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Animating Matter: Creating Organic
Animating Matter: Creating Organic

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Magnetic Fields 2

... ELE 100 Introduction to Engineering Magnetic Fields Lab In magnetism, direction is defined by naming one pole of a magnet the north pole and the other the south pole. The magnetic field of the earth was known in early times in that a magnetite (a mineral, naturally occurring material) needle floatin ...
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... The attraction and holding of the ferromagnetic material is made by permanent magnets incorporated in the product. It has not got any plunger, its magnetic circuit is opened. Apart from the permanent magnets there is a coil mounted in, when this is fed, cancels part of the magnet field of the magnet ...
CLOs n Syllabus PHY407
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... : Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Explain the concepts, laws and theories in electrostatics, electricity and magnetism using either or a combination of the qualitative, visual and quantitative approach. (LO1-C2) 2. Observe, predict, conduct and discuss results of scienti ...
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... Using minimum Hop Routing Protocol with higher layers protocol like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), then it had some undesirable effects. DSDV builds routing tables by sending hello packets to neighbors. Hello packets are broadcast packets that contain cumulative routing information. S ...
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Physical properties of wave motion in inclined magnetic fields within

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3D Visualization and Visual Data Mining

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... charges would move. The actual charge carriers, however, are generally electrons, which move opposite in direction to I . Drift velocity—net velocity of charge carriers (drift speed is relatively small; 68 min. on average for an electron to travel 1.0 m) Current sources 1. Batteries—change chemical ...
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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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