SECONDARY SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND PHYLOGENETIC
... Raff and Kaufman, 1983). Consistent with this view is the idea that phenotypic variation between sexes may be limited to particular characters in one species, which differ from those involved in dimorphism in another species. As a consequence, "closely related species differ most in secondary sexual ...
... Raff and Kaufman, 1983). Consistent with this view is the idea that phenotypic variation between sexes may be limited to particular characters in one species, which differ from those involved in dimorphism in another species. As a consequence, "closely related species differ most in secondary sexual ...
evolution by natural selection
... occurs when there is heritable variation for a trait, and individuals with one version of the trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with a different version of the trait. It can also be thought of as the elimination of alleles from a population that reduce the reproductive rate of ...
... occurs when there is heritable variation for a trait, and individuals with one version of the trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with a different version of the trait. It can also be thought of as the elimination of alleles from a population that reduce the reproductive rate of ...
Knackstedt, K.A., H.B. Thorpe, C.R. Santangelo, M.A. Balinski, and R
... It has been observed that recombination can increase the amount of new multi-gene genetic variation, which in turn can influence adaptive evolution (Muller, 1964; Maynard Smith, 1978, 1988; Michod, 1995). What is not completely understood is how selection influences frequencies of recombination. In ...
... It has been observed that recombination can increase the amount of new multi-gene genetic variation, which in turn can influence adaptive evolution (Muller, 1964; Maynard Smith, 1978, 1988; Michod, 1995). What is not completely understood is how selection influences frequencies of recombination. In ...
File
... An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. Beneficial adaptations better suit organisms to their environment, and in turn, they’re better able to survive and reproduce. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment ...
... An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. Beneficial adaptations better suit organisms to their environment, and in turn, they’re better able to survive and reproduce. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment ...
The Hardy-Weinberg equation can test whether a population is
... Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations could each result in microevolution, but only by chance could these events improve a population’s fit to its environment. Natural selection is a blend of chance (mutation & sexual reproduction) and sorting. ...
... Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations could each result in microevolution, but only by chance could these events improve a population’s fit to its environment. Natural selection is a blend of chance (mutation & sexual reproduction) and sorting. ...
Demography can favour female
... to a particular habitat can lead to a large number of propagules from that habitat; alleles carried by these propagules can come to predominate in the global population (as in source –sink theory [7]). However, this effect can be sexspecific: above-average offspring production requires that females, ...
... to a particular habitat can lead to a large number of propagules from that habitat; alleles carried by these propagules can come to predominate in the global population (as in source –sink theory [7]). However, this effect can be sexspecific: above-average offspring production requires that females, ...
Darwin - Integrative Biology
... production of inherited variation, and the second of the sorting of this variability by natural selection (see Fig. 1.21 (7th) (Fig. 1.15 6th)). Since there is high mortality amongst all species, and many more individuals are born than needed to maintain the population size, traits that increase the ...
... production of inherited variation, and the second of the sorting of this variability by natural selection (see Fig. 1.21 (7th) (Fig. 1.15 6th)). Since there is high mortality amongst all species, and many more individuals are born than needed to maintain the population size, traits that increase the ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... Prior to Darwin, there was no particular explanation for these four attributes of the living world. In most civilizations, there was a tacit acceptance that this was the way things were or happened to be. In the intellectual world of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, the dominant view was that ...
... Prior to Darwin, there was no particular explanation for these four attributes of the living world. In most civilizations, there was a tacit acceptance that this was the way things were or happened to be. In the intellectual world of Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, the dominant view was that ...
Human Sexuality - Lone Star College System
... others Ethnocentric fallacy: the belief that one’s own ethnic group, nation, or culture’s values and customs are innately superior to others’ ...
... others Ethnocentric fallacy: the belief that one’s own ethnic group, nation, or culture’s values and customs are innately superior to others’ ...
ppt
... C. Mechanism: Natural Selection 1. Transitional Observations 2. The Theory of Natural Selection "It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the dam ...
... C. Mechanism: Natural Selection 1. Transitional Observations 2. The Theory of Natural Selection "It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the dam ...
Taxonomy - Ross Koning
... Darwin’s Four Postulates • Evolution is a logical outcome of four postulates… – populations have natural variation – the organism’s features are heritable – more offspring are produced than can survive – some individuals produce more offspring because of the environment ...
... Darwin’s Four Postulates • Evolution is a logical outcome of four postulates… – populations have natural variation – the organism’s features are heritable – more offspring are produced than can survive – some individuals produce more offspring because of the environment ...
Sexual Coercion
... A form of acquaintance rape As many as 1 in 4 college woman reports being forced into sexual intercourse by dates Man tends to perceive returning home with him as willingness to have sex Consent is at issue since incidents occur in context in which sex could voluntarily occur ...
... A form of acquaintance rape As many as 1 in 4 college woman reports being forced into sexual intercourse by dates Man tends to perceive returning home with him as willingness to have sex Consent is at issue since incidents occur in context in which sex could voluntarily occur ...
The cost of males in non-equilibrium populations
... Hence the conclusions are restricted to mechanisms for sex that operate on that time scale. As parasite generation times can be much faster than host generation times, host–parasite co-evolution stands as a possible mechanism to favour host sex, especially in K-selected species. However, the model i ...
... Hence the conclusions are restricted to mechanisms for sex that operate on that time scale. As parasite generation times can be much faster than host generation times, host–parasite co-evolution stands as a possible mechanism to favour host sex, especially in K-selected species. However, the model i ...
Thinking through Texts: Toward a Critical Buddhist
... Dalai Lama began by reiterating his opposition to discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and his commitment to “full human rights” for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people. 3 “It is wrong for society to reject people on the basis of their sexual orientation,” His Holiness sai ...
... Dalai Lama began by reiterating his opposition to discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and his commitment to “full human rights” for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender people. 3 “It is wrong for society to reject people on the basis of their sexual orientation,” His Holiness sai ...
Science and sexual desire
... natural selection She received some ambivalent reviews, even from women, some from self-identified feminists Who expressed concern that evolutionary accounts were needed to legitimize female pleasure, or that arguments against evolutionary accounts might lead to a devaluing of orgasm in women. ...
... natural selection She received some ambivalent reviews, even from women, some from self-identified feminists Who expressed concern that evolutionary accounts were needed to legitimize female pleasure, or that arguments against evolutionary accounts might lead to a devaluing of orgasm in women. ...
Peppered Moths - Cloudfront.net
... What happens to life that has favorable traits to survive the change? ...
... What happens to life that has favorable traits to survive the change? ...
paper - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... lead to genetic polymorphism in both the host and parasite, as first recognized by Haldane (1949). Hence, if an asexual clone becomes the most common genotype in an otherwise sexual population, the parasites would be expected to quickly evolve to infect it. If the parasites evolve to disproportionat ...
... lead to genetic polymorphism in both the host and parasite, as first recognized by Haldane (1949). Hence, if an asexual clone becomes the most common genotype in an otherwise sexual population, the parasites would be expected to quickly evolve to infect it. If the parasites evolve to disproportionat ...
013368718X_CH16_247
... Some offspring inherit traits that increase fitness (adaptations). Individuals in a population have many variations. ...
... Some offspring inherit traits that increase fitness (adaptations). Individuals in a population have many variations. ...
Chapter 10 - Peoria Public Schools
... Section 10.3: Theory of Natural Selection • Adaptation leads to fitness. • Fitness is the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other organisms. • The fitness only remains if the environment remains constant. • As the environment changes, the traits that were onc ...
... Section 10.3: Theory of Natural Selection • Adaptation leads to fitness. • Fitness is the measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other organisms. • The fitness only remains if the environment remains constant. • As the environment changes, the traits that were onc ...
Intralocus Sexual Conflict
... other tactics to prevent the partner from remating (e.g., Watson et al. 1998), physical or physiological harassment of the partner aimed at reducing the success of competitors (e.g., Chapman et al. 1995), evasion of parental care (e.g., Trivers 1972; Royle et al. 2002), and resistance against mating ...
... other tactics to prevent the partner from remating (e.g., Watson et al. 1998), physical or physiological harassment of the partner aimed at reducing the success of competitors (e.g., Chapman et al. 1995), evasion of parental care (e.g., Trivers 1972; Royle et al. 2002), and resistance against mating ...
Natural selection stops the evolution of male attractiveness
... natural selection (7). It is thus surprising that there are few examples in which the divergence of sexual traits among natural populations of the same species can be attributed primarily to sexual selection (7). Within a single population, strong sexual selection on a heritable trait has been shown ...
... natural selection (7). It is thus surprising that there are few examples in which the divergence of sexual traits among natural populations of the same species can be attributed primarily to sexual selection (7). Within a single population, strong sexual selection on a heritable trait has been shown ...
Natural s
... cells) to be passed on to offspring. There are two fundamental sources of variation in a species: Mutation - a change in the chemical structure of the gene, so it will be passed on to the offspring. Genetic recombination - mixing of the ...
... cells) to be passed on to offspring. There are two fundamental sources of variation in a species: Mutation - a change in the chemical structure of the gene, so it will be passed on to the offspring. Genetic recombination - mixing of the ...
the evolutionary ecology of gynogenesis
... Gynogens are conventionally seen as evolutionarily short lived. Age estimates of up to 100,000 years have been published for some of the gynogenetic vertebrates (Avise et al. 1991, Hedges et al. 1992, Schartl et al. 1995b, Spolsky et al. 1992). These estimates are often based on the molecular clock ...
... Gynogens are conventionally seen as evolutionarily short lived. Age estimates of up to 100,000 years have been published for some of the gynogenetic vertebrates (Avise et al. 1991, Hedges et al. 1992, Schartl et al. 1995b, Spolsky et al. 1992). These estimates are often based on the molecular clock ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.