Molecular Biology
... bacteria. The most common of these is poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PBH) produced using only three enzymes. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar or lipids. A range of different polymers can be produced from the basic molecule by varying the number of carbons in the side chain. The molecule is co ...
... bacteria. The most common of these is poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PBH) produced using only three enzymes. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar or lipids. A range of different polymers can be produced from the basic molecule by varying the number of carbons in the side chain. The molecule is co ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis
... a stop codon The completed protein (polypeptide chain) is then released ...
... a stop codon The completed protein (polypeptide chain) is then released ...
How We Know What Happened When
... mitochondrion. In fact, each mitochondrion has several copies of its own genome, and there are several hundred to several thousand mitochondria per cell. This means that the mitochondrial (mt) genome is highly amplified. While each cell contains only two copies of a given nuclear gene (one on each o ...
... mitochondrion. In fact, each mitochondrion has several copies of its own genome, and there are several hundred to several thousand mitochondria per cell. This means that the mitochondrial (mt) genome is highly amplified. While each cell contains only two copies of a given nuclear gene (one on each o ...
Advanced Biology\Stem Cells, histones, etc
... - Human Genome Project took 13 years and 3 billion dollars. It took less time than anticipated because one gene area can code for more than 1 protein due to the relationship between introns and exons. - Now takes 24 hours and about $1000 for a personal genome. - Approximately 400 genes can mutate to ...
... - Human Genome Project took 13 years and 3 billion dollars. It took less time than anticipated because one gene area can code for more than 1 protein due to the relationship between introns and exons. - Now takes 24 hours and about $1000 for a personal genome. - Approximately 400 genes can mutate to ...
DNA Similarities
... Suppose you could compare the total DNA sequences of various organisms (some billions of base pairs). How much similarity would you expect between a whale and a fish? A whale and a dog? A dog and a shrimp? A shrimp and a bacterium? As always, there are two types of similarity to be considered: analo ...
... Suppose you could compare the total DNA sequences of various organisms (some billions of base pairs). How much similarity would you expect between a whale and a fish? A whale and a dog? A dog and a shrimp? A shrimp and a bacterium? As always, there are two types of similarity to be considered: analo ...
ppt
... When the RNA polymerase enzyme is not blocked by the repressor (genes are "ON") it will move along the structural genes causing them to be transcribed into mRNA; this results in the enzyme being made ("expressed"). When the repressor molecule is on the operator, transcription is "blocked", so no enz ...
... When the RNA polymerase enzyme is not blocked by the repressor (genes are "ON") it will move along the structural genes causing them to be transcribed into mRNA; this results in the enzyme being made ("expressed"). When the repressor molecule is on the operator, transcription is "blocked", so no enz ...
Eukaryotic Genomes
... DNA Methylation • addition of methyl groups to DNA bases (usually cytosine) inactivate DNA • methylation patterns can be passed on • after DNA replication, methylation enzymes correctly methylate the daughter strand • accounts for genomic imprinting in mammals – expression of either the maternal or ...
... DNA Methylation • addition of methyl groups to DNA bases (usually cytosine) inactivate DNA • methylation patterns can be passed on • after DNA replication, methylation enzymes correctly methylate the daughter strand • accounts for genomic imprinting in mammals – expression of either the maternal or ...
The human genome - The Galton Institute
... • One gene can encode multiple proteins by: • Alternative splicing (average 6.3 splice isoforms per gene) • Using alternative promoters (70,292 promoter-like sequences in the genome) ...
... • One gene can encode multiple proteins by: • Alternative splicing (average 6.3 splice isoforms per gene) • Using alternative promoters (70,292 promoter-like sequences in the genome) ...
Molecular basis of evolution.
... Another method to estimate evolutionary distances: amino acid substitution matrices. Substitutions occur more often between amino acids of similar properties. Dayhoff (1978) derived first matrices from multiple alignments of close homologs. The number of aa substitutions is measured in terms of acc ...
... Another method to estimate evolutionary distances: amino acid substitution matrices. Substitutions occur more often between amino acids of similar properties. Dayhoff (1978) derived first matrices from multiple alignments of close homologs. The number of aa substitutions is measured in terms of acc ...
What is Bioinformatics?
... proteins and EST sequences (Expressed Sequence Tags; mRNA sequences). • Gene prediction through similarity with proteins or ESTs in other organisms. • Gene prediction through comparison with other genomes; conserved regions are probably coding or regulatory regions. ...
... proteins and EST sequences (Expressed Sequence Tags; mRNA sequences). • Gene prediction through similarity with proteins or ESTs in other organisms. • Gene prediction through comparison with other genomes; conserved regions are probably coding or regulatory regions. ...
Cellular Neuroanatomy I
... phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Phospholipids have a polar phosphate group at one end that is hydrophilic (“water-loving head”) and two long non-polar chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms that are hydrophobic. The protein composition of the membrane varies depending on the wh ...
... phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Phospholipids have a polar phosphate group at one end that is hydrophilic (“water-loving head”) and two long non-polar chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms that are hydrophobic. The protein composition of the membrane varies depending on the wh ...
Transformation Lab
... referred to by its common name, X-gal. X-gal is colorless, but when it is cleaved by beta-galactosidase, one of the products is dark blue. Therefore, if you grow bacteria that produce beta-galactosidase on media containing X-gal, the colonies will be bright blue. ...
... referred to by its common name, X-gal. X-gal is colorless, but when it is cleaved by beta-galactosidase, one of the products is dark blue. Therefore, if you grow bacteria that produce beta-galactosidase on media containing X-gal, the colonies will be bright blue. ...
Chapter 17 and 19: Review Questions
... specific enzyme. Their experiments demonstrated that _____. genes carry information for making proteins mutations are changes in genetic information genes are made of DNA enzymes are required to repair damaged DNA information cells need specific enzymes in order to function 2. The flow of informatio ...
... specific enzyme. Their experiments demonstrated that _____. genes carry information for making proteins mutations are changes in genetic information genes are made of DNA enzymes are required to repair damaged DNA information cells need specific enzymes in order to function 2. The flow of informatio ...
Evolution vs. Creation
... • Richard Dawkins: introduced the influential concept that effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment, including the bodies of other organisms. ...
... • Richard Dawkins: introduced the influential concept that effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment, including the bodies of other organisms. ...
Proteomes, Genes and Junk DNA
... 1% of a mouse genome appeared to have no detectable effect. It has been suggested that: 1. Much of the DNA may, in fact have no function. 2. Non-coding regions may be remnants from the organism's phylogeny – genes that have been fractured over time. 3. Some non-coding regions may act as spacers to a ...
... 1% of a mouse genome appeared to have no detectable effect. It has been suggested that: 1. Much of the DNA may, in fact have no function. 2. Non-coding regions may be remnants from the organism's phylogeny – genes that have been fractured over time. 3. Some non-coding regions may act as spacers to a ...
Predicting the Evolution of Influenza
... • Wanted to determine the rate at which the flu evolves and how it evolves. • Frequency Switchreplacement of one major amino acid by another between successive years. • Effective Switch- when new amino acid becomes fixed in a population for 1 year. ...
... • Wanted to determine the rate at which the flu evolves and how it evolves. • Frequency Switchreplacement of one major amino acid by another between successive years. • Effective Switch- when new amino acid becomes fixed in a population for 1 year. ...
Lecture_5
... • There will be a lab on Feb.5. • Powerpoint lectures will be posted on website. • Reading assignment - two handouts – Chapter 3 has information regarding arrays ...
... • There will be a lab on Feb.5. • Powerpoint lectures will be posted on website. • Reading assignment - two handouts – Chapter 3 has information regarding arrays ...
Powerpoint for Lecture 12
... genome-wide or system wide scale (holistic operation of biological systems) • Approach will influence the way biological questions are phrased: • “What is the function of this protein?” To “What role does the sequence play in one or more biological processes operational under X conditions?” •Old met ...
... genome-wide or system wide scale (holistic operation of biological systems) • Approach will influence the way biological questions are phrased: • “What is the function of this protein?” To “What role does the sequence play in one or more biological processes operational under X conditions?” •Old met ...