self-organising map
... •An input pattern to the SOM network represents a localised region of “activity” against a quiet background. •The location and nature of such a “spot” usually varies from one input pattern to another. All the neurons in the network should therefore be exposed to a sufficient number of different real ...
... •An input pattern to the SOM network represents a localised region of “activity” against a quiet background. •The location and nature of such a “spot” usually varies from one input pattern to another. All the neurons in the network should therefore be exposed to a sufficient number of different real ...
Brainstem 10
... Respiratory and Cardiovascular centers are located in the medullary and caudal pontine reticular formation. Some reticular neurons have long ascending and descending axons that allow profuse interaction with other neuronal systems. ...
... Respiratory and Cardiovascular centers are located in the medullary and caudal pontine reticular formation. Some reticular neurons have long ascending and descending axons that allow profuse interaction with other neuronal systems. ...
(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... Changing the steepness and position of the sigmoidal tanh(:) allows the simulation of a range of neural responses with various onset and saturation thresholds, and these nonlinear responses will attenuate or magnify various components of the sound spectrum. Fourier analysis can be used to nd the th ...
... Changing the steepness and position of the sigmoidal tanh(:) allows the simulation of a range of neural responses with various onset and saturation thresholds, and these nonlinear responses will attenuate or magnify various components of the sound spectrum. Fourier analysis can be used to nd the th ...
Sauve CVE 2015 - Calgary Vision Event
... head movements (e.g. up to 1 Hz); VOR dominates as head acceleration becomes more rapid ( >1 Hz). post-rotatory nystagmus: vestibular nystagmus occurs during acceleration to constant velocity, then declines over next 15 sec. During deceleration, endolymph deflects cupula. When rotation ceases, endol ...
... head movements (e.g. up to 1 Hz); VOR dominates as head acceleration becomes more rapid ( >1 Hz). post-rotatory nystagmus: vestibular nystagmus occurs during acceleration to constant velocity, then declines over next 15 sec. During deceleration, endolymph deflects cupula. When rotation ceases, endol ...
ACETYLOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE NUCLEI OF THE
... nucleus as well as in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. The data shown above pertaining to the localization of AChE activity in the amygdala of the cat, Galugo senegalensis, and man are generally similar to our results found in the amygdaloid complex of the rat. These results seem to conf ...
... nucleus as well as in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. The data shown above pertaining to the localization of AChE activity in the amygdala of the cat, Galugo senegalensis, and man are generally similar to our results found in the amygdaloid complex of the rat. These results seem to conf ...
Properties of spike train spectra in two parietal reach areas
... existence of significantly elevated spectral power in the gamma frequency band (25–90 Hz). LFP activity reflects the movement of extracellular currents arising from the activation of a local neuronal ensemble and is easier to record than spiking activity, particularly over long time intervals (Mitzd ...
... existence of significantly elevated spectral power in the gamma frequency band (25–90 Hz). LFP activity reflects the movement of extracellular currents arising from the activation of a local neuronal ensemble and is easier to record than spiking activity, particularly over long time intervals (Mitzd ...
Pain relief produces negative reinforcement through activation of
... appetitive rewards promote an efflux of dopamine in the NAc (15, 16). It has been suggested that NAc neurons signal reward value and participate in behavioral decision making (17–21). We hypothesized that relief of ongoing pain would activate the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and that such activation i ...
... appetitive rewards promote an efflux of dopamine in the NAc (15, 16). It has been suggested that NAc neurons signal reward value and participate in behavioral decision making (17–21). We hypothesized that relief of ongoing pain would activate the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and that such activation i ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudinal structures called cartridges in the lamina and co ...
... each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudinal structures called cartridges in the lamina and co ...
Review on Methods of Selecting Number of Hidden Nodes in
... Selection of hidden neurons using the neural networks is one of the major problems in the field of Artificial Neural Network. Sometimes an overtraining issue is exists in the design of NN training process. Over training is same to the issue of overfitting data. Overtraining arises because the networ ...
... Selection of hidden neurons using the neural networks is one of the major problems in the field of Artificial Neural Network. Sometimes an overtraining issue is exists in the design of NN training process. Over training is same to the issue of overfitting data. Overtraining arises because the networ ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... MR imaging can detect seizure-induced brain lesions that are visible on T1- and T2-weighted images (4–6). Diffusion-weighted imaging, available on most clinical scanners, sensitizes the MR signal ...
... MR imaging can detect seizure-induced brain lesions that are visible on T1- and T2-weighted images (4–6). Diffusion-weighted imaging, available on most clinical scanners, sensitizes the MR signal ...
PDF
... In this Section we consider our simple mathematical model of axon growth (Li et al., 2007; Borisyuk et al., 2008). This model has been studied in detail and has been used here for generation of the connectome model of the whole spinal cord. For the convenience of the reader we include here a brief r ...
... In this Section we consider our simple mathematical model of axon growth (Li et al., 2007; Borisyuk et al., 2008). This model has been studied in detail and has been used here for generation of the connectome model of the whole spinal cord. For the convenience of the reader we include here a brief r ...
Resting membrane potential is
... Throughout depolarisation, the Na+ continues to rush inside until the action potential reaches its peak and the sodium gates close. If the depolarisation is not great enough to reach threshold, then an action potential and hence an impulse are not produced. This is called the All-or-None Principle. ...
... Throughout depolarisation, the Na+ continues to rush inside until the action potential reaches its peak and the sodium gates close. If the depolarisation is not great enough to reach threshold, then an action potential and hence an impulse are not produced. This is called the All-or-None Principle. ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... LC Connectivity Although the LC is a comparatively smaller structure than the SN/VTA, the regional specificity of its innervations is likely less than dopamine neurons. That said, norad renergic input to certain brain regions can be surprisingly selective in primates: in the visual cortex for ins ...
... LC Connectivity Although the LC is a comparatively smaller structure than the SN/VTA, the regional specificity of its innervations is likely less than dopamine neurons. That said, norad renergic input to certain brain regions can be surprisingly selective in primates: in the visual cortex for ins ...
PDF
... neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progressed, suggesting that the derivation of different neuronal cell types from ...
... neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progressed, suggesting that the derivation of different neuronal cell types from ...
Synaptic and cellular organization of layer 1 of the
... Cells whose regression line had a slope greater than or equal to 1 and whose sum of the Root Mean Square (RMS) error was less than 30 (mean = 28.76), were classified as Accommodating Cells. Cells whose regression line had a slope less than 1 and whose sum of the RMS errors were less than 30 (mean = ...
... Cells whose regression line had a slope greater than or equal to 1 and whose sum of the Root Mean Square (RMS) error was less than 30 (mean = 28.76), were classified as Accommodating Cells. Cells whose regression line had a slope less than 1 and whose sum of the RMS errors were less than 30 (mean = ...
General Cortical and Special Prefrontal Connections: Principles
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
... The prefrontal cortex has one of the most extensive communication systems in the brain. Complex networks link the prefrontal cortex with the external world through connections with sensory association cortices. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with structures associated with the internal envi ...
![[PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008803384_1-36fd0609f80954d0c3765babde2de933-300x300.png)
[PDF]
... found in neurodevepmental disorders. MicroRNAs have been implicated in several steps of neuronal maturation including dendritic and axonal growth, spine development, and synaptogenesis. We demonstrate that one brain-enriched microRNA, miR-137, has a significant role in regulating neuronal maturation. ...
... found in neurodevepmental disorders. MicroRNAs have been implicated in several steps of neuronal maturation including dendritic and axonal growth, spine development, and synaptogenesis. We demonstrate that one brain-enriched microRNA, miR-137, has a significant role in regulating neuronal maturation. ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... 212, 213, 230). In these and many other studies, stimulusinduced A2 neuronal activation is characterized by immunocytochemical localization of the immediate-early gene product, Fos, together with immunolabeling for TH or DbH. Increased Fos immunolabeling alone cannot reveal the circuits through whic ...
... 212, 213, 230). In these and many other studies, stimulusinduced A2 neuronal activation is characterized by immunocytochemical localization of the immediate-early gene product, Fos, together with immunolabeling for TH or DbH. Increased Fos immunolabeling alone cannot reveal the circuits through whic ...
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of
... tem relies on neurons, which are designed for the rapid transmission of information from one cell to another by conducting electrical impulses and secreting chemical neurotransmitters. The electrical impulses propagate along the length of nerve fiber processes to their terminals, where they initiate ...
... tem relies on neurons, which are designed for the rapid transmission of information from one cell to another by conducting electrical impulses and secreting chemical neurotransmitters. The electrical impulses propagate along the length of nerve fiber processes to their terminals, where they initiate ...
Hello. I`m Michael Farries, a graduate student of David Perkel. I have
... mammalian counterparts (striatum: caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens; pallidum: globus pallidus/GPe, entopeduclular nucleus/GPi, ventral pallidum). There are some differences, of course, as one must expect for lineages that have been separate for 300 million years. For example, the avian pallidum ( ...
... mammalian counterparts (striatum: caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens; pallidum: globus pallidus/GPe, entopeduclular nucleus/GPi, ventral pallidum). There are some differences, of course, as one must expect for lineages that have been separate for 300 million years. For example, the avian pallidum ( ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... different results. Norepinephrine has been reported to suppress synaptic transmission in the piriform cortex (Collins et al. 1984; McIntyre and Wong 1986; Vanier and Bower 1993) and the neocortex (Dodt et al. 1991). In the hippocampus, some researchers have reported suppression of excitatory postsyn ...
... different results. Norepinephrine has been reported to suppress synaptic transmission in the piriform cortex (Collins et al. 1984; McIntyre and Wong 1986; Vanier and Bower 1993) and the neocortex (Dodt et al. 1991). In the hippocampus, some researchers have reported suppression of excitatory postsyn ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0114-15.2015 Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, C7000, Austin, Texas 78712 ...
... DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0114-15.2015 Center for Learning and Memory, The University of Texas at Austin, C7000, Austin, Texas 78712 ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... attained by the convergence in area F5 of many factors including context and object related information. The presence of the object and of contextual information bias the activation of a specific motor plan among many potentially relevant plans stored in F5. The one which is most fit to the context is ...
... attained by the convergence in area F5 of many factors including context and object related information. The presence of the object and of contextual information bias the activation of a specific motor plan among many potentially relevant plans stored in F5. The one which is most fit to the context is ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.