Neurotransmitters Identify the structures that neurotransmitters attach to on the next neuron. Receptors ...
... Identify the chemical that is secreted into the synapse. Neurotransmitters Identify the structures that neurotransmitters attach to on the next neuron. Receptors ...
Temporal Lobe
... o The main portion of the cell is called the soma or cell body. It contains the nucleus, which in turn contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes. o Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages ...
... o The main portion of the cell is called the soma or cell body. It contains the nucleus, which in turn contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes. o Neurons have a large number of extensions called dendrites. It is primarily the surfaces of the dendrites that receive chemical messages ...
Neuronal migration re-purposes mechanisms of cytokinesis
... microtubules in the spindle mid-zone and signals to the actin cytoskeleton through RhoA.6 We previously reported that kinesin-6 plays a crucial role in establishing microtubule polarity orientation in dendrites,2 but we also found kinesin-6 to be strongly expressed in migratory neurons, long before ...
... microtubules in the spindle mid-zone and signals to the actin cytoskeleton through RhoA.6 We previously reported that kinesin-6 plays a crucial role in establishing microtubule polarity orientation in dendrites,2 but we also found kinesin-6 to be strongly expressed in migratory neurons, long before ...
Major Brain Structures and Functions
... • Wernicke’s Area: controls language reception – Usually in the left temporal lobe – Involved in language comprehension and expression – “Mother is always her working her work to get her better, but when she’s looking the two boys looking the other part. She’s working another time” ...
... • Wernicke’s Area: controls language reception – Usually in the left temporal lobe – Involved in language comprehension and expression – “Mother is always her working her work to get her better, but when she’s looking the two boys looking the other part. She’s working another time” ...
Biopsychology revision 2
... Negatively charged ions on inside; positively charged ions on outside; cell is negatively charged on inside relative to outside – Action Potential Based on summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals Cell depolarizes; i.e., cell becomes positively charged Voltage change (electrical surge) ...
... Negatively charged ions on inside; positively charged ions on outside; cell is negatively charged on inside relative to outside – Action Potential Based on summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals Cell depolarizes; i.e., cell becomes positively charged Voltage change (electrical surge) ...
neural_networks
... quantitative aspect of the total pattern we associate with that individual. A feature can be an axis in a higher dimensional geometric space. Qualitative features can also be valued, as zero or one, for the absence or presence of a feature (e.g., ‘has a driver’s license’) We will only use non-negati ...
... quantitative aspect of the total pattern we associate with that individual. A feature can be an axis in a higher dimensional geometric space. Qualitative features can also be valued, as zero or one, for the absence or presence of a feature (e.g., ‘has a driver’s license’) We will only use non-negati ...
NOTES FOR CHAPTER 13
... C. Language and Speech are combinations of recall, knowing what and how to say something and actually forming the words – all different parts of the ...
... C. Language and Speech are combinations of recall, knowing what and how to say something and actually forming the words – all different parts of the ...
Ch 34 Action Potential and Neurons
... speeds signal signal hops from node to node saltatory conduction ...
... speeds signal signal hops from node to node saltatory conduction ...
Attention, Please: Earl Miller Wants to Make Us All Smarter
... Miller predicted he’d detect activity in multiple neurons in the prefrontal cortex every time he changed the rule. These neurons, he believed, somehow turned up or down the “volume” of the neurons he’d recorded in other areas of the brain. Not only was Miller right, but the rule change consistently ...
... Miller predicted he’d detect activity in multiple neurons in the prefrontal cortex every time he changed the rule. These neurons, he believed, somehow turned up or down the “volume” of the neurons he’d recorded in other areas of the brain. Not only was Miller right, but the rule change consistently ...
A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing
... FIG. 3. Recurrency and fixed synaptic ratios contribute to the lack of convergence. A: average number of spikes per cell (not Ai) over 2,000 training trials, in networks in which each neurons received 1 (black), 2 (red), or 4 (blue) from other excitatory neurons. With nEx 3 Ex ⫽ 1, synaptic scaling ...
... FIG. 3. Recurrency and fixed synaptic ratios contribute to the lack of convergence. A: average number of spikes per cell (not Ai) over 2,000 training trials, in networks in which each neurons received 1 (black), 2 (red), or 4 (blue) from other excitatory neurons. With nEx 3 Ex ⫽ 1, synaptic scaling ...
Chapter Two
... Motor Neurons – Efferent Nerves – Sends message from the brain to the muscles and glands to cause response/behavior or to regulate bodily processes. ...
... Motor Neurons – Efferent Nerves – Sends message from the brain to the muscles and glands to cause response/behavior or to regulate bodily processes. ...
Sparse Neural Systems: The Ersatz Brain gets Thin
... • Connections are expensive biologically since they take up space, use energy, and are hard to wire up ...
... • Connections are expensive biologically since they take up space, use energy, and are hard to wire up ...
The Nervous System
... Retrieved from http://iupucbio2.iupui.edu/ anatomy/images/Chapt13/FG13_10.jpg ...
... Retrieved from http://iupucbio2.iupui.edu/ anatomy/images/Chapt13/FG13_10.jpg ...
Slide 1
... myelin sheath. Electrical impulse ‘jumps’ from one gap to the next Speeds up transmission of impulse ...
... myelin sheath. Electrical impulse ‘jumps’ from one gap to the next Speeds up transmission of impulse ...
Nervous System PPT - New Paltz Central School District
... One neuron may connect with 10,000 other neurons and you have billions of neurons. These pathways are how memory is stored. ...
... One neuron may connect with 10,000 other neurons and you have billions of neurons. These pathways are how memory is stored. ...
31.1 The Neuron - science-b
... Neurons can be classified into three types according to the direction in which an impulse travels. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the sense organs, such as the eyes and ears, to the spinal cord and brain. ...
... Neurons can be classified into three types according to the direction in which an impulse travels. Sensory neurons carry impulses from the sense organs, such as the eyes and ears, to the spinal cord and brain. ...
Learning as a phenomenon occurring in a critical state
... task induces dynamic changes in the functional connectivity able to “sculpt” the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain and to act as a form of “system memory” [21]. It is therefore tempting to investigate the role that critical behaviour plays in the most important task of neuronal network ...
... task induces dynamic changes in the functional connectivity able to “sculpt” the spontaneous activity of the resting human brain and to act as a form of “system memory” [21]. It is therefore tempting to investigate the role that critical behaviour plays in the most important task of neuronal network ...
Slide ()
... Relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, receives a rich blood flow from the capillaries of the portal hypophyseal system. This system delivers factors released by hypothalamic neurons into portal capillaries at the median eminence. T ...
... Relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, receives a rich blood flow from the capillaries of the portal hypophyseal system. This system delivers factors released by hypothalamic neurons into portal capillaries at the median eminence. T ...
Handouts - motor units
... fast fatigable – can be categorized on the basis of their twitch speed and fatigability. ...
... fast fatigable – can be categorized on the basis of their twitch speed and fatigability. ...
Multi-Scale Modeling of the Primary Visual Cortex
... Figure 4: (a) Preferred cortical state of the neuron in the middle of the plot. (b) Spike-triggered activity pattern of the same neuron. (c) Evolution of the similarity index over time and orientation preference. (d) Evolution of the similarity index over time for orientation preference −60 deg. (e ...
... Figure 4: (a) Preferred cortical state of the neuron in the middle of the plot. (b) Spike-triggered activity pattern of the same neuron. (c) Evolution of the similarity index over time and orientation preference. (d) Evolution of the similarity index over time for orientation preference −60 deg. (e ...
From Vision to Movement
... occipital cortex, movement in frontal cortex, and parietal cortex is involved in the transformation from vision to action. However, things are not that simple. For example, frontal cortex neurons often carry visual signals, and some occipital areas may code the direction of movement rather than the ...
... occipital cortex, movement in frontal cortex, and parietal cortex is involved in the transformation from vision to action. However, things are not that simple. For example, frontal cortex neurons often carry visual signals, and some occipital areas may code the direction of movement rather than the ...
The Biological Perspective - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
... Fluids inside and outside neuron containing charged particles called ions Positively charged ions (sodium and potassium) and negatively charged ions (chloride) flow across the cell membrane at different rates creating a negative charge inside the cell The resting potential of a neuron is its s ...
... Fluids inside and outside neuron containing charged particles called ions Positively charged ions (sodium and potassium) and negatively charged ions (chloride) flow across the cell membrane at different rates creating a negative charge inside the cell The resting potential of a neuron is its s ...
Module 2.1 Neurons: The Body`s Wiring Lecture Outline
... Neurons don’t actually touch; they are separated by a synapse The neural impulse reaches the axon’s terminal buttons and triggers the release of chemicals that either increase or decrease the likelihood that neighboring cells will fire (Figure 2.3) Neurotransmitters are either excitatory, making an ...
... Neurons don’t actually touch; they are separated by a synapse The neural impulse reaches the axon’s terminal buttons and triggers the release of chemicals that either increase or decrease the likelihood that neighboring cells will fire (Figure 2.3) Neurotransmitters are either excitatory, making an ...
Prac T12 - studylib.net
... The ependymal cells line the blood vessels that supply the neural tissues of the brain, thereby forming the blood-brain barrier True False Neurotransmitters that depress the resting potential are called excitatory. ...
... The ependymal cells line the blood vessels that supply the neural tissues of the brain, thereby forming the blood-brain barrier True False Neurotransmitters that depress the resting potential are called excitatory. ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.