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Tutorial 3 Magnetostatics
Tutorial 3 Magnetostatics

... magnitude 2x10-13 N. Determine the angle between the magnetic field and proton’s velocity? Biot- Savart Law Q5. The metal niobium becomes a superconductor with the zero electrical resistance when it is cooled to below 9 K, but its superconductive behavior ceases when the magnetic flux density at its ...
An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has the electric and magnetic
An electromagnetic wave in vacuum has the electric and magnetic

Ch33 The Magnetic Field
Ch33 The Magnetic Field

...  Oersted’s discovery:  In the midst of a ...
Magnetism 4 Electromagnets
Magnetism 4 Electromagnets

Lesson 03 - 4 Quantum numbers
Lesson 03 - 4 Quantum numbers

class number
class number

Chapter 64: The Magnetic Moment of the Electron
Chapter 64: The Magnetic Moment of the Electron

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Problems for week 8

... Problems for week 8 ...
12/06/05
12/06/05

... •Note that these materials are quite heavily doped! •II-VI materials have been much harder to work with (unable to dope; exchange interaction difficult to control). ...
1 Basics of magnetic materials Definitions in SI
1 Basics of magnetic materials Definitions in SI

Today: Oscilloscope and Faraday’s Law
Today: Oscilloscope and Faraday’s Law

... wire. The resulting current in the coil made it act like a magnet. In other words a current can produce an magnetic field – evidence that electricity and magnetism are ...
19.8: Magnetic force between two parallel conductors
19.8: Magnetic force between two parallel conductors

... Classical model for electrons in atoms: 1.Orbital motion of electron: like a loop current (but B-field produced by 1 electron can be cancelled out by an oppositely revolving electron in the same atom) 2. “spin” of individual electrons produces much stronger Bfield: each electron itself acts like a m ...
4.3 A NOTE ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Metals • The definitive
4.3 A NOTE ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Metals • The definitive

Putting electrons in motion Electron movement through conductors
Putting electrons in motion Electron movement through conductors

... Electrons move at the drift velocity. Resistance is the ratio of voltage applied  to current. The ratio is linear for most  metals.  Resistivity is a material property.  Electrical energy will be converted to  thermal energy on a resistor. The rate of  conversion is the power. ...
Types of Magnetism and Magnetic Domains
Types of Magnetism and Magnetic Domains

... • Ferromagnetic materials become magnetized when the magnetic domains within the material are aligned. • This can be done by placing the material in a strong external magnetic field or by passing electrical current through the material. • Some or all of the domains can become aligned. The more doma ...
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Chapter27_11

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Notes24

Forming, Probing and Transforming Carbon Nanostructures*
Forming, Probing and Transforming Carbon Nanostructures*

VOICE OVER FOR TLM for Project 5 - Class  CBSE
VOICE OVER FOR TLM for Project 5 - Class CBSE

Abstract_Kee Hoon Kim
Abstract_Kee Hoon Kim

Notes-1: Magnetic Fields
Notes-1: Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Properties of TMs So far we have seen that some
Magnetic Properties of TMs So far we have seen that some

... This is a case that involves a spin crossover for the d6 Fe(II) ion. The crossover involves going from high spin S = 2 (t2g4eg2) to low spin S ...
Zeeman Effect
Zeeman Effect

... Since the distance between the Zeeman sub-levels is proportional to the magnetic field, this effect is used by astronomers to measure the magnetic field of the Sun and other stars. There is also an anomalous Zeeman effect that appears on transitions where the net spin of the electrons is not 0, the ...
Ultrathin Films and Some Cross Effect
Ultrathin Films and Some Cross Effect

Baby-Quiz
Baby-Quiz

< 1 ... 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 139 >

Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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