Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium and, in this case, the exchange might be faster than the ...
... turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium and, in this case, the exchange might be faster than the ...
Endoplasmic reticulum localization of the low density lipoprotein
... membrane. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to visualize endogenous LDLR, transfected LDLR, and transport-defective LDLR mutants in Ldlr⫺/⫺ (C–F) and wild-type hepatocytes (all other panels). (A and B) Endogenous LDLR was visualized in nonpermeabilized and permeabilized hepatocytes, respectively, ...
... membrane. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to visualize endogenous LDLR, transfected LDLR, and transport-defective LDLR mutants in Ldlr⫺/⫺ (C–F) and wild-type hepatocytes (all other panels). (A and B) Endogenous LDLR was visualized in nonpermeabilized and permeabilized hepatocytes, respectively, ...
Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of
... aleurone cells and are present at grain maturity. They contain numerous inclusions of phytin and protein/carbohydrate (Figures 1A and 1E; Jacobsen et al., 1971) and are delineated by a tonoplast that has oleosomes embedded between the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane (Fernandez and Staehelin ...
... aleurone cells and are present at grain maturity. They contain numerous inclusions of phytin and protein/carbohydrate (Figures 1A and 1E; Jacobsen et al., 1971) and are delineated by a tonoplast that has oleosomes embedded between the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane (Fernandez and Staehelin ...
A low-molecular-mass protein from Methylococcus
... oxidized further to carbon dioxide, generating energy in the form of NADH,. The oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is catalysed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH),of which there are two principal types depending on whether the electron acceptor is NAD' or an artificial dye. Within these two group ...
... oxidized further to carbon dioxide, generating energy in the form of NADH,. The oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is catalysed by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH),of which there are two principal types depending on whether the electron acceptor is NAD' or an artificial dye. Within these two group ...
Roles of Arabidopsis PARC6 in Coordination of
... by a cleavable N-terminal transit peptide and localized in the IEM. However, whereas ARC6 has a single transmembrane domain (TMD), PARC6 is predicted to bear two, and while a portion of its N terminus was clearly shown to reside in the stroma, its full topology has not been established (Glynn et al. ...
... by a cleavable N-terminal transit peptide and localized in the IEM. However, whereas ARC6 has a single transmembrane domain (TMD), PARC6 is predicted to bear two, and while a portion of its N terminus was clearly shown to reside in the stroma, its full topology has not been established (Glynn et al. ...
S C T
... attached oligosaccharides. The weak noncovalent interactions between neighbouring molecules give rise to the membrane fluidity, i.e. the lipids can move easily within the plane of the membrane. The fluidity of the membrane is affected by the length of the FA chains and degree of unsaturation in the ...
... attached oligosaccharides. The weak noncovalent interactions between neighbouring molecules give rise to the membrane fluidity, i.e. the lipids can move easily within the plane of the membrane. The fluidity of the membrane is affected by the length of the FA chains and degree of unsaturation in the ...
Selenocysteine insertion directed by the 3′
... There is a key difference in the location of SECIS elements in bacteria versus archaea and eukaryotes. In known bacterial selenoprotein genes, SECIS elements are located in coding regions immediately downstream of UGA codons such that the distance between UGA and the apical loop of SECIS elements is ...
... There is a key difference in the location of SECIS elements in bacteria versus archaea and eukaryotes. In known bacterial selenoprotein genes, SECIS elements are located in coding regions immediately downstream of UGA codons such that the distance between UGA and the apical loop of SECIS elements is ...
Regulation of the Function of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug
... Surprisingly, these mutants were similarly activated by cholesterol as the non-mutant protein. Bile acids are abundantly formed from cholesterol in hepatocytes, and bile acids and their derivatives are present in all tissue fluids. Due to their enterohepatic circulation, bile acid concentrations are ...
... Surprisingly, these mutants were similarly activated by cholesterol as the non-mutant protein. Bile acids are abundantly formed from cholesterol in hepatocytes, and bile acids and their derivatives are present in all tissue fluids. Due to their enterohepatic circulation, bile acid concentrations are ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, the leading cause of cardiac death in Latin America (Urbina and Docampo 2003; Rohloff and Docampo 2008). The T. cruzi is transmitted through the feces of triatomine insect vector ...
... The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, the leading cause of cardiac death in Latin America (Urbina and Docampo 2003; Rohloff and Docampo 2008). The T. cruzi is transmitted through the feces of triatomine insect vector ...
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
... Microbial Cell Factories, May 2012;11(1):55 2. Aggregation of the neuroblastoma-associated mutant (S120G) of the human nucleoside diphosphate kinase-A/NM23-H1 into amyloid fibrils Georgescauld F, Sabaté R, Espargaró A, Ventura S, Chaignepain S, Lacombe ML, Lascu I Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Archives of P ...
... Microbial Cell Factories, May 2012;11(1):55 2. Aggregation of the neuroblastoma-associated mutant (S120G) of the human nucleoside diphosphate kinase-A/NM23-H1 into amyloid fibrils Georgescauld F, Sabaté R, Espargaró A, Ventura S, Chaignepain S, Lacombe ML, Lascu I Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Archives of P ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... of cAMP signalling complexes is the likelihood that the concentration of cAMP differs in the microdomains where it is synthesized from the broad cytosol into which it can diffuse. Newly developed methods for the measurement of cAMP in microdomains may allow a dissection of the factors contributing t ...
... of cAMP signalling complexes is the likelihood that the concentration of cAMP differs in the microdomains where it is synthesized from the broad cytosol into which it can diffuse. Newly developed methods for the measurement of cAMP in microdomains may allow a dissection of the factors contributing t ...
DOMAIN-BASED APPROACHES TO
... integrated into networks, which shows the interactions among its components. In addition to its core functionality, Cytoscape is extensible through a plug-in manner, allowing versatile developments of additional computational analyses and features. ...
... integrated into networks, which shows the interactions among its components. In addition to its core functionality, Cytoscape is extensible through a plug-in manner, allowing versatile developments of additional computational analyses and features. ...
Transfer RNA is highly unstable during early
... nally, a recent report showed that tRNA halflife in E. coli is strongly affected during oxidative stress (16). Together, these and other studies support a general view of dynamic control of both the production, modification, aminoacylation, and degradation of tRNAs, which serves to align the supply ...
... nally, a recent report showed that tRNA halflife in E. coli is strongly affected during oxidative stress (16). Together, these and other studies support a general view of dynamic control of both the production, modification, aminoacylation, and degradation of tRNAs, which serves to align the supply ...
Increased Levels of LPS-Binding Protein in Bovine - PubAg
... samples (1:15,000) was added to each well. Plates were incubated for 1 h at room temperature and subsequently washed as above. Sheep-anti-BSA conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was diluted 1:60,000 in TBS wash buffer containing 2% gelatin, and 100 µl of this solution was added to each well. ...
... samples (1:15,000) was added to each well. Plates were incubated for 1 h at room temperature and subsequently washed as above. Sheep-anti-BSA conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was diluted 1:60,000 in TBS wash buffer containing 2% gelatin, and 100 µl of this solution was added to each well. ...
The Plant Cell - Department of Biology
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
Investigation of Factors Affecting Opalescence and Phase
... thorough understanding of the problems associated with high concentrations, especially for newer molecules such as DVD-IgTM protein, which are larger than the naturally occurring IgG molecules. Literature review shows that, extrinsic factors such as pH, ionic strength, excipients, protein concentrat ...
... thorough understanding of the problems associated with high concentrations, especially for newer molecules such as DVD-IgTM protein, which are larger than the naturally occurring IgG molecules. Literature review shows that, extrinsic factors such as pH, ionic strength, excipients, protein concentrat ...
Structure and Function Relationships between ATPase Family, AAA
... 1.1 Translesion DNA Synthesis Faithful replication of a cell’s genetic material during replication is essential in order to pass genetic material from one generation to the next; however, DNA-damaging agents constantly injure the genome. High fidelity replication of the cell’s genetic material is no ...
... 1.1 Translesion DNA Synthesis Faithful replication of a cell’s genetic material during replication is essential in order to pass genetic material from one generation to the next; however, DNA-damaging agents constantly injure the genome. High fidelity replication of the cell’s genetic material is no ...
Oxidative stress stimulates multiple MAPK signalling pathways and
... Although the above-described mechanisms leading to oxidative stress are common in all air-breathing organisms, there are some distinguishable differences between higher and lower vertebrates and/or invertebrates. Mammals are designed to function under high oxygen pressure and therefore show a limite ...
... Although the above-described mechanisms leading to oxidative stress are common in all air-breathing organisms, there are some distinguishable differences between higher and lower vertebrates and/or invertebrates. Mammals are designed to function under high oxygen pressure and therefore show a limite ...
THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF F PLASMID TRAI AND
... necessary for transfer in a region known as the tra operon (Zechner et al., 2000). This region contains the tra and trb gene clusters, which encode a series of genes required for conjugation. F plasmid also has an origin of replication (oriV) and an origin of transfer (oriT). The oriT is the positio ...
... necessary for transfer in a region known as the tra operon (Zechner et al., 2000). This region contains the tra and trb gene clusters, which encode a series of genes required for conjugation. F plasmid also has an origin of replication (oriV) and an origin of transfer (oriT). The oriT is the positio ...
Translocation of Structural P Proteins in the Phloem
... Figure 5. RT-PCR Gel Blot Analyses of Cucurbita PP1 and PP2 mRNAs from Intergeneric Grafts of Cucumis sativus Scions on Cucurbita maxima or Cucurbita ficifolia Stocks. RT-PCR products generated from total RNA with 59 and 39 primers that flank the protein coding sequences of genes encoding PP1 and PP ...
... Figure 5. RT-PCR Gel Blot Analyses of Cucurbita PP1 and PP2 mRNAs from Intergeneric Grafts of Cucumis sativus Scions on Cucurbita maxima or Cucurbita ficifolia Stocks. RT-PCR products generated from total RNA with 59 and 39 primers that flank the protein coding sequences of genes encoding PP1 and PP ...
Transport and Sorting of the Solanum tuberosum Sucrose
... even in the presence of 10 mM H2O2 (Figures 3A and 3B). However, the amount of intracellular GFP fluorescence is decreased in the erg6 mutant as observed before in the yeast mutant SUSY7 if cells are treated with oxidizing agents (Figure 3B). Thus, plasma membrane (PM) targeting of the GFP fusion pr ...
... even in the presence of 10 mM H2O2 (Figures 3A and 3B). However, the amount of intracellular GFP fluorescence is decreased in the erg6 mutant as observed before in the yeast mutant SUSY7 if cells are treated with oxidizing agents (Figure 3B). Thus, plasma membrane (PM) targeting of the GFP fusion pr ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... Dynamic molecular interaction networks underlie biological phenomena. Among the many genes which are involved, p53 plays a central role in networks controlling cellular life and death. It not only operates as a tumor suppressor, but also helps regulate hundreds of genes in response to various types ...
... Dynamic molecular interaction networks underlie biological phenomena. Among the many genes which are involved, p53 plays a central role in networks controlling cellular life and death. It not only operates as a tumor suppressor, but also helps regulate hundreds of genes in response to various types ...
Lens Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP)
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
Protein (nutrient)
Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one of the building blocks of body tissue, and can also serve as a fuel source. As a fuel, proteins contain 4 kcal per gram, just like carbohydrates and unlike lipids, which contain 9 kcal per gram. The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.Proteins are polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. During human digestion, proteins are broken down in the stomach to smaller polypeptide chains via hydrochloric acid and protease actions. This is crucial for the synthesis of the essential amino acids that cannot be biosynthesized by the body.There are nine essential amino acids which humans must obtain from their diet in order to prevent protein-energy malnutrition. They are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine. There are five dispensable amino acids which humans are able to synthesize in the body. These five are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid and serine. There are six conditionally essential amino acids whose synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. These six are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine.Humans need the essential amino acids in certain ratios. Some protein sources contain amino acids in a more or less 'complete' sense. This has given rise to various ranking systems for protein sources, as described in the article.Animal sources of protein include meats, dairy products, fish and eggs. Vegan sources of protein include whole grains, pulses, legumes, soy, and nuts. Vegetarians and vegans can get enough essential amino acids by eating a variety of plant proteins. It is commonly believed that athletes should consume a higher-than-normal protein intake to maintain optimal physical performance.