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Hand, foot and mouth disease Hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease Hand, foot and mouth disease

... eating and swallowing painful, so children may not want to eat or drink, and they can become dehydrated. For most people with the infection, the rash disappears and they feel better within about a week. Very rarely, complications of hand, foot and mouth disease can occur, including meningitis, encep ...
Introduction
Introduction

... cyst wall develops around them, and then egg deposition starts 5-6 weeks after infection. • The symptoms of the early stages of this disease appear to be few with some people being asymptomatic. ...
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma

... increased risk of cervical cancer • NGU/NSU: any inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae – painful urination and watery discharge ...
African swine fever
African swine fever

... immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections, can also ...
What Hides Beneath - Dublin Dental University Hospital
What Hides Beneath - Dublin Dental University Hospital

... ● If the sugar level is not controlled properly in a patient with Diabetes Mellitus it will lead to higher than normal levels of sugar in the mouth therefore encouraging the growth of the gum disease-causing bacteria. Other problems associated with gum disease include development of arthritis and l ...
1a-Infection-and
1a-Infection-and

... Modes of Transmission 1. Direct contact Most common route of disease transmission. Types: a. Person to person Direct contact disease transmission from an infected person to an uninfected person by physical contact (including sexual), and through blood transfusions. b. Animal to person Direct contac ...
Prof. Kambal-Mycobacteria (Undergraduate)
Prof. Kambal-Mycobacteria (Undergraduate)

... on Blood Agar. Some are slow growing just as M. tuberculosis but others grow fast within 5-7 days. ...
Cat Scratch Fever - by Hardy Diagnostics
Cat Scratch Fever - by Hardy Diagnostics

... henselae. It has been estimated that there are over 20,000 cases of CSD in people in the United States each year. The usual mode of transmission is by cat scratches and bites. It can also be transmitted by contact of cat saliva on broken skin or the sclera of the eye. Chronic lymph node swelling in ...
Pathology Introduction
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W When nice kitties go bad Bartonella henselae

... henselae. It has been estimated that there are over 20,000 cases of CSD in people in the United States each year. The usual mode of transmission is by cat scratches and bites. It can also be transmitted by contact of cat saliva on broken skin or the sclera of the eye. Chronic lymph node swelling in ...
A Confirmed Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS)
A Confirmed Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS)

... network among nations to trace the route of virus infection and to prevent the spread of the disease from one country to another. In addition, the KCDC noted that the patient is getting better, and although some of the family members of the patient are developing similar symptoms of the disease, all ...
Non-Communicable Diseases
Non-Communicable Diseases

... 10. How often should people ages 15 and older get a regular check-up/medical examination? 11. What is a non-communicable disease? Are non-communicable diseases contagious? 12. Explain how to do a self-exam for either breast cancer or testicular cancer. 13. Breast Cancer, Alzheimer’s, and Prostate Ca ...
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]

... A host that carries a pathogen without injury to itself and serves as a source of infection for other host organisms (asymptomatic infective carriers) ...
Viruses
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... Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ("CJD") is a rare, fatal brain disorder, which causes a rapid, progressive dementia and associated neuromuscular disturbances. • The disease is often referred to as a subacute spongiform encephalopathy because it usually produces microscopic h ...
Lyme Disease - Mt. Lebanon
Lyme Disease - Mt. Lebanon

... trembling, head tilt, circling to one side, loss of coordination, Black-legged tick life cycle. Courtesy of cdc.gov and weakness of the hind limbs. Some domestic animals, especially dogs, develop clinical signs including fever, stiffness, lameness, and arthritis. Less commonly, domestic animals may ...
PERUMUSAN MASALAH PENELITIAN DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN
PERUMUSAN MASALAH PENELITIAN DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN

... The degree of the disorders, depend on the destructive power of the causal factors, and the protective power of the individuals body and mentality. There is always time lag (incubation period) between the exposure time of factors, and the development of sign or symptoms of diseases; The prevention o ...
Principles of Communicable Diseases Epidemiology
Principles of Communicable Diseases Epidemiology

...  The source of infection is defined as “the person, animal, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes or is disseminated to the host (immediate source). The reservoir is “any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil, or substance, or a combination of these, in which an infectious agen ...
HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS

... enters the body of a person who is not infected.  Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use.  Estimated 4.1 million (1.6%) of Americans have been ...
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

... Give lots of to drink. This helps to prevent dehydration. You might find that a child is more willing to have a good drink if they are not so irritable. So, if they are not keen to drink, it may help to give some paracetamol or ibuprofen first. Then, try them with drinks half an hour or so later whe ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis

... • Reactivated later in life ...
W-08 Contact Information Objectives
W-08 Contact Information Objectives

... transfers from one carrier to another by either direct transmission (direct contact between infectious host and susceptible host) or indirect transmission (which involves an intermediate carrier like an environmental surface or piece of medical equipment). ...
Fact Sheet neurological diseases in sheep
Fact Sheet neurological diseases in sheep

... affect adult sheep, particularly around lambing time. The earlier treatment is administered, the better the outcome; therefore having a standard on-farm treatment protocol is important. Veterinary assistance should always be sought if the animal does not respond to treatment. Pregnancy toxaemia/Twin ...
Association of herd BHV-1 seroprevalence with respiratory
Association of herd BHV-1 seroprevalence with respiratory

... Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is usually of multifactorial origin, involving infectious, environmental and managementrelated factors as well as those related to stress and the immunity of the animal. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is considered to be an important component of the etiological comple ...
Infectious disease epidemiology
Infectious disease epidemiology

... susceptible host – in theory, depends on the minimum number of  infectious particles required to establish infection – in diseases spread from person to person, the  proportion of susceptible individuals who develop  infection after exposure  – the secondary attack rate is a measure of  ...
RLQ Crohns
RLQ Crohns

... • Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis • Chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract • Incidence and prevalence vary with geographic location; more common within Jewish population • Higher rates for whites in northern Europe and North America • Incidence for each is 5 per 100,000 • ...
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Chagas disease



Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.
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