Revision Questions What is the definition of energy and what are the
... Also called oxygen debt Excess post –oxygen consumption. Elevated VO2 for several minutes immediately after exercise “Fast” portion of EPOC: Resynthesize of PC stores Replacing muscle and blood O2 stores “Slow” portion of EPOC: Elevated HR and breathing rate – which requires more energy to be expend ...
... Also called oxygen debt Excess post –oxygen consumption. Elevated VO2 for several minutes immediately after exercise “Fast” portion of EPOC: Resynthesize of PC stores Replacing muscle and blood O2 stores “Slow” portion of EPOC: Elevated HR and breathing rate – which requires more energy to be expend ...
Micro Chapter 5 ppt. 11th edition
... production of glycolysis. (Since the sugar splitting in step 4, all products are doubled. Therefore, this step actually repays the earlier investment of two ATP molecules.) ...
... production of glycolysis. (Since the sugar splitting in step 4, all products are doubled. Therefore, this step actually repays the earlier investment of two ATP molecules.) ...
File
... http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/nanoscience/sci_media/images/chemical_reactions_involve_making_new_combinat ions/53823-2-eng-NZ/chemical_reactions_involve_making_new_combinations_full_size_landscape.jpg ...
... http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/nanoscience/sci_media/images/chemical_reactions_involve_making_new_combinat ions/53823-2-eng-NZ/chemical_reactions_involve_making_new_combinations_full_size_landscape.jpg ...
Glycolysis Cell-Based Assay Kit
... Glycolysis is one of the major metabolic pathways in glucose metabolism. It is a process that is conserved throughout evolution and occurs in virtually all cells. Glycolysis is the primary source of ATP when oxygen is limiting, such as during intense strenuous exercise and also in erythrocytes which ...
... Glycolysis is one of the major metabolic pathways in glucose metabolism. It is a process that is conserved throughout evolution and occurs in virtually all cells. Glycolysis is the primary source of ATP when oxygen is limiting, such as during intense strenuous exercise and also in erythrocytes which ...
PHOTOTROPHS
... Final product of the cycle is acetyl-CoA, that is further carboxylized to pyruvate. A third step is the ATP dependent conversion to triose-phosphate . ...
... Final product of the cycle is acetyl-CoA, that is further carboxylized to pyruvate. A third step is the ATP dependent conversion to triose-phosphate . ...
Ch 8 Enzyme Lab NewP..
... enzymes (“cata-” or “kata-” from the Greek “to break down”) — for instance, amylase breaks complex starches into simple sugars — and anabolic enzymes (“a-” or “an-” from the Greek “to build up”). (You may know this second word already from stories about athletes who have been caught using anabolic s ...
... enzymes (“cata-” or “kata-” from the Greek “to break down”) — for instance, amylase breaks complex starches into simple sugars — and anabolic enzymes (“a-” or “an-” from the Greek “to build up”). (You may know this second word already from stories about athletes who have been caught using anabolic s ...
Inducible uptake and metabolism of glucose by the phosphorylative
... previously reported to have only the phosphorylative pathway or to be defective in glucose metabolism (Lessie & Phibbs, 1984). It has been reported that glucose and organic acid repress the utilization of various aromatic compounds by pseudomonads (Holtel et al., 1994; Schleissner et al., 1994; Mull ...
... previously reported to have only the phosphorylative pathway or to be defective in glucose metabolism (Lessie & Phibbs, 1984). It has been reported that glucose and organic acid repress the utilization of various aromatic compounds by pseudomonads (Holtel et al., 1994; Schleissner et al., 1994; Mull ...
Nutrition In Physical Activity
... Lower risk of some types of cancers (colon, breast) Lower risk of cardiovascular disease Lower risk of diabetes- Type II Lower risk of gall bladder disease Lower risk of anxiety and depression ...
... Lower risk of some types of cancers (colon, breast) Lower risk of cardiovascular disease Lower risk of diabetes- Type II Lower risk of gall bladder disease Lower risk of anxiety and depression ...
Lipid Biosynthesis
... and the final common pathways. NADPH is generated from glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway. The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the ...
... and the final common pathways. NADPH is generated from glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway. The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the ...
Lactate and Lactic Acid
... The aerobic pathway is the most complicated in terms of the steps involved, but yields the largest amount of ATP and allows the use of many types of fuels such as fats, proteins, glucose and lactate (yes, lactate). The conversion of these fuels into ATP requires various steps within the muscle cell. ...
... The aerobic pathway is the most complicated in terms of the steps involved, but yields the largest amount of ATP and allows the use of many types of fuels such as fats, proteins, glucose and lactate (yes, lactate). The conversion of these fuels into ATP requires various steps within the muscle cell. ...
31P n.m.r. analysis of the renal response to respiratory acidosis
... pH and adenine nucleotide content were measured continuously. pH of the perfusion medium was altered after a 30min control period, by substituting a gas containing 27% CO, in 0, for the O,/CO, (19: 1) used during the control period. An immediate response in perfusate pH, which reached its steadystat ...
... pH and adenine nucleotide content were measured continuously. pH of the perfusion medium was altered after a 30min control period, by substituting a gas containing 27% CO, in 0, for the O,/CO, (19: 1) used during the control period. An immediate response in perfusate pH, which reached its steadystat ...
Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues( liver)
... Ethanol cannot be excreted and must be metabolized, primarily by the liver. This metabolism occurs by two pathways. The first pathway comprises two steps. The first step, catalyzed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, takes place in the cytoplasm: ...
... Ethanol cannot be excreted and must be metabolized, primarily by the liver. This metabolism occurs by two pathways. The first pathway comprises two steps. The first step, catalyzed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, takes place in the cytoplasm: ...
ORGANIC ACIDS – Citric Acid Cycle (urine)
... The organic acid test is a nutritional test providing insights into the body's cellular metabolic processes. Urinary organic acids derived from the metabolic conversion of dietary proteins, fats and carbohydrates, in addition to compounds of bacterial origin, provide a unique chemical profile of a p ...
... The organic acid test is a nutritional test providing insights into the body's cellular metabolic processes. Urinary organic acids derived from the metabolic conversion of dietary proteins, fats and carbohydrates, in addition to compounds of bacterial origin, provide a unique chemical profile of a p ...
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise
... FFA Transport to Muscle Cells • Fatty Acids from adipose – transported in blood via Albumin – 3 per – brought to muscle cell at fatty acid binding receptor proteins – taken into muscle cell Triglycerides in blood (chylomicrons and VLDL) broken down by lipoprotein lipase in capillary of the muscle b ...
... FFA Transport to Muscle Cells • Fatty Acids from adipose – transported in blood via Albumin – 3 per – brought to muscle cell at fatty acid binding receptor proteins – taken into muscle cell Triglycerides in blood (chylomicrons and VLDL) broken down by lipoprotein lipase in capillary of the muscle b ...
PDF
... in the cellular structure, for example, a fixation of enzymes in mitochondria and thus an increased respiratory activity. From these results it seems clear that the period of metamorphosis can be regarded as consisting of three physiologically different parts: first a period of predominating histoly ...
... in the cellular structure, for example, a fixation of enzymes in mitochondria and thus an increased respiratory activity. From these results it seems clear that the period of metamorphosis can be regarded as consisting of three physiologically different parts: first a period of predominating histoly ...
Homeostasis of glucose
... • Exercise means high sympathetic stimulation which means low insulin secretion (see previous slide) • You would expect that with exercise not as much glucose would enter the cell due to low insulin levels…but this is not the case! • With exercise you have a high rate of glucose utilization thus the ...
... • Exercise means high sympathetic stimulation which means low insulin secretion (see previous slide) • You would expect that with exercise not as much glucose would enter the cell due to low insulin levels…but this is not the case! • With exercise you have a high rate of glucose utilization thus the ...
Mechanisms of hormonal regulation and pathologies of protein
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
... •The others are classed as "essential" amino acids and must be obtained in the diet ...
Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
... How does ATP is synthesized due to proton gradient? The rate of incorporation of radiolabeled substrates showed that about equal amounts of bound ATP and ADP are in equilibrium at the catalytic site, even in the absence of a proton gradient. However, ATP does not leave the catalytic site unless pro ...
... How does ATP is synthesized due to proton gradient? The rate of incorporation of radiolabeled substrates showed that about equal amounts of bound ATP and ADP are in equilibrium at the catalytic site, even in the absence of a proton gradient. However, ATP does not leave the catalytic site unless pro ...
Lecture 9 Fatty Acid Synthesis
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
... Biotin-Dependent Carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to Malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Biotin: water soluble vitamin – functions as a CO2 carrier for several important reactions including: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Pyruvate carboxylase Propionyl CoA carboxylase ...
Lecture 16 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this model the transfer of electrons through the respiratory chain leads to the pumping of protons from the matrix to the cytoplasmic side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ATP syntha ...
... Electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this model the transfer of electrons through the respiratory chain leads to the pumping of protons from the matrix to the cytoplasmic side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ATP syntha ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑