IB 201: LABORATORY SESSION 13: ANIMAL DIVERSITY
... Specifically there has been considerable controversy about the role of animal body plans in constraining evolution. Virtually all animal phyla with substantial fossil records first appear very early in the history of animals. Some evolutionary biologists have interpreted this pattern as evidence tha ...
... Specifically there has been considerable controversy about the role of animal body plans in constraining evolution. Virtually all animal phyla with substantial fossil records first appear very early in the history of animals. Some evolutionary biologists have interpreted this pattern as evidence tha ...
Ch 32 Animal Diversity
... The beginning of the Cenozoic era followed mass extinctions of both terrestrial and marine animals These extinctions included the large, nonflying dinosaurs and the marine reptiles Modern mammal orders and insects diversified during the Cenozoic ...
... The beginning of the Cenozoic era followed mass extinctions of both terrestrial and marine animals These extinctions included the large, nonflying dinosaurs and the marine reptiles Modern mammal orders and insects diversified during the Cenozoic ...
Arthropods
... remains thin and flexible often highly colored: camoflage recognition warning various canals run through cuticle: pore canals calcium salts for sclerotization in crustacea wax canals secrete waxy covering for water proofing dermal gland ducts unknown function ...
... remains thin and flexible often highly colored: camoflage recognition warning various canals run through cuticle: pore canals calcium salts for sclerotization in crustacea wax canals secrete waxy covering for water proofing dermal gland ducts unknown function ...
Chapter 32
... The acoelomate flatworms were traditionally classified with the Platyhelminthes. However, recent research indicates that the acoel flatworms are basal bilaterians, not members of the phylum Platyhelminthes. Acoelan’s basal position suggests that the bilaterians may have descended from a common ance ...
... The acoelomate flatworms were traditionally classified with the Platyhelminthes. However, recent research indicates that the acoel flatworms are basal bilaterians, not members of the phylum Platyhelminthes. Acoelan’s basal position suggests that the bilaterians may have descended from a common ance ...
Vertebrate versus invertebrate neural circuits
... show obvious differences in design principles, implying that some brain functions are not equivalent. However, many computational problems need to be solved by all brains. In these cases, insights obtained in one species will be instructive to understand brain functions in other species, even if the ...
... show obvious differences in design principles, implying that some brain functions are not equivalent. However, many computational problems need to be solved by all brains. In these cases, insights obtained in one species will be instructive to understand brain functions in other species, even if the ...
What Is an Animal?
... • Some organisms, like earthworms, have both male and female reproductive systems on the same organism. • Such an animal is called a hermaphrodite. • More complex animals like vertebrates have separate male and female individuals. ...
... • Some organisms, like earthworms, have both male and female reproductive systems on the same organism. • Such an animal is called a hermaphrodite. • More complex animals like vertebrates have separate male and female individuals. ...
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL DIVERSITY
... Biologists have argued that at least a few of the same genes are involved in the development of all appendages observed in animals Hypothesis is that all animal appendages have some degree of genetic homology that they are all derived from appendages that were present in a common ancestor. This ...
... Biologists have argued that at least a few of the same genes are involved in the development of all appendages observed in animals Hypothesis is that all animal appendages have some degree of genetic homology that they are all derived from appendages that were present in a common ancestor. This ...
Chapter 3 - Studying Animal Behavior
... pecking order – that way they don’t waste energy fighting and instead have specific jobs based on their role in the group ...
... pecking order – that way they don’t waste energy fighting and instead have specific jobs based on their role in the group ...
File
... Network of sensory receptors, nerve cells (neurons) connected to muscles and glands, which respond to external stimuli, control movement and regulate internal ...
... Network of sensory receptors, nerve cells (neurons) connected to muscles and glands, which respond to external stimuli, control movement and regulate internal ...
3/3/2015 An Overview of Animal Diversity 1. General Features of Animals Chapter 32:
... The Germ Layers Through the process of gastrulation, 2 or 3 germ layers are produced from which the overall body plan and all body structures develop. • species that are diploblastic have only 2 germ layers – ectoderm and endoderm • triploblastic species produce all 3 germ layers ...
... The Germ Layers Through the process of gastrulation, 2 or 3 germ layers are produced from which the overall body plan and all body structures develop. • species that are diploblastic have only 2 germ layers – ectoderm and endoderm • triploblastic species produce all 3 germ layers ...
Animals Notes - Biology Junction
... (arrangement of body parts around an axis) 1. Asymmetrical – no symmetry (sponges) 2. Radial Symmetry – symmetry in the shape of a wheel; body parts arranged in a circle around a center axis (cnidarians, echinoderms) 3. Bilateral Symmetry – symmetry in which there is a right and left side that are m ...
... (arrangement of body parts around an axis) 1. Asymmetrical – no symmetry (sponges) 2. Radial Symmetry – symmetry in the shape of a wheel; body parts arranged in a circle around a center axis (cnidarians, echinoderms) 3. Bilateral Symmetry – symmetry in which there is a right and left side that are m ...
Chapter 27: Introduction to Animals
... Segmentation Segmentation in body structure underlies the organization of all advanced animals. ...
... Segmentation Segmentation in body structure underlies the organization of all advanced animals. ...
ppt
... • Time to reproduce sets a minimum value on an animal’s lifespan. • Animals that don’t live long enough to reproduce are out of the game. ...
... • Time to reproduce sets a minimum value on an animal’s lifespan. • Animals that don’t live long enough to reproduce are out of the game. ...
Why? Incorrect hypotheses: why animals age
... survive long enough to reproduce but aren’t under selection to live longer. • Animals with low survival due to predation or environmental conditions reproduce earlier. • Animals with lower mortality rates can reproduce later or for a longer period and are under selection for survival to longer ages. ...
... survive long enough to reproduce but aren’t under selection to live longer. • Animals with low survival due to predation or environmental conditions reproduce earlier. • Animals with lower mortality rates can reproduce later or for a longer period and are under selection for survival to longer ages. ...
Chapter 25
... Features of Body Plans • Differentiation of germ layers: • ENDODERM, the innermost layer • MESODERM, the middle layer • ECTODERM, the outermost layer ...
... Features of Body Plans • Differentiation of germ layers: • ENDODERM, the innermost layer • MESODERM, the middle layer • ECTODERM, the outermost layer ...
Chapter 9
... – Ablation: Technique by which parts of cortex are destroyed and the results observed – Studied effects of ablation on frontal lobes in rats ...
... – Ablation: Technique by which parts of cortex are destroyed and the results observed – Studied effects of ablation on frontal lobes in rats ...
Chapter 32: Animal Diversity
... animals have: anterior (front) & posterior (back) ends, dorsal (top) & ventral (bottom) sides, and left & right sides Cephalization – an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment (brain) at the anterior end of the body; many animals with bilateral symmetry An animal’s symm ...
... animals have: anterior (front) & posterior (back) ends, dorsal (top) & ventral (bottom) sides, and left & right sides Cephalization – an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment (brain) at the anterior end of the body; many animals with bilateral symmetry An animal’s symm ...
Chapter 6: Behaviour
... The study of behaviour – ethology and psychology! Ethologists such as Tinbergen study the natural behaviour of animals in their natural environments They are interested in the evolutionary basis of behaviour and tend to focus on simple, inherited behaviour patterns Psychologists carry out experimen ...
... The study of behaviour – ethology and psychology! Ethologists such as Tinbergen study the natural behaviour of animals in their natural environments They are interested in the evolutionary basis of behaviour and tend to focus on simple, inherited behaviour patterns Psychologists carry out experimen ...
Animals: Invertebrates
... A. Animals are in the Domain Eukarya and Kingdom __________. Animal features: 1. Mobile, ___________ organisms 2. ___________ – usually acquire food by ingestion followed by digestion 3. ___________ – most have specialized cells that form tissues and organs 4. Have a life cycle in which the adult is ...
... A. Animals are in the Domain Eukarya and Kingdom __________. Animal features: 1. Mobile, ___________ organisms 2. ___________ – usually acquire food by ingestion followed by digestion 3. ___________ – most have specialized cells that form tissues and organs 4. Have a life cycle in which the adult is ...
The ______ states that responses which are followed by rewards
... 16. The main difference in the effects of punishment on children compared to the effects on animals is that a. delayed punishment is more effective for children b. children who have been punished resist temptation longer c. a single punishment produces suppression in a wider range of situations in ...
... 16. The main difference in the effects of punishment on children compared to the effects on animals is that a. delayed punishment is more effective for children b. children who have been punished resist temptation longer c. a single punishment produces suppression in a wider range of situations in ...
The behavioural approach is the assumption that behaviour is
... digestion. By applying stimuli to animals in a variety of ways, using sound, visual and tactile stimulation he was able or makes animals salivate weather they were in presence of food or not, a phenomenon he called the conditioned reflex. Pavlov’s research a conditional reflexes greatly influenced n ...
... digestion. By applying stimuli to animals in a variety of ways, using sound, visual and tactile stimulation he was able or makes animals salivate weather they were in presence of food or not, a phenomenon he called the conditioned reflex. Pavlov’s research a conditional reflexes greatly influenced n ...
Review questions for Exam #3
... Which of the following would you expect a monkey and a coral to have in common? Mesodermally lined body cavity Hox genes High degree of cephalization Bilateral symmetry Cephalization is primarily associated with______________. adaptations for negative phototaxis the fate of the blastopore bilateral ...
... Which of the following would you expect a monkey and a coral to have in common? Mesodermally lined body cavity Hox genes High degree of cephalization Bilateral symmetry Cephalization is primarily associated with______________. adaptations for negative phototaxis the fate of the blastopore bilateral ...
Mod 26 Classic - WordPress.com
... Other Key Ideas • Acquisition • Initial learning • Generalization • Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus also elicit the conditioned response • Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when listening to any similar song (CS). ...
... Other Key Ideas • Acquisition • Initial learning • Generalization • Tendency for a stimuli similar to the original stimulus also elicit the conditioned response • Colette experiences positive emotions (CR) when listening to any similar song (CS). ...
Ch32 PowerPoint LN
... 3. Cambrian Explosion a. 543 – 525 million years ago b. First hard bodied animals Burgess Shale in British Columbia Greenland China 4. Because there were so many animals it is hard to sort out their sequence of branching. ...
... 3. Cambrian Explosion a. 543 – 525 million years ago b. First hard bodied animals Burgess Shale in British Columbia Greenland China 4. Because there were so many animals it is hard to sort out their sequence of branching. ...
Emotion in animals
Emotions in animals are the subjective feelings and emotions experienced by nonhuman animals. Emotions may be described as subjective, conscious experiences characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states.Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in nonhuman animals. His observational and sometimes anecdotal approach has developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. General hypotheses relating to correlates between humans and non-human animals also support the claim that non-human animals may feel emotions and that human emotions evolved from the same mechanisms. Several tests, such as cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models, have been developed. Cognitive biases (feelings of optimism or pessimism) have been shown in a wide range of species including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs and honeybees.Some behaviourists claim stimulus–response models provide a sufficient explanation for animal behaviours that have been described as emotional, and that it is unnecessary to postulate that animals are conscious. Other behaviourists further question whether animals feel emotions on the grounds that emotions aren't universal even among humans, that interpretations of animal behaviour are anthropomorphic, and that definitions of emotions lack robustness.