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4.1.4 Summary to: Magnetic Materials - Definitions and General Relations
4.1.4 Summary to: Magnetic Materials - Definitions and General Relations

... looks at the total effect: material plus the field that induces the polarization. Magnetic polarization mechanisms are formally similar to dielectric polarization mechanisms, but the physics can be entirely different. ...
4.1.4 Summary to: Magnetic Materials - Definitions and General Relations
4.1.4 Summary to: Magnetic Materials - Definitions and General Relations

... that induces the polarization. Magnetic polarization mechanisms are formally similar to dielectric polarization mechanisms, but the physics can be entirely different. ...
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... In an effort to reduce the amount of rare earths needed, we study new materials in terms of their magnetic properties, especially their magnetic anisotropy. The magnetostriction of a material is intimately connected to the magnetic anisotropy; therefore, if one knows the magnetostriction tensor, the ...
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Basics of Magnetism - Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced

... instead. This discrepancy is very well explained by Bloch’s spin-wave theory. ...
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Worksheet 8.2 - Magnetic Forces on Wires and Charges

... 1. A particle carrying a charge of 0.50 μC enters a magnetic field of strength 0.045 T, with a velocity of 350 m/s. The velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field. What is the magnetic force acting on the charged particle? 2. A segment of conducting wire 5.0 cm long carrying 5.0 A of current is ...
Worksheet - Magnetic Forces on Wires and Charges
Worksheet - Magnetic Forces on Wires and Charges

Vocabulary # 1
Vocabulary # 1

... Magnet: An object that sticks to iron or steel Magnetism: A property of certain kinds of materials that causes them to attract iron or steel. Pole: Either of two opposing forces or parts, such as the poles of a magnet Photosphere- the outside part of the sun that can be seen where the atmosphere of ...
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Magnetic field modelling Directional drilling Earth`s magnetic field

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The Physics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Physics 231 Course Review, Part 3

... 1) First determine the plane that contains A and B. The cross product will point perpendicular to that plane. There are only two choices. 2) Use the Right Hand r Ruler to rpick which choice is correct. 3) If you are using F = qv × B , Remember that a negative charge will reverse the direction of the ...
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Hall Probes for Magnetic Field Measurement

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Magnetic Force Exerted on a Current-Carrying Wire

... 1. The electric field exerts a force on objects with electric charge. The gravitational field exerts a force on objects with mass (mass can be thought of as a gravitational "charge".) However, every “magnetic object” that has ever been found has both a north pole and a south pole, but never just one ...
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... (note this energy splitting is small ~10-5 eV in H). We can estimate the splitting using the Bohr model to estimate the internal magnetic field. For atomic electrons, the relative orbital motion of the nucleus creates a magnetic field (for l  0). The electron spin can have ms = ±1/2 relative to the ...
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A Hands-on introduction to Geant4

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File - Lagan Physics

... b) The ammeter needle would move first in one direction, then back to zero and then in the opposite direction and back to zero again. It would continue like this as long as the wire was moving in and out of the magnetic field. c) i) The ammeter would still move from one side to the other, but would ...
The Parts of the Compass - 2137 Calgary Highlanders
The Parts of the Compass - 2137 Calgary Highlanders

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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