
Sparse coding in the primate cortex
... Component features of effective stimuli, as judged by the experimenters, are then presented singly or in combination. By assessing the cell’s firing rate during presentation of each simplified stimulus, the protocol attempts to find the simplest feature combination that maximally excites the cell. T ...
... Component features of effective stimuli, as judged by the experimenters, are then presented singly or in combination. By assessing the cell’s firing rate during presentation of each simplified stimulus, the protocol attempts to find the simplest feature combination that maximally excites the cell. T ...
Slide 1
... to hyperosmolality. Hyperosmolality also activates other neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, such as those in the subfornical organ (SFO) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and magnocellular neurons, which are intrinsically osmosensitive. Circulating angiotensin II (AII) activates neurons of the ...
... to hyperosmolality. Hyperosmolality also activates other neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, such as those in the subfornical organ (SFO) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and magnocellular neurons, which are intrinsically osmosensitive. Circulating angiotensin II (AII) activates neurons of the ...
news release - Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
... which contains networks of specialized cells called neurons. Neurons send signals to one another and compute appropriate responses to sensory stimuli. “For example, neural circuits enable our hands to move away from a burning ember or direct the precise movements of a surgeon’s fingers,” mentions Dr ...
... which contains networks of specialized cells called neurons. Neurons send signals to one another and compute appropriate responses to sensory stimuli. “For example, neural circuits enable our hands to move away from a burning ember or direct the precise movements of a surgeon’s fingers,” mentions Dr ...
PDF file
... and sensorimotor behaviors. It provides mechanisms to a developmental system so that it develops its likes and dislikes. Without a motivational system, it is difficult to enable a system to autonomously learn and perform desirable tasks. Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neur ...
... and sensorimotor behaviors. It provides mechanisms to a developmental system so that it develops its likes and dislikes. Without a motivational system, it is difficult to enable a system to autonomously learn and perform desirable tasks. Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neur ...
LECTURE18.Olfaction&Taste
... SWEET-sensing taste cells use 7-TM receptor coupled to Gs. Sugars act through Gs to produce cAMP, and PKA phosphorylates and closes potassium leak channels, causing depolarization Alternatively, some substances (artificial sweeteners) bind receptors coupled to Gq which activates PLC to increase Ca+2 ...
... SWEET-sensing taste cells use 7-TM receptor coupled to Gs. Sugars act through Gs to produce cAMP, and PKA phosphorylates and closes potassium leak channels, causing depolarization Alternatively, some substances (artificial sweeteners) bind receptors coupled to Gq which activates PLC to increase Ca+2 ...
A Synapse Plasticity Model for Conceptual Drift Problems Ashwin Ram ()
... action potentials output within a window of time to determine positive output. We define a positive window of activity in terms of the output population over all of the output windows. If any window shows activity above the mean activity, then we attribute a positive output by the network on that in ...
... action potentials output within a window of time to determine positive output. We define a positive window of activity in terms of the output population over all of the output windows. If any window shows activity above the mean activity, then we attribute a positive output by the network on that in ...
Nervous system Sense cells and organs
... All animal except Porifera have some type of nervous system Nerve tissue: secondary tissue (as muscle tissues) Nerve cells or neurons evolved in conjunction with muscle: For animals to move in response to stimuli, they must coordinate their body movements through muscle contraction ...
... All animal except Porifera have some type of nervous system Nerve tissue: secondary tissue (as muscle tissues) Nerve cells or neurons evolved in conjunction with muscle: For animals to move in response to stimuli, they must coordinate their body movements through muscle contraction ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal
... (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring ...
... (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control
... (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring ...
... (1–3). Imaging and neurophysiological studies have found neural correlates of both types in the frontal and posterior parietal cortices (1, 2, 4–6), but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
... action potentials that propagate along neuronal axons (Debanne 2004) and transmit through synapses (Kampa 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns pe ...
NADPH Oxidase 1, a novel molecular source of ROS in
... dominant negative Rac1 (T17N Rac1) led to reduction in ROS generation, decrease in nuclear 8-oxo-2dG immunoreactivity and diminish in DA cell death. In vivo, increased Nox1 level as well as 8-oxo-2dG in the nucleus of substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons are confirmed in rats striatally injected with 6- ...
... dominant negative Rac1 (T17N Rac1) led to reduction in ROS generation, decrease in nuclear 8-oxo-2dG immunoreactivity and diminish in DA cell death. In vivo, increased Nox1 level as well as 8-oxo-2dG in the nucleus of substantia nigra (SN) DA neurons are confirmed in rats striatally injected with 6- ...
The Smell Report – Emotion. Web. 07 Apr. 2017. - humanphys-chan
... https://lions-talkusing certain neurotransmitters science.org/2014/10/08/smells-ring The neurons only open their bells-how-smells-can-trigger-emotionssignal channel when they and-memories/ receive stimulation from the ...
... https://lions-talkusing certain neurotransmitters science.org/2014/10/08/smells-ring The neurons only open their bells-how-smells-can-trigger-emotionssignal channel when they and-memories/ receive stimulation from the ...
The Cerebellum
... – Each division, as its name implies, receives its predominant afferent input from a different source. – Each division also has somewhat different outputs. ...
... – Each division, as its name implies, receives its predominant afferent input from a different source. – Each division also has somewhat different outputs. ...
Dynamic timescale
... Quantum tunneling in exocytosis According to Beck (1996) the synaptic exocytosis of neurotransmitters is the key regulator in the neuronal network of the neocortex. This is achieved by filtering incoming nerve impulses according to the excitatory or inhibitory status of the synapses. Findings by Ja ...
... Quantum tunneling in exocytosis According to Beck (1996) the synaptic exocytosis of neurotransmitters is the key regulator in the neuronal network of the neocortex. This is achieved by filtering incoming nerve impulses according to the excitatory or inhibitory status of the synapses. Findings by Ja ...
ANN Approach for Weather Prediction using Back Propagation
... known website www.weatherunderground.com [5] this normalized data is passed to the BPNN to train the neural network .Thus the neural network is trained by updating all the weights and biases as per the obtained errors in each iteration .Now pass the testing dataset as the network is trained the prop ...
... known website www.weatherunderground.com [5] this normalized data is passed to the BPNN to train the neural network .Thus the neural network is trained by updating all the weights and biases as per the obtained errors in each iteration .Now pass the testing dataset as the network is trained the prop ...
Lect-3-Sensory cortex-Dr.Zahoor2010-10
... Areas 1, 2, and 3, which constitute PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY AREA I, 40 is SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY AREA II and areas 5 and 7, which constitute the SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA. ...
... Areas 1, 2, and 3, which constitute PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY AREA I, 40 is SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY AREA II and areas 5 and 7, which constitute the SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION AREA. ...
neuron models and basic learning rules
... • In general, there are many different kinds of activation functions. • The step function used in the McCulloch-Pitts model is simply one of them. • Because the activation function takes only two values, this model is called discrete neuron. • To make the neuron learnable, some kind of continuous fu ...
... • In general, there are many different kinds of activation functions. • The step function used in the McCulloch-Pitts model is simply one of them. • Because the activation function takes only two values, this model is called discrete neuron. • To make the neuron learnable, some kind of continuous fu ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in freely moving rats showed that the spatial firing fields of individual place-cells are highly stable over weeks [75]. By contrast, later recordings in mouse CA1 showed less stable place preference [69,76], suggesting potential species-dependent diff ...
... number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in freely moving rats showed that the spatial firing fields of individual place-cells are highly stable over weeks [75]. By contrast, later recordings in mouse CA1 showed less stable place preference [69,76], suggesting potential species-dependent diff ...
Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue
... smooth and emits a variable number of branches (collaterals). In vertebrates, many axons are surrounded by an insulating myelin sheath, which facilitates rapid impulse conduction. The axon terminal region, where contacts with other cells are made, displays a wide range of morphological specializatio ...
... smooth and emits a variable number of branches (collaterals). In vertebrates, many axons are surrounded by an insulating myelin sheath, which facilitates rapid impulse conduction. The axon terminal region, where contacts with other cells are made, displays a wide range of morphological specializatio ...
Ch. 7 - The Nervous System
... 1. Multipolar neurons - many extensions from the cell body 2. Bipolar neurons - one axon and one dendrite 3. Unipolar neurons - have a short single process leaving the cell body E. Functional Properties of Neurons 1. Irritability a. Ability to respond to stimuli 2. Conductivity a. Ability to transmi ...
... 1. Multipolar neurons - many extensions from the cell body 2. Bipolar neurons - one axon and one dendrite 3. Unipolar neurons - have a short single process leaving the cell body E. Functional Properties of Neurons 1. Irritability a. Ability to respond to stimuli 2. Conductivity a. Ability to transmi ...
The Neuron - Austin Community College
... All-or-None phenomenon – action potentials either happen completely, or not at all ...
... All-or-None phenomenon – action potentials either happen completely, or not at all ...
A Biologically Plausible Spiking Neuron Model of Fear Conditioning
... Fear conditioning is a widely studied paradigm in many areas of cognitive science. Thanks to its well-defined inputs and outputs, fear conditioning offers researchers one the most effective methods of examining learning, memory, and emotional processing in animal brains. The new model we propose her ...
... Fear conditioning is a widely studied paradigm in many areas of cognitive science. Thanks to its well-defined inputs and outputs, fear conditioning offers researchers one the most effective methods of examining learning, memory, and emotional processing in animal brains. The new model we propose her ...
primary motor cortex - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning
... sensorimotor system have patterns of activity programmed into them and complex movements are produced by activating these programs. Cerebellum and basal ganglia then serve to coordinate the various programs. ...
... sensorimotor system have patterns of activity programmed into them and complex movements are produced by activating these programs. Cerebellum and basal ganglia then serve to coordinate the various programs. ...
A quick tour of the auditory system
... Mechanical stimulus into electrical signals • Basilar membrane vibrates up and down with sound wave, causing shearing motion by tectorial membrane - hair bundles are deflected • Bending of hair cell back and forth: excitation and inhibition ...
... Mechanical stimulus into electrical signals • Basilar membrane vibrates up and down with sound wave, causing shearing motion by tectorial membrane - hair bundles are deflected • Bending of hair cell back and forth: excitation and inhibition ...
Synaptic gating

Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.