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Optimal Dietary Protein Levels in Juvenile Electric Blue Cichlid
... In addition to the difference in species, the high protein requirement of the electric blue may be due to its small size, as protein requirements of fish decrease with increasing size and age (NRC, 1993). The optimum dietary protein level for fish is influenced by the dietary protein:energy ratio, t ...
... In addition to the difference in species, the high protein requirement of the electric blue may be due to its small size, as protein requirements of fish decrease with increasing size and age (NRC, 1993). The optimum dietary protein level for fish is influenced by the dietary protein:energy ratio, t ...
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... • The protein migration in a medium possessing a stable pH gradient • moves to a zone in the medium where the pH is equal to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. • the charge becomes zero • migration ceases • the protein zones are very sharp – diffusion is also counteracted • acquisition of ch ...
... • The protein migration in a medium possessing a stable pH gradient • moves to a zone in the medium where the pH is equal to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. • the charge becomes zero • migration ceases • the protein zones are very sharp – diffusion is also counteracted • acquisition of ch ...
Human mitochondrial leucyl tRNA synthetase can suppress non
... Mitochondria are found ubiquitously in nucleated eukaryotic cells. One of their key functions is to generate ATP via oxidative ...
... Mitochondria are found ubiquitously in nucleated eukaryotic cells. One of their key functions is to generate ATP via oxidative ...
Review of the reconstruction
... Nevertheless, AcoABCL seems to be the main acetoin dehydrogenase [22]. B. subtilis produces ethanol and 2,3-butanediol during the fermentation [22]. The pathways that lead to ethanol production are not well characterized. No acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that directly produces acetaldehyde from acetyl- ...
... Nevertheless, AcoABCL seems to be the main acetoin dehydrogenase [22]. B. subtilis produces ethanol and 2,3-butanediol during the fermentation [22]. The pathways that lead to ethanol production are not well characterized. No acetaldehyde dehydrogenase that directly produces acetaldehyde from acetyl- ...
Similarities between putative transport proteins of plant viruses
... sequence of proteins encoded by CMV strain O (Hayakawa et al., 1989) and the very similar strain Y (Nitta et al., 1988) were not separately analysed. Three ORF I product caulimoviral sequences were used: CaMV, Cabb S isolate (Franck et al., 1980), CERV (Hull et aL, 1986) and FMV (Richins et al., 198 ...
... sequence of proteins encoded by CMV strain O (Hayakawa et al., 1989) and the very similar strain Y (Nitta et al., 1988) were not separately analysed. Three ORF I product caulimoviral sequences were used: CaMV, Cabb S isolate (Franck et al., 1980), CERV (Hull et aL, 1986) and FMV (Richins et al., 198 ...
(EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts
... A cDNA encoding the Calvin cycle enzyme transketolase (TKL; EC 2.2.1.1) was isolated from Sorghum bicolor via subtractive differential hybridization, and used to isolate several full-length cDNA clones for this enzyme from spinach. Functional identity of the encoded mature subunit was shown by an 8. ...
... A cDNA encoding the Calvin cycle enzyme transketolase (TKL; EC 2.2.1.1) was isolated from Sorghum bicolor via subtractive differential hybridization, and used to isolate several full-length cDNA clones for this enzyme from spinach. Functional identity of the encoded mature subunit was shown by an 8. ...
User`s guide to GO
... Using the GO Decide on GO analysis tool How much GO is available for your species? Getting GO for you data set Adding GO for your data ...
... Using the GO Decide on GO analysis tool How much GO is available for your species? Getting GO for you data set Adding GO for your data ...
Figure S1 The yellow color of the Mimulus lewisii nectar
... region) were likely to be caused by incorrect mapping. A total of 36,219 high quality SNPs were kept after filtering out clustered SNPs. The third step is to filter out heterozygous SNPs. SNPs with variant frequency less than 95% were considered as heterozygous. As a result, 3,450 high quality, homo ...
... region) were likely to be caused by incorrect mapping. A total of 36,219 high quality SNPs were kept after filtering out clustered SNPs. The third step is to filter out heterozygous SNPs. SNPs with variant frequency less than 95% were considered as heterozygous. As a result, 3,450 high quality, homo ...
A Bayesian network model for protein fold and remote homologue
... were shown to be three times more effective than pairwise methods at detecting remote protein homologies. Further improvement in the sensitivity of remote homologue classification has been obtained by Jaakkola et al. (1999) who have used sequence-based HMMs to develop a discriminative model, based o ...
... were shown to be three times more effective than pairwise methods at detecting remote protein homologies. Further improvement in the sensitivity of remote homologue classification has been obtained by Jaakkola et al. (1999) who have used sequence-based HMMs to develop a discriminative model, based o ...
Insilico Studies on Taste Receptor Gene (Tas2r38) and Tas2r38
... receptors. Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein [9]. A study was done in humans, based o ...
... receptors. Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein [9]. A study was done in humans, based o ...
An efficient method for genome-wide polyadenylation
... into the 30 -untranslated regions (UTR). Our comparative analysis demonstrates that it outperforms existing protocols in quality and throughput and accurately quantifies RNA levels as only one read is produced from each transcript. We use this method to characterize the diversity of polyadenylation ...
... into the 30 -untranslated regions (UTR). Our comparative analysis demonstrates that it outperforms existing protocols in quality and throughput and accurately quantifies RNA levels as only one read is produced from each transcript. We use this method to characterize the diversity of polyadenylation ...
PURIFICATION OF TAP TAGGED YEAST PROTEINS Annika Väntänen
... The end products of the mitochondrial FAS are octanoyl-ACP, medium- and long-chain fatty acids. These mitochondrially synthesised long-chain fatty acids, for example 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, are possibly used for protein acylation which is one type of lipid modifications of proteins. The best charac ...
... The end products of the mitochondrial FAS are octanoyl-ACP, medium- and long-chain fatty acids. These mitochondrially synthesised long-chain fatty acids, for example 3-hydroxymyristoyl-ACP, are possibly used for protein acylation which is one type of lipid modifications of proteins. The best charac ...
Altering protein specificity: techniques and applications
... High resolution structural data of a protein and sometimes its complexes with biologically relevant small molecules have historically been used to provide a starting point for deciding what amino acid residues to vary. However, computational methods are being used with increasing frequency to provid ...
... High resolution structural data of a protein and sometimes its complexes with biologically relevant small molecules have historically been used to provide a starting point for deciding what amino acid residues to vary. However, computational methods are being used with increasing frequency to provid ...
Figure S1. Chloroplast localization and topology of TerC
... thylakoid membranes of transformed Arabidopsis lines. Salt treatments were performed as described previously (Armbruster et al. 2010) using antibodies specific for GFP, Lhcb1 (Agrisera) and PsaD (Agrisera). For thermolysin treatments, isolated thylakoid membranes were resuspended in10 mM HEPES-KOH, ...
... thylakoid membranes of transformed Arabidopsis lines. Salt treatments were performed as described previously (Armbruster et al. 2010) using antibodies specific for GFP, Lhcb1 (Agrisera) and PsaD (Agrisera). For thermolysin treatments, isolated thylakoid membranes were resuspended in10 mM HEPES-KOH, ...
Patterns of prokaryotic lateral gene transfers affecting parasitic
... ’TMDs ≥ 4’ or ‘TMDs 1-3’ refers to the number of TMDs predicted on protein sequences. Transporters typically have at least four TMDs (TMDs ≥ 4). Proteins with one to three TMDs represent putative membrane proteins. d EC numbers were annotated for each entry based on a significant sequence similarity ...
... ’TMDs ≥ 4’ or ‘TMDs 1-3’ refers to the number of TMDs predicted on protein sequences. Transporters typically have at least four TMDs (TMDs ≥ 4). Proteins with one to three TMDs represent putative membrane proteins. d EC numbers were annotated for each entry based on a significant sequence similarity ...
Report Argonaute Loading Improves the 5
... (w1%; Figure 2A and Table S1). We also observed a second, more frequent type of heterogeneity: variability in the position of the miRNA 50 and 30 ends within the sequence of the miRNA precursors (Figure 2B). Nontemplated nucleotides fortuitously matching the templated sequence are predicted to occur ...
... (w1%; Figure 2A and Table S1). We also observed a second, more frequent type of heterogeneity: variability in the position of the miRNA 50 and 30 ends within the sequence of the miRNA precursors (Figure 2B). Nontemplated nucleotides fortuitously matching the templated sequence are predicted to occur ...
MILK SYNTHESIS ENZYMES AND THEIR ROLES IN MILK QUALITY
... Milk fat contains omega-3 FA, which also have proven to elicit positive effects on human health. Dietary omega-6 fatty acids also are important because most of those are considered “essential” FA (i.e. not synthesized by the organism, but with essential functions). Western diets typically ...
... Milk fat contains omega-3 FA, which also have proven to elicit positive effects on human health. Dietary omega-6 fatty acids also are important because most of those are considered “essential” FA (i.e. not synthesized by the organism, but with essential functions). Western diets typically ...
Patterns of prokaryotic lateral gene transfers affecting parasitic
... ’TMDs ≥ 4’ or ‘TMDs 1-3’ refers to the number of TMDs predicted on protein sequences. Transporters typically have at least four TMDs (TMDs ≥ 4). Proteins with one to three TMDs represent putative membrane proteins. d EC numbers were annotated for each entry based on a significant sequence similarity ...
... ’TMDs ≥ 4’ or ‘TMDs 1-3’ refers to the number of TMDs predicted on protein sequences. Transporters typically have at least four TMDs (TMDs ≥ 4). Proteins with one to three TMDs represent putative membrane proteins. d EC numbers were annotated for each entry based on a significant sequence similarity ...
University of Groningen Sugar transport in
... amino acids followed by a hydrophobic region that is sufficiently long to anchor the protein to the membrane. In the binding proteins for glucose, trehalose, and arabinose of S. solfataricus, this charged amino-terminus is processed (Fig. 4b) at a site that is normally cleaved by a bacterial type IV ...
... amino acids followed by a hydrophobic region that is sufficiently long to anchor the protein to the membrane. In the binding proteins for glucose, trehalose, and arabinose of S. solfataricus, this charged amino-terminus is processed (Fig. 4b) at a site that is normally cleaved by a bacterial type IV ...
Intrastrand Self-complementary Sequences in Bacillus subtilis DNA
... chromosome. Molecules of DNA which are retained by hydroxyapatite (e.g. HA HII) need not be perfectly helical but can have single-stranded tails or loops (Wilson & Thomas, 1973). To determine whether the DNA sequence responsible for the transforming activity resides in the base-paired or single-stra ...
... chromosome. Molecules of DNA which are retained by hydroxyapatite (e.g. HA HII) need not be perfectly helical but can have single-stranded tails or loops (Wilson & Thomas, 1973). To determine whether the DNA sequence responsible for the transforming activity resides in the base-paired or single-stra ...
Gene therapy: Current status and future perspectives
... and liver cells when directly injected, also it has been applied directly. Long term expression has been observed in skeletal muscle following injection for more than 19 months. Although naked DNA injection is a safe and simple method, its efficiency for gene delivery is low so it is only proper for ...
... and liver cells when directly injected, also it has been applied directly. Long term expression has been observed in skeletal muscle following injection for more than 19 months. Although naked DNA injection is a safe and simple method, its efficiency for gene delivery is low so it is only proper for ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... and energy sources for growth and N2 fixation, whereas Azospirillum lipoferum can also use glucose (31). Recently, Azospirillum amazonense was described as a microaerobic, acid-tolerant, root-colonizing bacterium that can use sucrose to support growth and N2 fixation (8, 19). Biological N2 fixation ...
... and energy sources for growth and N2 fixation, whereas Azospirillum lipoferum can also use glucose (31). Recently, Azospirillum amazonense was described as a microaerobic, acid-tolerant, root-colonizing bacterium that can use sucrose to support growth and N2 fixation (8, 19). Biological N2 fixation ...
Pax8, a murine paired box gene expressed in the developing
... (Deutsch etal. 1988). Furthermore, a point mutation in the highly conserved region of the paired box oiPaxl is associated with the undulated mutant, characterized by malformations in the vertebral column (Balling et al. 1988). Another recently described murine paired box gene, Pax2, is expressed in ...
... (Deutsch etal. 1988). Furthermore, a point mutation in the highly conserved region of the paired box oiPaxl is associated with the undulated mutant, characterized by malformations in the vertebral column (Balling et al. 1988). Another recently described murine paired box gene, Pax2, is expressed in ...
CS273_SequenceSimilarity1
... • Nucleic acids and proteins are related by molecular evolution Orthologs: two proteins in animals X and Y that evolved from one protein in immediate ancestor animal Z Paralogs: two proteins that evolved from one protein through duplication in some ancestor Homologs: orthologs or paralogs that ...
... • Nucleic acids and proteins are related by molecular evolution Orthologs: two proteins in animals X and Y that evolved from one protein in immediate ancestor animal Z Paralogs: two proteins that evolved from one protein through duplication in some ancestor Homologs: orthologs or paralogs that ...
Interaction of DNA with ribosomes in cell-free protein
... the genetic message has been proposed for some cellfree systems of higher organism s. In extracts from liver nuclei, DNA effects a strong stimulation of the amino acid incorporation in vitro 4’ 5. A lso in cellfree systems of Chlorella, such a stimulation by DNA extracted from various organisms was ...
... the genetic message has been proposed for some cellfree systems of higher organism s. In extracts from liver nuclei, DNA effects a strong stimulation of the amino acid incorporation in vitro 4’ 5. A lso in cellfree systems of Chlorella, such a stimulation by DNA extracted from various organisms was ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.