Fundamentals of Microbiology: Disease transmission
... •R: Non-infectious •W: Concentration of pathogens in the environment •β: Infection rate due to exposure to pathogen •δ: Fraction of people who move from state I to state R • γ: Fraction of people who move from state R to state S •Solid lines: Individuals moving from state to state •Dashed lines: Pat ...
... •R: Non-infectious •W: Concentration of pathogens in the environment •β: Infection rate due to exposure to pathogen •δ: Fraction of people who move from state I to state R • γ: Fraction of people who move from state R to state S •Solid lines: Individuals moving from state to state •Dashed lines: Pat ...
Topic: Infection L1: Communicable Diseases
... • Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. ...
... • Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. ...
Introduction to Parasites: Classification, General Characteristics of
... Examples of protozoal infections diagnosed by examining stained blood smears Infection • African trypanosomiasis ...
... Examples of protozoal infections diagnosed by examining stained blood smears Infection • African trypanosomiasis ...
Principles of Disease 1. Define pathogen, infection, and disease. 2
... Compare and contrast normal microbiota (also called normal or resident flora) and opportunistic pathogens. Why do usually nonpathogenic bacteria sometimes become pathogenic? a. Know that some nonpathogenic bacteria become pathogenic if they are introduced into the wrong locations in the human body. ...
... Compare and contrast normal microbiota (also called normal or resident flora) and opportunistic pathogens. Why do usually nonpathogenic bacteria sometimes become pathogenic? a. Know that some nonpathogenic bacteria become pathogenic if they are introduced into the wrong locations in the human body. ...
“Flesh-Eating Disease” (Necrotizing Fasciitis)
... What is Flesh Eating Disease? Flesh-eating disease is also called necrotizing fasciitis. It is an infection that rapidly destroys tissue through the layers that surrounds muscles. If left untreated, it can cause death within 12 to 24 hours. It is estimated that there are between 90 and 200 cases per ...
... What is Flesh Eating Disease? Flesh-eating disease is also called necrotizing fasciitis. It is an infection that rapidly destroys tissue through the layers that surrounds muscles. If left untreated, it can cause death within 12 to 24 hours. It is estimated that there are between 90 and 200 cases per ...
Unit 14.5: Protists, Fungi, and Human Disease
... Protists and fungi may seem defenseless, but they can be deadly. Both are important causes of disease and death in other living things—including humans. Protists and Human Disease Most protist diseases in humans are caused by animal-like protists, or protozoa. Protozoa make us sick when they become ...
... Protists and fungi may seem defenseless, but they can be deadly. Both are important causes of disease and death in other living things—including humans. Protists and Human Disease Most protist diseases in humans are caused by animal-like protists, or protozoa. Protozoa make us sick when they become ...
Introduction to Infection (and Disease Prevention) Directions
... Organism transmission About Disease ...
... Organism transmission About Disease ...
Treatment of Diseases
... • The disease was most common among newly recruited soldiers who came from rural areas and therefore had not been exposed to the disease before, unlike recruits from the larger cities, who had come in contact with measles, among other diseases, already. • When a measles epidemic hit, between one-thi ...
... • The disease was most common among newly recruited soldiers who came from rural areas and therefore had not been exposed to the disease before, unlike recruits from the larger cities, who had come in contact with measles, among other diseases, already. • When a measles epidemic hit, between one-thi ...
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) or Gumboro Disease
... important organ in the young chickens developing immune system. IBD was first described as a specific new disease by Cosgrove in 1962 in the town of Gumboro, Delaware, USA. Variant IBDV strains were first reported in the USA in 1986/87, while Hyper or very virulent IBDV strains were first reported i ...
... important organ in the young chickens developing immune system. IBD was first described as a specific new disease by Cosgrove in 1962 in the town of Gumboro, Delaware, USA. Variant IBDV strains were first reported in the USA in 1986/87, while Hyper or very virulent IBDV strains were first reported i ...
Anthrax
... Anthrax affects most of the food animals. Most susceptible animal are cattle and sheep. Next in order is horse and pig. The disease is more common in domestic animal like sheep, goat and cattle. Cause: Anthrax is caused by a bacterial agent called Bacillus anthracis, spore forming, Gram positive tha ...
... Anthrax affects most of the food animals. Most susceptible animal are cattle and sheep. Next in order is horse and pig. The disease is more common in domestic animal like sheep, goat and cattle. Cause: Anthrax is caused by a bacterial agent called Bacillus anthracis, spore forming, Gram positive tha ...
Fifth Disease
... to red blood cell destruction) anemias. It causes a Transient Aplastic Crisis (TAC) in which red blood cell production is reduced or ceases. In addition, it may lead to chronic anemia in persons with congenital or acquired immune deficiency. Persons with these conditions should consult a physician i ...
... to red blood cell destruction) anemias. It causes a Transient Aplastic Crisis (TAC) in which red blood cell production is reduced or ceases. In addition, it may lead to chronic anemia in persons with congenital or acquired immune deficiency. Persons with these conditions should consult a physician i ...
Set 5 Transmission
... The disease is carried from person to person by an animal: Usually an insect or close relative such as a tick. The carrier animal is called a “vector”. Often, there are host species in addition to humans. These are called “reservoir” species or “reservoir” hosts. Malaria is the best example of a vec ...
... The disease is carried from person to person by an animal: Usually an insect or close relative such as a tick. The carrier animal is called a “vector”. Often, there are host species in addition to humans. These are called “reservoir” species or “reservoir” hosts. Malaria is the best example of a vec ...
B2B Pop Health, April 6_2009, part 2
... • restrictions on the activities of well people who (may) have been exposed to a communicable disease during its period of communicability. – active surveillance is an alternative – usually quarantine for at least two incubation periods. – More controversial than isolation since it affects people wh ...
... • restrictions on the activities of well people who (may) have been exposed to a communicable disease during its period of communicability. – active surveillance is an alternative – usually quarantine for at least two incubation periods. – More controversial than isolation since it affects people wh ...
Outbreak: A Webquest about Epidemics
... you don't know much about the disease, the point of this quest is to learn about it. SEE DISEASE LIST AT END OF THIS SHEET. 2. Once you've decided on your disease, you will need to research that disease. Questions to answer while you're researching: ...
... you don't know much about the disease, the point of this quest is to learn about it. SEE DISEASE LIST AT END OF THIS SHEET. 2. Once you've decided on your disease, you will need to research that disease. Questions to answer while you're researching: ...
BVGH - Who We Are - BIO Ventures for Global Health
... Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by a single-celled parasitic protozoan called a trypanosome and is transmitted by tsetse flies. The disease progresses from fever and fatigue to severe neurological conditions. Untreated HAT results in death. • Global bu ...
... Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caused by a single-celled parasitic protozoan called a trypanosome and is transmitted by tsetse flies. The disease progresses from fever and fatigue to severe neurological conditions. Untreated HAT results in death. • Global bu ...
Micro Case 52-Schistosoma mansoni.doc
... 4 month hx of worsening abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting w/blood Abdminal pain in RUQ Enlarged liver & spleen w/evidence of portal hypertension High eosinophil count Had recently emigrated from Kenya Epidemiology: Caused by blood trematodes & most cases are sporadic The most ...
... 4 month hx of worsening abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting w/blood Abdminal pain in RUQ Enlarged liver & spleen w/evidence of portal hypertension High eosinophil count Had recently emigrated from Kenya Epidemiology: Caused by blood trematodes & most cases are sporadic The most ...
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Chapter 14
... illustrating how specific microbes cause certain disease • 1) same pathogen present in every case of the disease • 2) pathogen must be grown in pure culture • 3) pathogen isolated from pure culture must cause disease in healthy host • 4) pathogen must be re-isolated from inoculated lab animal ...
... illustrating how specific microbes cause certain disease • 1) same pathogen present in every case of the disease • 2) pathogen must be grown in pure culture • 3) pathogen isolated from pure culture must cause disease in healthy host • 4) pathogen must be re-isolated from inoculated lab animal ...
Bacterial Classification
... – same pathogen present in every instance of disease – pathogen isolated in pure culture – isolated pathogen causes disease when reintroduced into a healthy host – pathogen re-isolated from the now diseased host ...
... – same pathogen present in every instance of disease – pathogen isolated in pure culture – isolated pathogen causes disease when reintroduced into a healthy host – pathogen re-isolated from the now diseased host ...
Bacteria and You Web Quest Part 1 Choose any two articles from
... Scarlet fever : infection may occur through bloodstream or skin and underlying tissues. Shigellosis : dysentery due to poor hygiene. Tetanus : prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. Trachoma : infectious disease of human eye probably leading to blindness. Tuberculosis : generally attacks t ...
... Scarlet fever : infection may occur through bloodstream or skin and underlying tissues. Shigellosis : dysentery due to poor hygiene. Tetanus : prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. Trachoma : infectious disease of human eye probably leading to blindness. Tuberculosis : generally attacks t ...
Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Poultry Prof.Dr. Salah M. Hassan
... Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious, herpesvirus infection of chickens and pheasants characterized by severe dyspnea, coughing, and rales. It can also be a subacute disease with nasal and ocular discharge, tracheitis, conjunctivitis, and mild rales. The disease is caus ...
... Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious, herpesvirus infection of chickens and pheasants characterized by severe dyspnea, coughing, and rales. It can also be a subacute disease with nasal and ocular discharge, tracheitis, conjunctivitis, and mild rales. The disease is caus ...
Fifth Disease and Pregnancy - Region of Waterloo Public Health
... Fifth disease, also known as parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection. It received the name because it was the fifth childhood illness identified. It is common in children but can affect people of all ages. Increased activity is usually seen in late winter and early spring and c ...
... Fifth disease, also known as parvovirus B19 and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection. It received the name because it was the fifth childhood illness identified. It is common in children but can affect people of all ages. Increased activity is usually seen in late winter and early spring and c ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.