Fri 29/07
... The four elements of withinSelf-defense in lizard eggs group conflict in animal societies ...
... The four elements of withinSelf-defense in lizard eggs group conflict in animal societies ...
Anti-Rape Powers! BAM! POW!
... Key Premises: - Human behavior can only be understood by taking into account evolutionary history as well as natural selection - Behavior depends on evolved psychological mechanisms - Mechanisms are functionally specialized to perform specific tasks/problems related to reproductive success - Human b ...
... Key Premises: - Human behavior can only be understood by taking into account evolutionary history as well as natural selection - Behavior depends on evolved psychological mechanisms - Mechanisms are functionally specialized to perform specific tasks/problems related to reproductive success - Human b ...
Mate choice turns cognitive
... Box 1. The heritability of fitness: does mate choice favor good genes? A central question in sexual selection theory has been to what extent biological fitness (survival and reproduction ability) remains genetically heritable in most speciesa–k. If fitness is highly heritable, individual variation i ...
... Box 1. The heritability of fitness: does mate choice favor good genes? A central question in sexual selection theory has been to what extent biological fitness (survival and reproduction ability) remains genetically heritable in most speciesa–k. If fitness is highly heritable, individual variation i ...
Chapter 15-1 and 15-2 pp 368-377
... The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called ________________. A. descent with modification B. struggle for existence C. artificial selection D. acquired traits ...
... The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called ________________. A. descent with modification B. struggle for existence C. artificial selection D. acquired traits ...
Ecology, sexual selection and speciation
... selection. Here, preferences become genetically linked to traits that are subject to natural selection. For example, when adaptation-assortative mating preferences spread as a result of selection against maladapted offspring, linkage disequilibrium evolves between the genes underlying adaptation and ...
... selection. Here, preferences become genetically linked to traits that are subject to natural selection. For example, when adaptation-assortative mating preferences spread as a result of selection against maladapted offspring, linkage disequilibrium evolves between the genes underlying adaptation and ...
013368718X_CH16_247
... Lamarck’s Evolutionary Hypothesis Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose hypotheses about how evolution occurred. To explain evolution, Lamarck hypothesized that all organisms have an inborn drive to become more complex and perfect. According to Lamarck, an organism could ...
... Lamarck’s Evolutionary Hypothesis Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose hypotheses about how evolution occurred. To explain evolution, Lamarck hypothesized that all organisms have an inborn drive to become more complex and perfect. According to Lamarck, an organism could ...
Male Sexual Addiction - National Forum Journals
... emotional difficulties, personality disorders, as a form of coping mechanism, a result of childhood trauma” (Kennard, 2006, p. 1). Researchers have found that individuals who are addicted to sex often come from dysfunctional families and are more likely to have been abused by a family member or some ...
... emotional difficulties, personality disorders, as a form of coping mechanism, a result of childhood trauma” (Kennard, 2006, p. 1). Researchers have found that individuals who are addicted to sex often come from dysfunctional families and are more likely to have been abused by a family member or some ...
2/10/2015 1 Adaptation and Natural Selection
... • For example, scientists have hypothesized that the chain fruits of cholla are actually an adaptation for seed distribution by large extinct mammals such as the gomphothere. • If the hypothesis is correct, these fruit characteristics can no longer be considered adaptations for seed distribution ...
... • For example, scientists have hypothesized that the chain fruits of cholla are actually an adaptation for seed distribution by large extinct mammals such as the gomphothere. • If the hypothesis is correct, these fruit characteristics can no longer be considered adaptations for seed distribution ...
POPULATION GENETIC THEORY OF THE ASSORTATIVE MATING
... competition, since it is most unlikely that a male would compete only, or ...
... competition, since it is most unlikely that a male would compete only, or ...
remained fairly constant, the present pattern being that of the
... sexual dimorphism, the females being tailed and having the yellow and black pigments of the male. In the only other race which is well isolated (antinorii), all the females have tails and those with a malelike pattern are the commonest form, constituting some 8o per cent. of the female population. T ...
... sexual dimorphism, the females being tailed and having the yellow and black pigments of the male. In the only other race which is well isolated (antinorii), all the females have tails and those with a malelike pattern are the commonest form, constituting some 8o per cent. of the female population. T ...
Thinking FaiThFully abouT Sex and Marriage
... and soft nerves: we can put them in motion, or stretch them out, or bend and twist them, or contract and stiffen them, as we do with the muscles of the mouth and face.” He goes on from there at some length, and includes the following example to illustrate his point: “Some have such command of their ...
... and soft nerves: we can put them in motion, or stretch them out, or bend and twist them, or contract and stiffen them, as we do with the muscles of the mouth and face.” He goes on from there at some length, and includes the following example to illustrate his point: “Some have such command of their ...
Mayr
... could determine the thinking of all his fellow scientists. Finally, different evolutionary theories were often favored by scholars in different branches of biology—say, genetics, or developmental biology, or natural history. To understand what happened during the Evolutionary Synthesis, one must be ...
... could determine the thinking of all his fellow scientists. Finally, different evolutionary theories were often favored by scholars in different branches of biology—say, genetics, or developmental biology, or natural history. To understand what happened during the Evolutionary Synthesis, one must be ...
CHS H Bio Study Guide/Reading Questions for Evolution Chapters
... What is a “clad”? (look on pg. 516). What processes influence whether species/clades will survive? How is background extinction different from mass extinction? What happened at the end of the Cretaceous period? What did it cause and why? What is a benefit of a mass extinction? Describe and explain t ...
... What is a “clad”? (look on pg. 516). What processes influence whether species/clades will survive? How is background extinction different from mass extinction? What happened at the end of the Cretaceous period? What did it cause and why? What is a benefit of a mass extinction? Describe and explain t ...
Costs of sexual traits: a mismatch between theoretical
... the condition of the individuals. When the above conditions are met, sexual traits act as reliable indicators of overall genetic quality and become sexually selected exactly because they reduce one component of the fitness of their bearer. Recently, Getty (1998) argued that it is theoretically possi ...
... the condition of the individuals. When the above conditions are met, sexual traits act as reliable indicators of overall genetic quality and become sexually selected exactly because they reduce one component of the fitness of their bearer. Recently, Getty (1998) argued that it is theoretically possi ...
chapter 1 - WordPress.com
... Simply by virtue of being larger or smaller overall, a species may exhibit more or less dimorphism in any number of traits. Bigger animals show greater levels of dimorphism than smaller ones, generally speaking. The various explanations for why this is so will be covered in greater detail in the lit ...
... Simply by virtue of being larger or smaller overall, a species may exhibit more or less dimorphism in any number of traits. Bigger animals show greater levels of dimorphism than smaller ones, generally speaking. The various explanations for why this is so will be covered in greater detail in the lit ...
Chapter 17 Powerpoint
... Disruptive selection occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Disruptive selection acts against individuals of an intermediate type and can create two distinct phenotypes. For example, in an area where medium-sized seeds a ...
... Disruptive selection occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Disruptive selection acts against individuals of an intermediate type and can create two distinct phenotypes. For example, in an area where medium-sized seeds a ...
- Opus: Online Publications Store
... 2006; Kouyos et al., 2007; Barton, 2009; Martin and Wagner, 2009). An important third possibility is that the process of recombination, by allowing the localisation of both coherence and variation across the genomes of a population, is able to both improve robustness and facilitate evolutionary adap ...
... 2006; Kouyos et al., 2007; Barton, 2009; Martin and Wagner, 2009). An important third possibility is that the process of recombination, by allowing the localisation of both coherence and variation across the genomes of a population, is able to both improve robustness and facilitate evolutionary adap ...
Genetics Session 4_2016
... Caveat: Ne is a descriptive term, and two populations with the same effective population size can have quite different dynamics ...
... Caveat: Ne is a descriptive term, and two populations with the same effective population size can have quite different dynamics ...
Descent with Modification A Darwinian View of Life
... By the early 1840’s Darwin had developed the major features of his theory of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution. In 1844, he wrote a long essay on the origin of species and natural selection, but he was reluctant to publish his theory and continued to compile evidence to support his th ...
... By the early 1840’s Darwin had developed the major features of his theory of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution. In 1844, he wrote a long essay on the origin of species and natural selection, but he was reluctant to publish his theory and continued to compile evidence to support his th ...
Chapter 15 Darwin`s Theory of Evolution Chapter Vocabulary Review
... c. There is a struggle for existence. d. Species change over time. 26. According to Darwin’s theory, what happens to individuals whose characteristics are not well suited to their environment? 27. Darwin believed that all organisms on Earth are united into a single tree of life by ...
... c. There is a struggle for existence. d. Species change over time. 26. According to Darwin’s theory, what happens to individuals whose characteristics are not well suited to their environment? 27. Darwin believed that all organisms on Earth are united into a single tree of life by ...
CHS H Bio Study Guide/Reading Questions for Evolution Chapters
... What is a “clad”? (look on pg. 516). What processes influence whether species/clades will survive? How is background extinction different from mass extinction? What happened at the end of the Cretaceous period? What did it cause and why? What is a benefit of a mass extinction? Describe and explain t ...
... What is a “clad”? (look on pg. 516). What processes influence whether species/clades will survive? How is background extinction different from mass extinction? What happened at the end of the Cretaceous period? What did it cause and why? What is a benefit of a mass extinction? Describe and explain t ...
Female preference for fly song: playback
... females have (see Introduction). Our results confirm the importance of male song characters to mating success in D. montana. Our experiment might even underestimate the extent of discrimination for song parameters in species such as D. montana, where female song preference is relative rather than ab ...
... females have (see Introduction). Our results confirm the importance of male song characters to mating success in D. montana. Our experiment might even underestimate the extent of discrimination for song parameters in species such as D. montana, where female song preference is relative rather than ab ...
Both Costs and Benefits of Sex Correlate With Relative
... but quantifying the effects of sex in an ecologically relevant manner has proved difficult. Laboratory manipulations of asexually reproducing organisms induced to reproduce sexually have added to our empirical understanding of the effects of sex. In particular, several recent laboratory experiments ...
... but quantifying the effects of sex in an ecologically relevant manner has proved difficult. Laboratory manipulations of asexually reproducing organisms induced to reproduce sexually have added to our empirical understanding of the effects of sex. In particular, several recent laboratory experiments ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.