Topic 3 The chemistry of life
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
... the reactions may occur faster. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They are proteins. The amino acids that make up these enzymes allow a tertiary and/or quaternary structure. Because each enzyme has a specific amino acid sequence, enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape. The molecule an enzy ...
Study Guide
... variation comes from mutations which we discuss later.) - Independent Assortment = In Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up randomly in pairs on the metaphase plate; any combination can take place. These means that there is a ...
... variation comes from mutations which we discuss later.) - Independent Assortment = In Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up randomly in pairs on the metaphase plate; any combination can take place. These means that there is a ...
lecture_09(LP)
... 1) An odd number of crossovers gives, on average, an equal number of parental and recombinant types. 2) An even number of crossovers gives, on average, an equal number of parental and recombinant types. 3) Alleles on two different chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate independently, giving on a ...
... 1) An odd number of crossovers gives, on average, an equal number of parental and recombinant types. 2) An even number of crossovers gives, on average, an equal number of parental and recombinant types. 3) Alleles on two different chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate independently, giving on a ...
Module 7 – Microbial Molecular Biology and Genetics
... thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring. Uracil is not usually found in DNA, occurring only as a breakdown product of cytosine. In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the proprieties of nucl ...
... thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring. Uracil is not usually found in DNA, occurring only as a breakdown product of cytosine. In addition to RNA and DNA a large number of artificial nucleic acid analogues have also been created to study the proprieties of nucl ...
View PDF - Genetics
... The relation between gene and character: Because a pair of genes, in some cases, determines the presence or absence of an enzyme or of a certain agglutinin in the blood, Muller pointed out, it would be absurd to conclude that the gene itself is an enzyme or an agglutinin. He believed that the relati ...
... The relation between gene and character: Because a pair of genes, in some cases, determines the presence or absence of an enzyme or of a certain agglutinin in the blood, Muller pointed out, it would be absurd to conclude that the gene itself is an enzyme or an agglutinin. He believed that the relati ...
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
Using the CATMOD Procedure to Estimate Linkage between Pairs of Gene Loci from Offspring of Selfed Heterozygotes
... When r = 112, the two loci are not linked and all four types are transmitted in equal proportions. If they are perfectly linked, then r = 0 and only gametes of types AB and ab are produced. Recombination values can be estimated in several different ways but are most commonly estimated using maximum ...
... When r = 112, the two loci are not linked and all four types are transmitted in equal proportions. If they are perfectly linked, then r = 0 and only gametes of types AB and ab are produced. Recombination values can be estimated in several different ways but are most commonly estimated using maximum ...
Chapter 27 Phage Strategies
... phage DNA from the bacterial chromosome. • plasmid – Circular, extrachromosomal DNA. It is autonomous and can replicate itself. • episome – A plasmid able to integrate into bacterial DNA. ...
... phage DNA from the bacterial chromosome. • plasmid – Circular, extrachromosomal DNA. It is autonomous and can replicate itself. • episome – A plasmid able to integrate into bacterial DNA. ...
The Maintenance and Propagation of Plasmid Genes in Bacterial
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
... two obvious possibilities present themselves. Either the plasmid could co-segregate with the chromosome (for example, as part of the nucleoid), or it could actively segregate independently via a membrane attachment site. Multicopy plasmids, in principle, can use an alternative strategy since their c ...
Author`s personal copy
... Some bacteria are able to take up DNA from their general environment (transformation), including DNA that encodes resistance determinants. Resistance genes are rarely found in bacteriophages, but they can move DNA between cells (transduction), and their mechanisms for integration into host chromosom ...
... Some bacteria are able to take up DNA from their general environment (transformation), including DNA that encodes resistance determinants. Resistance genes are rarely found in bacteriophages, but they can move DNA between cells (transduction), and their mechanisms for integration into host chromosom ...
Identifying a Knockout Line from Seedpool
... The fluorescence enhancement provided by using the H33258 dye has been shown to be highly specific for DNA, binding preferentially to A-T rich regions (Brunk et al., 1979; Labarca and Paigen, 1980). The dye binds twice as well to double-stranded DNA as to single-stranded DNA, but does not appear to ...
... The fluorescence enhancement provided by using the H33258 dye has been shown to be highly specific for DNA, binding preferentially to A-T rich regions (Brunk et al., 1979; Labarca and Paigen, 1980). The dye binds twice as well to double-stranded DNA as to single-stranded DNA, but does not appear to ...
estimation of homozygote recessive and heterozygous cdk3
... INTRODUCTION: Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play essential roles in the control of cell cycle progression by interacting with a variety of regulators and substrates. In the mammalian cell cycle, the transition from the Go/G1 phase to S phase, in which DNA r ...
... INTRODUCTION: Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play essential roles in the control of cell cycle progression by interacting with a variety of regulators and substrates. In the mammalian cell cycle, the transition from the Go/G1 phase to S phase, in which DNA r ...
26 DNA Transcription - School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... acids are transfered from tRNAs to a nascent (growing) polypeptide chain, with the amino acid sequence controlled by the mRNA. The peptidyl transferase center, which is the catalytic site of the ribosome, is all rRNA. So technically the ribosome is a ribozyme, not a protein enzyme. 3)Transfer RNAs ( ...
... acids are transfered from tRNAs to a nascent (growing) polypeptide chain, with the amino acid sequence controlled by the mRNA. The peptidyl transferase center, which is the catalytic site of the ribosome, is all rRNA. So technically the ribosome is a ribozyme, not a protein enzyme. 3)Transfer RNAs ( ...
Bioinformatics (Warm Up + Cracking the Genetic Code)
... chemicals, which he called nuclein (now nucleic acids) • He raised the idea that the nucleic acids could be involved in ...
... chemicals, which he called nuclein (now nucleic acids) • He raised the idea that the nucleic acids could be involved in ...
Unit B 4-5
... gene slicing. Genes are cut out of a DNA strand with a restriction enzyme that works like a scalpel. They are then inserted into circular DNA molecules in bacteria plasmids. ...
... gene slicing. Genes are cut out of a DNA strand with a restriction enzyme that works like a scalpel. They are then inserted into circular DNA molecules in bacteria plasmids. ...
Determination of a 17484 bp nucleotide sequence
... I1 (MtlA) of Escbericbia coli (637 aa), and mannitol transport protein of Bacillus stearotbermopbih (471 aa) and Stapkylococcus carnosus (505 aa). There are highly homologous regions in the N-terminal 370 aa of the four enzymes, whereas the aa sequences around position 400-500, corresponding to the ...
... I1 (MtlA) of Escbericbia coli (637 aa), and mannitol transport protein of Bacillus stearotbermopbih (471 aa) and Stapkylococcus carnosus (505 aa). There are highly homologous regions in the N-terminal 370 aa of the four enzymes, whereas the aa sequences around position 400-500, corresponding to the ...
Large Scale SNP Scanning on Human Chromosome Y and DNA
... Many genetic diseases have yet to be located on the human genome for reasons that include their multiple loci and incomplete penetration. To pinpoint these loci in terms of particular regions of the chromosomes, association studies, which compare allele frequency between affected individuals (proban ...
... Many genetic diseases have yet to be located on the human genome for reasons that include their multiple loci and incomplete penetration. To pinpoint these loci in terms of particular regions of the chromosomes, association studies, which compare allele frequency between affected individuals (proban ...
MICROBIAL GENETICS-III UGc - E
... have dCTP, UTP and dTTP (equivalent to TTP). 5_-Mono and -diphosphates are abbreviated as, for example, AMP and dGDP. Nucleoside 5_-triphosphates (NTPs), or deoxynucleoside 5_-triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of the polymeric nucleic acids. In the course of DNA or RNA synthesis, two pho ...
... have dCTP, UTP and dTTP (equivalent to TTP). 5_-Mono and -diphosphates are abbreviated as, for example, AMP and dGDP. Nucleoside 5_-triphosphates (NTPs), or deoxynucleoside 5_-triphosphates (dNTPs) are the building blocks of the polymeric nucleic acids. In the course of DNA or RNA synthesis, two pho ...
Cre-Lox recombination
In the field of genetics, Cre-Lox recombination is known as a site-specific recombinase technology, and is widely used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites in the DNA of cells. It allows the DNA modification to be targeted to a specific cell type or be triggered by a specific external stimulus. It is implemented both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems.The system consists of a single enzyme, Cre recombinase, that recombines a pair of short target sequences called the Lox sequences. This system can be implemented without inserting any extra supporting proteins or sequences. The Cre enzyme and the original Lox site called the LoxP sequence are derived from bacteriophage P1.Placing Lox sequences appropriately allows genes to be activated, repressed, or exchanged for other genes. At a DNA level many types of manipulations can be carried out. The activity of the Cre enzyme can be controlled so that it is expressed in a particular cell type or triggered by an external stimulus like a chemical signal or a heat shock. These targeted DNA changes are useful in cell lineage tracing and when mutants are lethal if expressed globally.The Cre-Lox system is very similar in action and in usage to the FLP-FRT recombination system.