Optimisation of cognitive performance in rodent operant
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
File
... • Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist who won a Nobel Prize for his research on digestion. • His original description of classical conditioning was a by-product of this research. He did not set out to discover classical conditioning. ...
... • Ivan Pavlov was a physiologist who won a Nobel Prize for his research on digestion. • His original description of classical conditioning was a by-product of this research. He did not set out to discover classical conditioning. ...
Consumer Attitudes and Behaviors Part 2of 7
... Recently, when it was discovered that a large supplier of hamburger meat to various restaurants around the United States had shipped tons of contaminated beef, consumers everywhere were afraid to eat hamburger. The timing was especially bad for restaurants and supermarkets because the scare took pla ...
... Recently, when it was discovered that a large supplier of hamburger meat to various restaurants around the United States had shipped tons of contaminated beef, consumers everywhere were afraid to eat hamburger. The timing was especially bad for restaurants and supermarkets because the scare took pla ...
SOC1 - University of Maiduguri
... occurring within the individual as well as the connections between mind and body. It is also concerned with human and animal development. The subject includes many different areas and applications such as the role of instinct, heredity, environment and culture, processes of sensation and perception, ...
... occurring within the individual as well as the connections between mind and body. It is also concerned with human and animal development. The subject includes many different areas and applications such as the role of instinct, heredity, environment and culture, processes of sensation and perception, ...
NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... In contrast, a secondary drive was defined as a learned or acquired state. Money, as previously mentioned, is an example of a secondary reinforcer, which acquires its reinforcing properties through its association with primary reinforcers (i.e. money can be used to acquire food). Due to societal and ...
... In contrast, a secondary drive was defined as a learned or acquired state. Money, as previously mentioned, is an example of a secondary reinforcer, which acquires its reinforcing properties through its association with primary reinforcers (i.e. money can be used to acquire food). Due to societal and ...
6 basic principles of learning
... 47. Anika’s parents tell her that if she does the dishes every night, she can stay up late to watch her favorite TV show. Because she is now doing the dishes every night, we could say that Anika’s behavior is an example of a behavior learned through A) negative reinforcement-avoidance conditioning. ...
... 47. Anika’s parents tell her that if she does the dishes every night, she can stay up late to watch her favorite TV show. Because she is now doing the dishes every night, we could say that Anika’s behavior is an example of a behavior learned through A) negative reinforcement-avoidance conditioning. ...
I - HCC Learning Web
... Sam's psychology professor, Dr. Smith, recruited him to serve as a research assistant. Sam's job was to teach study participants a new strategy for studying textbook material. Experimental group participants were supposed to be taught the new strategy, while control group participants were to be tol ...
... Sam's psychology professor, Dr. Smith, recruited him to serve as a research assistant. Sam's job was to teach study participants a new strategy for studying textbook material. Experimental group participants were supposed to be taught the new strategy, while control group participants were to be tol ...
Program - Albion
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
... produced in response to olfactory classical conditioning. We have identified five different traces that form in different neurons in the olfactory nervous system with different temporal kinetics after acquisition. Three traces appear to correspond to short‐term memory, one to the consolidation pro ...
Voyages in Development, Second Edition, Spencer A. Rathus
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
... child is just like the adult except less mature, with growth will be able to do everything • Discontinuous: new ways of thinking and understanding emerge at specific times – A school counselor advises a parent, “Don’t worry about your teenager’s argumentative behavior. It shows she understands the w ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... depend on how they are generated. In the light of these considerations, we review the results of van der Meer and Redish (2009a), who found that ventral striatal neurons that respond to reward delivery can also be activated at other points, notably at a decision point where hippocampal forward repre ...
... depend on how they are generated. In the light of these considerations, we review the results of van der Meer and Redish (2009a), who found that ventral striatal neurons that respond to reward delivery can also be activated at other points, notably at a decision point where hippocampal forward repre ...
Chapter 9 Notes Power Point
... A kind of learning that involves the association between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ...
... A kind of learning that involves the association between environmental stimuli and the organism’s responses ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ...
Placing prediction into the fear circuit
... The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticity in the striatum. The canonical findings from recordings in primates during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning are that midbrain D ...
... The firing of these neurons conforms to assumptions of associative learning models [18,19] and their output is thought to serve as a teaching signal instructing plasticity in the striatum. The canonical findings from recordings in primates during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning are that midbrain D ...
(2006). Effects of repeated acquisitions and extinctions on response
... Prior to each session, there was a test of each of the stimuli (noise, clicker, houselight, and flashing light), the recording of head entries into the food cup, and the delivery of food pellets. There was one pellet in the food tray at the beginning of each session. The experiment consisted of 80 s ...
... Prior to each session, there was a test of each of the stimuli (noise, clicker, houselight, and flashing light), the recording of head entries into the food cup, and the delivery of food pellets. There was one pellet in the food tray at the beginning of each session. The experiment consisted of 80 s ...
An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
... A belief in free-will is a widely held assumption, dating back to at least 800 B.C.E., in the era of Greek mythology (Dorin, 2014; Mastin, 2008). Prior to the institutions of philosophy and science, Greek myths discussed humans interacting with gods and being held accountable for their actions and d ...
... A belief in free-will is a widely held assumption, dating back to at least 800 B.C.E., in the era of Greek mythology (Dorin, 2014; Mastin, 2008). Prior to the institutions of philosophy and science, Greek myths discussed humans interacting with gods and being held accountable for their actions and d ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Another study [35] found activation of some subregions of O ...
... study [34], amygdala activation was related to presentation of visual signals for pleasant odors early in training, but this response habituated over training, whereas medial OFC activity associated with those visual cues was maintained. Another study [35] found activation of some subregions of O ...
the psychological review
... relatively few experimental data are available as the basis for systematized theory in this area. In fact, language mechanisms have often been regarded as 'uncontrolled variables' in psychological investigations. The present paper reports an attempt (i) to extend the objective principles derived fro ...
... relatively few experimental data are available as the basis for systematized theory in this area. In fact, language mechanisms have often been regarded as 'uncontrolled variables' in psychological investigations. The present paper reports an attempt (i) to extend the objective principles derived fro ...
Classical_SWAT Quiz
... one-trial conditioned taste aversion… A. demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour ...
... one-trial conditioned taste aversion… A. demonstrates the powerful effect of punishment on animal behaviour ...
Classical Conditioning - Norwell Public Schools
... = learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning). ...
... = learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (as in operant conditioning). ...
Extinction of the avoidance response and fear reduction through
... fear is not extinguished nor are competing responses acquired; rather, the animal learns to relax (exploratory Behavior) (Denny, 1971). ...
... fear is not extinguished nor are competing responses acquired; rather, the animal learns to relax (exploratory Behavior) (Denny, 1971). ...
What is psychology - Kirkwood Community College
... What are the four major models that help explain memory? 1. Define memory and the construction process (p. 247) 2. Describe the information processing model to memory, from encoding to storage to retrieval, and compare this model to the parallel distributed processing and levels of processing models ...
... What are the four major models that help explain memory? 1. Define memory and the construction process (p. 247) 2. Describe the information processing model to memory, from encoding to storage to retrieval, and compare this model to the parallel distributed processing and levels of processing models ...
Learning and Memory - University of South Alabama
... anterograde amnesia are capable of learning that set I stilumli correspond to set V stimuli, and other kinds of perceptual and motor learning tasks. They cannot talk about their experiences. The consolidation process does not work for ...
... anterograde amnesia are capable of learning that set I stilumli correspond to set V stimuli, and other kinds of perceptual and motor learning tasks. They cannot talk about their experiences. The consolidation process does not work for ...
Learning and Memory
... evoke a classically conditioned (learned) response due to being presented shortly before the US. • In Pavlov’s experiments, the CS was the bell. ...
... evoke a classically conditioned (learned) response due to being presented shortly before the US. • In Pavlov’s experiments, the CS was the bell. ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... Image J software (NIH) the images were stacked and transformed to 8-bit grayscale. After the cell group of interest was identified, either nuclear borders were drawn or a rectangular template was placed on the thionin-stained section, and automated counting was performed on the adjacent Fos-stained s ...
... Image J software (NIH) the images were stacked and transformed to 8-bit grayscale. After the cell group of interest was identified, either nuclear borders were drawn or a rectangular template was placed on the thionin-stained section, and automated counting was performed on the adjacent Fos-stained s ...
File
... Believed behavior was the result of the shape of the head Phrenology- the practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that person’s intellect and character traits Inspired scientists to consider the brain instead of the heart as responsible for human behavior © 2011 The McGraw-Hill ...
... Believed behavior was the result of the shape of the head Phrenology- the practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that person’s intellect and character traits Inspired scientists to consider the brain instead of the heart as responsible for human behavior © 2011 The McGraw-Hill ...
Psychological behaviorism
Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism - a major theory within psychology which holds that behaviors are learned through positive and negative reinforcements. The theory recommends that psychological concepts (such as personality, learning and emotion) are to be explained in terms of observable behaviors that respond to stimulus. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson (1912), who coined the term ""behaviorism,"" and then B.F. Skinner who developed what is known as ""radical behaviorism."" Watson and Skinner rejected the idea that psychological data could be obtained through introspection or by an attempt to describe consciousness; all psychological data, in their view, was to be derived from the observation of outward behavior. Recently, Arthur W. Staats has proposed a psychological behaviorism - a ""paradigmatic behaviorist theory"" which argues that personality consists of a set of learned behavioral patterns, acquired through the interaction between an individual's biology, environment, cognition, and emotion. Holth also critically reviews psychological behaviorism as a ""path to the grand reunification of psychology and behavior analysis"".Psychological behaviorism’s theory of personality represents one of psychological behaviorism’s central differences from the preceding behaviorism’s; the other parts of the broader approach as they relate to each other will be summarized in the paradigm sections