Learning - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
... response that was originally evoked by another stimulus Process was first described around 1900 by Ivan Pavlov (a Russian physiologist) who was studying digestion Sometimes referred to as “Pavlovian conditioning” The term “conditioning” comes from Pavlov’s determination to discover the “condition ...
... response that was originally evoked by another stimulus Process was first described around 1900 by Ivan Pavlov (a Russian physiologist) who was studying digestion Sometimes referred to as “Pavlovian conditioning” The term “conditioning” comes from Pavlov’s determination to discover the “condition ...
Learning - Deerfield High School
... • Fixed-ratio Schedule – A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses. • These schedules usually produce rapid rates of responding with short post-reinforcement pauses • The length of the pause is directly proportional to the number of responses required • ...
... • Fixed-ratio Schedule – A schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses. • These schedules usually produce rapid rates of responding with short post-reinforcement pauses • The length of the pause is directly proportional to the number of responses required • ...
Memory
... learning were similar for all animals. Therefore, a pigeon and a person do not differ in their learning. However, behaviorists later suggested that learning is constrained by an animal’s biology. ...
... learning were similar for all animals. Therefore, a pigeon and a person do not differ in their learning. However, behaviorists later suggested that learning is constrained by an animal’s biology. ...
AP Module 18 19 20 Exam 11 12 test bank
... 17. Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates: A) generalization. B) secondary responding. C) shaping. D) spontaneous recovery. 18. An organism learns associations between events it doesn't control during the process of: A) ne ...
... 17. Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates: A) generalization. B) secondary responding. C) shaping. D) spontaneous recovery. 18. An organism learns associations between events it doesn't control during the process of: A) ne ...
Infant Learning
... • An unconditioned stimulus (UCS), say, a nipple inserted into the mouth, elicits a reflexive unlearned response (unconditioned response, UR), sucking. • The infant can become conditioned to the nipple (now a conditioned stimulus, CS) so that sucking occurs as soon as the baby sees a nipple (now a c ...
... • An unconditioned stimulus (UCS), say, a nipple inserted into the mouth, elicits a reflexive unlearned response (unconditioned response, UR), sucking. • The infant can become conditioned to the nipple (now a conditioned stimulus, CS) so that sucking occurs as soon as the baby sees a nipple (now a c ...
Infant Learning
... Classical Conditioning • An unconditioned stimulus (UCS), say, a nipple inserted into the mouth, elicits a reflexive unlearned response (unconditioned response, UR), sucking. • The infant can become conditioned to the nipple (now a conditioned stimulus, CS) so that sucking occurs as soon as the baby ...
... Classical Conditioning • An unconditioned stimulus (UCS), say, a nipple inserted into the mouth, elicits a reflexive unlearned response (unconditioned response, UR), sucking. • The infant can become conditioned to the nipple (now a conditioned stimulus, CS) so that sucking occurs as soon as the baby ...
Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning Chapter 7
... What if we could not distinguish between stimuli that were ...
... What if we could not distinguish between stimuli that were ...
Introduction to Psychology
... Response is followed by an end to discomfort or a removal of an unpleasant event (negative = removal/taking away something) ...
... Response is followed by an end to discomfort or a removal of an unpleasant event (negative = removal/taking away something) ...
Learning2
... • Spontaneous Recovery: An extinguished behavior reoccurs (responding to the CS) after rest period. • Generalization: After an organism is conditioned to respond to a stimulus, it also responds, though less strongly, to different, but similar stimuli, forming a stimulus generalization. • Discriminat ...
... • Spontaneous Recovery: An extinguished behavior reoccurs (responding to the CS) after rest period. • Generalization: After an organism is conditioned to respond to a stimulus, it also responds, though less strongly, to different, but similar stimuli, forming a stimulus generalization. • Discriminat ...
Chapter 9: Behavioral Learning
... Environmental Stimuli What constitutes “environmental stimuli”? Answer: Just about everything outside of us! ...
... Environmental Stimuli What constitutes “environmental stimuli”? Answer: Just about everything outside of us! ...
Psych 1 Chapter-5 Review Quiz 1. Learning that occurs but is not
... When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that _______________. a. food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig, and so learning didn't occur b. when given edible roots a ...
... When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that _______________. a. food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig, and so learning didn't occur b. when given edible roots a ...
Step Up To: Psychology
... 21. Albert Bandura contends that most human behavior: • A) is acquired through observational learning. • B) is shaped through repeated trial-anderror. • C) is reinforced through positive conditioning. • D) is planned out and not accidental. ...
... 21. Albert Bandura contends that most human behavior: • A) is acquired through observational learning. • B) is shaped through repeated trial-anderror. • C) is reinforced through positive conditioning. • D) is planned out and not accidental. ...
learned
... • How did we get the subject to perform the behavior? • What if we had waited until he/she was able to perform the behavior perfectly before we reinforced it? • Shaping: reinforcing successive approximations ...
... • How did we get the subject to perform the behavior? • What if we had waited until he/she was able to perform the behavior perfectly before we reinforced it? • Shaping: reinforcing successive approximations ...
Classical Conditioning Features of Classical Conditioning Theorists
... a response. An example from the original experiment follows: A dog was presented with meat powder, known as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The dog then salivated (unconditioned response (UCR)) in response to the meat powder. A bell was presented (formerly a neutral stimulus), and evoked a salivar ...
... a response. An example from the original experiment follows: A dog was presented with meat powder, known as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). The dog then salivated (unconditioned response (UCR)) in response to the meat powder. A bell was presented (formerly a neutral stimulus), and evoked a salivar ...
Discussion 4 - UCI Social Sciences
... random/variable time schedule Ratio schedules: reinforcement occurs after a certain number of responses Fixed Ratio = reinforcement presented after a fixed # of responses Variable Ratio = reinforcement delivery is variable but based on an overall average # of responses ...
... random/variable time schedule Ratio schedules: reinforcement occurs after a certain number of responses Fixed Ratio = reinforcement presented after a fixed # of responses Variable Ratio = reinforcement delivery is variable but based on an overall average # of responses ...
unit 6: learning - Mayfield City Schools
... perform an intricate behavior by building up to it in small steps is called __SHAPING__. This method involves reinforcing successive ____APPROXIMATIONS__ of the desired behavior. 7. In experiments to determine what an animal can perceive, researchers have found that animals are capable of forming __ ...
... perform an intricate behavior by building up to it in small steps is called __SHAPING__. This method involves reinforcing successive ____APPROXIMATIONS__ of the desired behavior. 7. In experiments to determine what an animal can perceive, researchers have found that animals are capable of forming __ ...
Aversive Control
... using a shock US. Which of the following procedures would be most likely to cause the tone to lose its inhibitory power? A. Present the tone alone for 20 trials B. Present the tone alone for 200 trials C. Present 100 trials where the shock is followed by the tone D. Present 100 trials where shocks a ...
... using a shock US. Which of the following procedures would be most likely to cause the tone to lose its inhibitory power? A. Present the tone alone for 20 trials B. Present the tone alone for 200 trials C. Present 100 trials where the shock is followed by the tone D. Present 100 trials where shocks a ...
Classical Conditioning
... The next day the dog is likely to stop at the same door on it’s rounds. Once again your neighbor produces another bone, so the dog becomes a regular visitor! Why? ...
... The next day the dog is likely to stop at the same door on it’s rounds. Once again your neighbor produces another bone, so the dog becomes a regular visitor! Why? ...
The Process of Learning: Skinner`s Scientific Analysis of
... avoid negative consequences, perhaps than to produce positive ones. Due to nature of avoidance conditioning, negative consequences do not occur therefore avoidance behavior is less strongly reinforced. Eventually we fail to emit it (avoidance). We run through a red light or drive too fast and rece ...
... avoid negative consequences, perhaps than to produce positive ones. Due to nature of avoidance conditioning, negative consequences do not occur therefore avoidance behavior is less strongly reinforced. Eventually we fail to emit it (avoidance). We run through a red light or drive too fast and rece ...
conditioned
... Variable-ratio schedule Number of responses needed for reinforcement changes from one time to the next. Fixed-interval schedule Reinforce first response after a predetermined amount of time has elapsed. Time interval always same. ...
... Variable-ratio schedule Number of responses needed for reinforcement changes from one time to the next. Fixed-interval schedule Reinforce first response after a predetermined amount of time has elapsed. Time interval always same. ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION VI SEMESTER B.Sc. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY
... a) Reattribution b) redefining c) reattribution d) all the above e) none of the above 20. The author of the book ‘psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition’ a)Aaron T Beck b) Ellis c) Skinner d) Joseph Wolpe e) Pavlov 21. Behavior and cognitive counselors use a) Psychological testing b) checklist c) qu ...
... a) Reattribution b) redefining c) reattribution d) all the above e) none of the above 20. The author of the book ‘psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition’ a)Aaron T Beck b) Ellis c) Skinner d) Joseph Wolpe e) Pavlov 21. Behavior and cognitive counselors use a) Psychological testing b) checklist c) qu ...
Learning - ThaparNotes
... response. • Unconditional stimulus (UCS) a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response (food). • Unconditional response (UCR) a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response. • An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or ...
... response. • Unconditional stimulus (UCS) a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response (food). • Unconditional response (UCR) a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response. • An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or ...
Operant Conditioning
... Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior • How does this differ from classical conditioning? (The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food) ...
... Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior • How does this differ from classical conditioning? (The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food) ...
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning (also, “instrumental conditioning”) is a learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences. For example, a child may learn to open a box to get the candy inside, or learn to avoid touching a hot stove. In contrast, classical conditioning causes a stimulus to signal a positive or negative consequence; the resulting behavior does not produce the consequence. For example, the sight of a colorful wrapper comes to signal ""candy"", causing a child to salivate, or the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis.