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What is a Magnet?
What is a Magnet?

Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity and Magnetism

... Objects that have equal numbers of electrons and protons have a neutral, or zero, charge. An object with more protons than electrons have a ______positive_______________________ charge. An object with more electrons than protons have a ______negative_______________________ charge. The greater the im ...
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IPEKA Problem

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правила оформлення статей до науково

... material permeability proportionally to acting mechanical stress. The permeability increment Δμ proportional to the mechanical stress σ can described by relation [1] Δμ  ...
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CLASS-10TH -CHAPTER -13 MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

... parallel so that every appliance gets equal voltage and even if one is switched off the others are not affected. The appliances having metallic body like electric iron, refrigerators etc., their metallic body is connected to the earth wire so that if there is leakage of current, it passes to the ear ...
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Print PDF

Frequently Asked Questions about magnetic shielding
Frequently Asked Questions about magnetic shielding

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"The Line of Resistance" PowerPoint Presentation to the March

... motion) per second. In a similar manner, electron current flow depends on width and thickness of conductor, density of free electrons, and the speed of the electrons: electron flow is number of electric charges that pass a point (plane perpendicular to motion) per second.) ...
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Magnetism - samjeespace

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8.3 Resistance and Ohm`s Law

HOTS Questions with Answers Magnetic Effects of Electric
HOTS Questions with Answers Magnetic Effects of Electric

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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