SECTION – A Q. 1 – Q.10 carry one mark each.
... (A) P-iii, Q-ii, R-iv, S-i (C) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S-i Q.16 ...
... (A) P-iii, Q-ii, R-iv, S-i (C) P-iii, Q-iv, R-ii, S-i Q.16 ...
Carbonyl group is a functional group of (Aldehyde, Ketone)
... Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids are present in different compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional aldehyde or keto group are present in nature. Aldohexose ...
... Aldehyde, Ketone, and carboxylic acids are present in different compounds of human body, here is some of them:①-Monosaccharides: Monosaccharide's are carbohydrates which can not be hydrolyzed to small molecules, contain carbons with functional aldehyde or keto group are present in nature. Aldohexose ...
Enzymes
... A molecule can bond to another part of the enzyme and cause a change in conformation. This change causes the active site to change shape as well. This change in shape prevents the desired substrate from entering the active site. This is called non-competitive inhibition. (Campbell & ...
... A molecule can bond to another part of the enzyme and cause a change in conformation. This change causes the active site to change shape as well. This change in shape prevents the desired substrate from entering the active site. This is called non-competitive inhibition. (Campbell & ...
McFil: metabolic carbon flow in leaves
... light) was added to the total demands for the biosynthetic pathway for each NH4+ consumed ...
... light) was added to the total demands for the biosynthetic pathway for each NH4+ consumed ...
Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble, or only sparingly
... synthesis of phosphlipids and glycolipids. 3. Desaturation of fatty acids Fatty acids can be desaturated by enzymes that insert double bonds between the carbons 9 and 10 from the COOH end. Desaturation can also occur closer to the COOH end, but not further away (hence linoleic acid and linolenic aci ...
... synthesis of phosphlipids and glycolipids. 3. Desaturation of fatty acids Fatty acids can be desaturated by enzymes that insert double bonds between the carbons 9 and 10 from the COOH end. Desaturation can also occur closer to the COOH end, but not further away (hence linoleic acid and linolenic aci ...
Enzyme LG 09
... e. Competitive inhibitors are inorganic c. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions. substances such as metal ions; d. Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. noncompetitive inhibitors are vitamins or e. All enzymes depend on protein cofactors to vitamin derivatives. function. 21. Bacterial pro ...
... e. Competitive inhibitors are inorganic c. Enzymes catalyze specific reactions. substances such as metal ions; d. Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. noncompetitive inhibitors are vitamins or e. All enzymes depend on protein cofactors to vitamin derivatives. function. 21. Bacterial pro ...
Heterologous products from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
... Although a large amount of basic knowledge, molecular tools and protocols are available for model organisms, they may not fulfill all the requirements for a scalable process of heterologous protein production. This is particularly true for the production of biologically active eukaryotic proteins fr ...
... Although a large amount of basic knowledge, molecular tools and protocols are available for model organisms, they may not fulfill all the requirements for a scalable process of heterologous protein production. This is particularly true for the production of biologically active eukaryotic proteins fr ...
30 Synthesis of Glycosides, Lactose, Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
... derivatives use activated sugars attached to nucleotides. Both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose are used for glycosyltransferase reactions in many systems. Lactose, for example, is synthesized from UDP-galactose and glucose in the mammary gland. UDP-glucose also can be oxidized to form UDP-glucuronate, ...
... derivatives use activated sugars attached to nucleotides. Both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose are used for glycosyltransferase reactions in many systems. Lactose, for example, is synthesized from UDP-galactose and glucose in the mammary gland. UDP-glucose also can be oxidized to form UDP-glucuronate, ...
Lecture #1 ~ Date_________
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme Regulation
... The potential threats[edit] As scientific researchers have proved that enzymes are central for metabolic pathways in organisms, they have also pointed out that those very enzymes could also potentially threaten the survival of the organisms. For example, in DNA transcription, if the enzyme carrying ...
... The potential threats[edit] As scientific researchers have proved that enzymes are central for metabolic pathways in organisms, they have also pointed out that those very enzymes could also potentially threaten the survival of the organisms. For example, in DNA transcription, if the enzyme carrying ...
Elucidating the Rice Cells Metabolism under Flooding and Drought
... cytosol malate transporters in recycling the ammonia liberated during photorespiration and in ...
... cytosol malate transporters in recycling the ammonia liberated during photorespiration and in ...
ENZYME: an essential catalyst
... Reactions efficiently and selectively. Living systems make use of energy from the environment. Many of us, for example, consume substantial amounts of sucrose—common table sugar—as a kind of fuel, whether in the form of sweetened foods and drinks or as sugar itself. The conversion of sucrose to CO2 ...
... Reactions efficiently and selectively. Living systems make use of energy from the environment. Many of us, for example, consume substantial amounts of sucrose—common table sugar—as a kind of fuel, whether in the form of sweetened foods and drinks or as sugar itself. The conversion of sucrose to CO2 ...
ATP
... TA; Lyudnikova TA; Vechtomova YL; Kritsky MS Photooxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin under UV irradiation: Possible pathways and mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2014 90(5) 1017–1026 ...
... TA; Lyudnikova TA; Vechtomova YL; Kritsky MS Photooxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin under UV irradiation: Possible pathways and mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2014 90(5) 1017–1026 ...
Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause
... Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause significant and serious diseases. Cancer cells show an increased production of nucleotides. Inhibiting nucleotide synthesis inhibits growth. Using this, we can develop drugs for cancer, antibiotics. Cancer cells are more sensitive to nucleot ...
... Why study? Genetic disorders of nucleotide metabolsm cause significant and serious diseases. Cancer cells show an increased production of nucleotides. Inhibiting nucleotide synthesis inhibits growth. Using this, we can develop drugs for cancer, antibiotics. Cancer cells are more sensitive to nucleot ...
Improved metabolic process control by analysis of genetic clone
... In process development, clones need to be selected. The main selection criteria for this are high titers and high growth kinetics. However high growth kinetics reveal overflow metabolism, such as lactate production [5][6], which is a disadvantageous in respect to metabolic efficiency [7][8] which of ...
... In process development, clones need to be selected. The main selection criteria for this are high titers and high growth kinetics. However high growth kinetics reveal overflow metabolism, such as lactate production [5][6], which is a disadvantageous in respect to metabolic efficiency [7][8] which of ...
An Introductory Overview of Cells, Chemical Bonds & Energy
... ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: • Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. • Roles in cell structure and locomotion. • Cell signaling. ...
... ATP is produced by phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including: • Metabolism, synthesis, and active transport. • Roles in cell structure and locomotion. • Cell signaling. ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... The conversion of stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA in eukaryotes is catalyzed by stearoyl-CoA desaturase in a reaction sequence that also involves cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from ...
... The conversion of stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA in eukaryotes is catalyzed by stearoyl-CoA desaturase in a reaction sequence that also involves cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from ...
Enzymes - Land of Mayo
... tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little tryptophan the enzyme is free to make more tryptophan ...
... tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little tryptophan the enzyme is free to make more tryptophan ...
Endergonic vs. exergonic reactions
... don’t change free energy (____) released or required required for most biological reactions highly___________________ _________________ of different enzymes in cells control reactions of __________ o Enzymes vocabulary _________________________ reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate ...
... don’t change free energy (____) released or required required for most biological reactions highly___________________ _________________ of different enzymes in cells control reactions of __________ o Enzymes vocabulary _________________________ reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate ...
What are Tetrahymena? - Department of Biological Sciences
... Eukaryotic, single cell, ciliated, motile About 50 to 70um long Excitable (action potentials) Model sensory cell (chemosensory, thermosensory, mechanosensory) • Grow to 500,000 cells/ml as clonal, axenic cultures • Electrophysiology, biochemistry, behavior and molecular biology well described • Geno ...
... Eukaryotic, single cell, ciliated, motile About 50 to 70um long Excitable (action potentials) Model sensory cell (chemosensory, thermosensory, mechanosensory) • Grow to 500,000 cells/ml as clonal, axenic cultures • Electrophysiology, biochemistry, behavior and molecular biology well described • Geno ...
Document
... It is a genetic disease results from deficiency of the glucose6-phosphatase Glucose-6-phosphatase is an enzyme located on the inner membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum The catalytic unit is associated with a calcium binding protein, and three transporter proteins (T1,T2,T3) that facilitate movemen ...
... It is a genetic disease results from deficiency of the glucose6-phosphatase Glucose-6-phosphatase is an enzyme located on the inner membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum The catalytic unit is associated with a calcium binding protein, and three transporter proteins (T1,T2,T3) that facilitate movemen ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑