Equilibrium Statistics of Channel-confined DNA
... and visualising single DNA molecules have been developed by biologists. Similarly, the development of clean room patterning techniques allows for the manufacturing of well-defined geometries down to the nanometre scale [2, 5, 17]. This has enabled the testing of old polymer theory predictions [18–23 ...
... and visualising single DNA molecules have been developed by biologists. Similarly, the development of clean room patterning techniques allows for the manufacturing of well-defined geometries down to the nanometre scale [2, 5, 17]. This has enabled the testing of old polymer theory predictions [18–23 ...
Abiogenesis
... • Experiment designed to simulate the early Earth • Synthesised organic compounds – The building blocks of life ...
... • Experiment designed to simulate the early Earth • Synthesised organic compounds – The building blocks of life ...
Epigenetics - Institute for Cancer Genetics
... non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation at several levels transcription, mRNA degradation, splicing, transport and translation (21). The main function of siRNAs and miRNAs is posttranscriptional regulation. They pair with homologous mRNAs and may cause translatio ...
... non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation at several levels transcription, mRNA degradation, splicing, transport and translation (21). The main function of siRNAs and miRNAs is posttranscriptional regulation. They pair with homologous mRNAs and may cause translatio ...
View PDF
... using a word processor, the codon 12 was changed to GAT (G12D), GTT (G12V), TGT (G12C) or AGT (G12S) and the sequences were pasted in the input box B of the multi-sequence application of SQR. As shown in Figure 9, the software showed the enzymes that cut identically in all pairs of sequences and als ...
... using a word processor, the codon 12 was changed to GAT (G12D), GTT (G12V), TGT (G12C) or AGT (G12S) and the sequences were pasted in the input box B of the multi-sequence application of SQR. As shown in Figure 9, the software showed the enzymes that cut identically in all pairs of sequences and als ...
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation
... the start codon of the E1 gene, and the acceptor site situated close to the middle of the E2 gene [24,25]. The fact that most of E4 overlaps with E2, that the mature E1^E4 protein contains a few amino acids from E1 and that the splice sites are not strictly conserved, makes it difficult to determine ...
... the start codon of the E1 gene, and the acceptor site situated close to the middle of the E2 gene [24,25]. The fact that most of E4 overlaps with E2, that the mature E1^E4 protein contains a few amino acids from E1 and that the splice sites are not strictly conserved, makes it difficult to determine ...
RNA Polymerase - California Lutheran University
... – Requires elongation factor called EF-Tu to bind to tRNA and GTP – Peptide bond can then form – Addition of successive amino acids occurs as a cycle ...
... – Requires elongation factor called EF-Tu to bind to tRNA and GTP – Peptide bond can then form – Addition of successive amino acids occurs as a cycle ...
Massive Changes in Genome Architecture Accompany
... codons and, in a branch-specific analysis using PAML, a higher dN/dS ratio along the N. tetrasperma branch for the genes in the nonrecombining region compared to their N. crassa and N. discreta orthologs. However, these analyses assume that the location and number of nonrecombining strata in their li ...
... codons and, in a branch-specific analysis using PAML, a higher dN/dS ratio along the N. tetrasperma branch for the genes in the nonrecombining region compared to their N. crassa and N. discreta orthologs. However, these analyses assume that the location and number of nonrecombining strata in their li ...
Painting the target around the matching profile
... these simple formuli that is known as a theta correction (Butler, 2005, pp. 506–507). For ease of exposition, I will ignore the theta correction as it makes little difference to the issues raised here. ...
... these simple formuli that is known as a theta correction (Butler, 2005, pp. 506–507). For ease of exposition, I will ignore the theta correction as it makes little difference to the issues raised here. ...
Nucleoid occlusion and bacterial cell division
... time and place to ensure equality of the progeny and integrity of the genome. Nucleoid occlusion is a defence mechanism that prevents the chromosome from being bisected and broken by the division septum. It does so by preventing Z ring formation near the nucleoid, which also helps to determine the l ...
... time and place to ensure equality of the progeny and integrity of the genome. Nucleoid occlusion is a defence mechanism that prevents the chromosome from being bisected and broken by the division septum. It does so by preventing Z ring formation near the nucleoid, which also helps to determine the l ...
Codon bias domains over bacterial chromosomes
... Introduction to the bacterial translation system and the codon bias Structuration of the bacterial chromosomes by codon bias domains Why tRNAs in phages? ...
... Introduction to the bacterial translation system and the codon bias Structuration of the bacterial chromosomes by codon bias domains Why tRNAs in phages? ...
Definition
... The second phase of evolution and development of biotechnology can be called ‘Classical Biotechnology’. This phase existed from 1800 to almost the middle of the twentieth century. During this period various observations started pouring in, with scientific evidences. They were all very helpful toward ...
... The second phase of evolution and development of biotechnology can be called ‘Classical Biotechnology’. This phase existed from 1800 to almost the middle of the twentieth century. During this period various observations started pouring in, with scientific evidences. They were all very helpful toward ...
440origin - eweb.furman.edu
... genetic similarity in genes involved in particular pathways (suggesting gene duplication and subsequent evolution of new genes and elaboration of existing pathways) 5. Evolution of a genetic system - a reasonable hypothesis and significant corroborating evidence that it could happen. But no experime ...
... genetic similarity in genes involved in particular pathways (suggesting gene duplication and subsequent evolution of new genes and elaboration of existing pathways) 5. Evolution of a genetic system - a reasonable hypothesis and significant corroborating evidence that it could happen. But no experime ...
Plant centromeres: structure and control Eric J Richards and R Kelly
... the chromosomes poleward in anaphase. In addition, kinetochores appear to provide a signal for the spindle assembly checkpoint that determines when anaphase begins [1]. The animal kinetochore has four plate-like layers that may have unique functions in chromosome movement. The outermost layer, known ...
... the chromosomes poleward in anaphase. In addition, kinetochores appear to provide a signal for the spindle assembly checkpoint that determines when anaphase begins [1]. The animal kinetochore has four plate-like layers that may have unique functions in chromosome movement. The outermost layer, known ...
Chpt15_PosNegCntrl.doc
... (lactose permease) and initial breakdown of lactose (the disaccharide -Dgalactosyl-1->4-D-glucose) into galactose and glucose (catalyzed by galactosidase). These monosaccharides are broken down to lactate (principally via glycolysis, producing ATP), and from lactate to CO2 (via the citric acid cyc ...
... (lactose permease) and initial breakdown of lactose (the disaccharide -Dgalactosyl-1->4-D-glucose) into galactose and glucose (catalyzed by galactosidase). These monosaccharides are broken down to lactate (principally via glycolysis, producing ATP), and from lactate to CO2 (via the citric acid cyc ...
No Slide Title
... factors from the AP-1 family such as Fos and Jun. • Increases in intracellular calcium via IP3 IP3, produced by PLC-, binds to calcium channels in the ER and releases intracellular stores of Ca++ into the cytosol. Increased intracellular [Ca++] activate a phospatase, calcineurin, which in turn acti ...
... factors from the AP-1 family such as Fos and Jun. • Increases in intracellular calcium via IP3 IP3, produced by PLC-, binds to calcium channels in the ER and releases intracellular stores of Ca++ into the cytosol. Increased intracellular [Ca++] activate a phospatase, calcineurin, which in turn acti ...
Laboratory manual for the diagnosis of whooping cough caused by... pertussis/ Bordetella parapertussis
... Recently, using microarrays, it was shown that in France there is a temporal decrease in genetic diversity with a loss of pseudogenes or genes not important for the virulence of the bacterium. However, there is no proof that these changes could affect vaccine efficacy. Surveillance must continue so ...
... Recently, using microarrays, it was shown that in France there is a temporal decrease in genetic diversity with a loss of pseudogenes or genes not important for the virulence of the bacterium. However, there is no proof that these changes could affect vaccine efficacy. Surveillance must continue so ...
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives
... consequence of strong oxidative damage [8]. In many extant organisms, DSBs, introduced by the meiosis-specific spo11 protein, appear to be done regularly [25]. DSB formation is under control of numerous enzymes acting in complex feedback loops, and appears clustered in certain hotspots [12,26]. Howe ...
... consequence of strong oxidative damage [8]. In many extant organisms, DSBs, introduced by the meiosis-specific spo11 protein, appear to be done regularly [25]. DSB formation is under control of numerous enzymes acting in complex feedback loops, and appears clustered in certain hotspots [12,26]. Howe ...
Discovery of Enzymes
... Discovery of Enzymes 1825 Jon Jakob Berzelius discovered the catalytic effect of enzymes. 1926 James Sumner isolated the first enzyme in pure form. 1947 Northrup and Stanley together with Sumner were awarded the Nobel prize for the isolation of the enzyme pepsin. ...
... Discovery of Enzymes 1825 Jon Jakob Berzelius discovered the catalytic effect of enzymes. 1926 James Sumner isolated the first enzyme in pure form. 1947 Northrup and Stanley together with Sumner were awarded the Nobel prize for the isolation of the enzyme pepsin. ...
Biochem-EnzymesL
... Discovery of Enzymes 1825 Jon Jakob Berzelius discovered the catalytic effect of enzymes. 1926 James Sumner isolated the first enzyme in pure form. 1947 Northrup and Stanley together with Sumner were awarded the Nobel prize for the isolation of the enzyme pepsin. ...
... Discovery of Enzymes 1825 Jon Jakob Berzelius discovered the catalytic effect of enzymes. 1926 James Sumner isolated the first enzyme in pure form. 1947 Northrup and Stanley together with Sumner were awarded the Nobel prize for the isolation of the enzyme pepsin. ...
Identification of markers tightly linked to tomato yellow
... The tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is an economically important species of the Solanaceae family, and it is cultivated all over the world for human consumption. Recently, tomato crops have often been infected by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which causes significant yield losses in tomato (S ...
... The tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is an economically important species of the Solanaceae family, and it is cultivated all over the world for human consumption. Recently, tomato crops have often been infected by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), which causes significant yield losses in tomato (S ...
THE LAC OPERON
... Then Jacob and Monod added lactose to a culture of E.coli cells, and found that lactose was metabolized. Radioactive amino acids were incorporated into the enzyme beta-galactosidase. This was because the inducer(the lactose) removes the repressor and allows the transcription and translation of the b ...
... Then Jacob and Monod added lactose to a culture of E.coli cells, and found that lactose was metabolized. Radioactive amino acids were incorporated into the enzyme beta-galactosidase. This was because the inducer(the lactose) removes the repressor and allows the transcription and translation of the b ...
Cre-Lox recombination
In the field of genetics, Cre-Lox recombination is known as a site-specific recombinase technology, and is widely used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites in the DNA of cells. It allows the DNA modification to be targeted to a specific cell type or be triggered by a specific external stimulus. It is implemented both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems.The system consists of a single enzyme, Cre recombinase, that recombines a pair of short target sequences called the Lox sequences. This system can be implemented without inserting any extra supporting proteins or sequences. The Cre enzyme and the original Lox site called the LoxP sequence are derived from bacteriophage P1.Placing Lox sequences appropriately allows genes to be activated, repressed, or exchanged for other genes. At a DNA level many types of manipulations can be carried out. The activity of the Cre enzyme can be controlled so that it is expressed in a particular cell type or triggered by an external stimulus like a chemical signal or a heat shock. These targeted DNA changes are useful in cell lineage tracing and when mutants are lethal if expressed globally.The Cre-Lox system is very similar in action and in usage to the FLP-FRT recombination system.