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... Carbohydrates have the empirical formula of (CH20)n where n = the # of times the chain is repeated. ...
... Carbohydrates have the empirical formula of (CH20)n where n = the # of times the chain is repeated. ...
Biochemistry
... Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a required course for basic Medicine. It can be defined as the science to clarify the phenomenon and the nature of life and to explain the biochemistry problems about normal human and disease processes at the molecular level. Biochemistry and medicine are closel ...
... Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is a required course for basic Medicine. It can be defined as the science to clarify the phenomenon and the nature of life and to explain the biochemistry problems about normal human and disease processes at the molecular level. Biochemistry and medicine are closel ...
Gene Section PKM2 (pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2) in Oncology and Haematology
... This leads to an expansion of all phosphometabolites above the pyruvate kinase reaction and an increased channeling of glucose carbons into synthetic processes, i.e. DNA, phospholipid and amino acid synthesis. Tumor cells contain high levels of dimeric M2-PK, which has therefore been termed 'Tumor M ...
... This leads to an expansion of all phosphometabolites above the pyruvate kinase reaction and an increased channeling of glucose carbons into synthetic processes, i.e. DNA, phospholipid and amino acid synthesis. Tumor cells contain high levels of dimeric M2-PK, which has therefore been termed 'Tumor M ...
Nucleotides: Synthesis and Degredation
... Step 2: synthesis of carbamoyl aspartate enzyme is aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the condensation of carbamoyl phosphate with aspartate with the release of Pi ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP carbamoyl phosphate is an “ ...
... Step 2: synthesis of carbamoyl aspartate enzyme is aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the condensation of carbamoyl phosphate with aspartate with the release of Pi ATCase is the major site of regulation in bacteria; it is activated by ATP and inhibited by CTP carbamoyl phosphate is an “ ...
2. Molecular Biology – 2.8 Cell Respiration Name: Understandings
... 17. Bioethanol is ethanol produced by living organisms, for use as a renewable energy source. It can be used as a fuel in vehicles, sometimes in a pure state and sometimes mixed with gasoline (petrol). Describe how bioethanol can be produced from plant material with reference to the function of yeas ...
... 17. Bioethanol is ethanol produced by living organisms, for use as a renewable energy source. It can be used as a fuel in vehicles, sometimes in a pure state and sometimes mixed with gasoline (petrol). Describe how bioethanol can be produced from plant material with reference to the function of yeas ...
ATPase - cloudfront.net
... ATPase is found in eubacterial, archaebacterial, and eukaryotic species In a large number of cellular processes, such as protein degradation, vesicle fusion, cell cycle control, and cellular secretory processes ...
... ATPase is found in eubacterial, archaebacterial, and eukaryotic species In a large number of cellular processes, such as protein degradation, vesicle fusion, cell cycle control, and cellular secretory processes ...
Regulation of thiamine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
... 2009), malate (Zelle et al., 2008, 2010) and succinate (Raab et al., 2010, 2011) from pyruvate by expression of heterologous enzymes and transporters or disruption of homologous enzymes. Moreover, if the aim of the S. cerevisiae metabolic process is to produce maximum amounts of other carboxylic aci ...
... 2009), malate (Zelle et al., 2008, 2010) and succinate (Raab et al., 2010, 2011) from pyruvate by expression of heterologous enzymes and transporters or disruption of homologous enzymes. Moreover, if the aim of the S. cerevisiae metabolic process is to produce maximum amounts of other carboxylic aci ...
Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Potential Inhibitors of Trypanosoma
... pathway, and catalyzes glucose phosphorylation. The enzyme has a low sequence homology (36%) with human HK which enhances the chances of developing specific inhibitors – human enzyme is also twice as large owing to possible gene duplication [23]. The genome of T. brucei contains two hexokinases (TbH ...
... pathway, and catalyzes glucose phosphorylation. The enzyme has a low sequence homology (36%) with human HK which enhances the chances of developing specific inhibitors – human enzyme is also twice as large owing to possible gene duplication [23]. The genome of T. brucei contains two hexokinases (TbH ...
H - IS MU
... • Carnitine supplementation with supraphysiological doses above and beyond that which the body requires, does not result in increased fat oxidation at rest or during exercise in well-nourished individuals; ...
... • Carnitine supplementation with supraphysiological doses above and beyond that which the body requires, does not result in increased fat oxidation at rest or during exercise in well-nourished individuals; ...
CHAPTER 20 - AMINO ACID METABOLISM Introduction Amino acid
... liver during the glucose-alanine cycle, depicted in Figure 21-6, p. 671. Note that glucose enters the muscle cell as a result of this cycle, thereby providing energy via glycolysis, in addition to amino acid breakdown. Note that alanine serves as the amino group carrier operating between muscle and ...
... liver during the glucose-alanine cycle, depicted in Figure 21-6, p. 671. Note that glucose enters the muscle cell as a result of this cycle, thereby providing energy via glycolysis, in addition to amino acid breakdown. Note that alanine serves as the amino group carrier operating between muscle and ...
Lecture_09_Metabolic_systems - Home | CISB-ECN
... Thermodynamics: Energy and possibility of a reaction Kinetics: Speed of a reaction ...
... Thermodynamics: Energy and possibility of a reaction Kinetics: Speed of a reaction ...
Cellular respiration
... Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
Enzymes - part 1
... Cofactors/Coenzymes Functional groups of protein enzymes are involved in acid-base reactions, covalent bond formation, charge-charge interactions BUT they are less suitable for oxid-reduc and group-transfer reactions SO they use COFACTORS (inorganic ions) COFACTORS may be metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2 ...
... Cofactors/Coenzymes Functional groups of protein enzymes are involved in acid-base reactions, covalent bond formation, charge-charge interactions BUT they are less suitable for oxid-reduc and group-transfer reactions SO they use COFACTORS (inorganic ions) COFACTORS may be metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2 ...
Sustained nonoxidative glucose utilization and depletion of
... tion dogs received a priming bolus of 20 &i of L-[1-‘4C]lactic acid (New England Nuclear Corp.; specific activity 55 mCi/mmol) followed by constant intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 &i/h. After an equilibration period of 25 min (16), arterial and venous samples were withdrawn as outlined to deter ...
... tion dogs received a priming bolus of 20 &i of L-[1-‘4C]lactic acid (New England Nuclear Corp.; specific activity 55 mCi/mmol) followed by constant intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 &i/h. After an equilibration period of 25 min (16), arterial and venous samples were withdrawn as outlined to deter ...
Lecture 27
... • Pancreatic and b cells directly sense the dietary and energy state of the organism through [glucose] in the blood. cells respond to low blood glucose by secreting glucagon. b cells respond to the high blood glucose by secreting insulin. • Both involved in glycogen metabolism. • These hormo ...
... • Pancreatic and b cells directly sense the dietary and energy state of the organism through [glucose] in the blood. cells respond to low blood glucose by secreting glucagon. b cells respond to the high blood glucose by secreting insulin. • Both involved in glycogen metabolism. • These hormo ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter 6 PowerPoint Lectures for
... INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION ...
... INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION ...
File - Ms. Kuiper`s Website
... molecules that store genetic information (e.g. DNA and RNA) G) cholesterol the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets H) dehydration the association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet syn ...
... molecules that store genetic information (e.g. DNA and RNA) G) cholesterol the process of breaking down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets H) dehydration the association of amino acids in a polypeptide chain with each other, usually through H-bonds. e.g. alpha helix, beta pleated sheet syn ...
the organization and regulation of plant glycolysis
... that elicit significant decreases in NTP pools (35, 44, 94, 140). The significance of PPi in plant metabolism was recently demonstrated by the introduction of the Escherichia coli inorganic PPiase gene into tobacco and potato plants under control of a constitutive promoter (70). Expression of the E. ...
... that elicit significant decreases in NTP pools (35, 44, 94, 140). The significance of PPi in plant metabolism was recently demonstrated by the introduction of the Escherichia coli inorganic PPiase gene into tobacco and potato plants under control of a constitutive promoter (70). Expression of the E. ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... A few principles explain the catalytic power and specificity of enzymes Binding energy (GB)--- the energy derived from enzyme-substrate interaction 1. Much of the catalytic power of enzymes is ultimately derived from the free energy released in forming multiple weak bonds and interactions between ...
... A few principles explain the catalytic power and specificity of enzymes Binding energy (GB)--- the energy derived from enzyme-substrate interaction 1. Much of the catalytic power of enzymes is ultimately derived from the free energy released in forming multiple weak bonds and interactions between ...
Cellular respiration
... Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
Lipid Metabolism - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) 2. Malonyl CoA (important molecule!!) 1st intermediate in biosynthesis of fatty acids increases when lots carbohy ...
... Oxidation of fatty acids - regulation Need to regulate so oxidation only occurs when the need for energy requires it 1. Rate-limiting rxn. - fatty acids entering mito. (acyltransferases) 2. Malonyl CoA (important molecule!!) 1st intermediate in biosynthesis of fatty acids increases when lots carbohy ...
WYSE – “Academic Challenge” - Worldwide Youth in Science and
... If you wish to change an answer, erase your first mark completely before marking your new choice. You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, ...
... If you wish to change an answer, erase your first mark completely before marking your new choice. You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, ...
Inborn Errors of Metabolic Etiology
... physician also gives normal saline boluses for rehydration. Then IVFs with D5 ¼ normal saline is started at 1.5 maintenance fluids. Followup labs show normal serum glucose but no change in acid-base status. The patient’s mental status worsens and she becomes comatose. She is transferred to the PICU. ...
... physician also gives normal saline boluses for rehydration. Then IVFs with D5 ¼ normal saline is started at 1.5 maintenance fluids. Followup labs show normal serum glucose but no change in acid-base status. The patient’s mental status worsens and she becomes comatose. She is transferred to the PICU. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑