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DNA, RNA, Genes, Chromosomes
... In chemical terms, genes are composed of segments of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA is a very long molecule, composed of individual units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains phosphate, the sugar deoxyribose, and one of four nucleic acid bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. It ...
... In chemical terms, genes are composed of segments of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA is a very long molecule, composed of individual units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains phosphate, the sugar deoxyribose, and one of four nucleic acid bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine. It ...
21 356 Molecular Biology
... 1. Describe how the structure of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates contributes to their specific functions. 2. Describe the central dogma of the flow of genetic information. 3. Describe the intermolecular forces used to promote interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohy ...
... 1. Describe how the structure of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates contributes to their specific functions. 2. Describe the central dogma of the flow of genetic information. 3. Describe the intermolecular forces used to promote interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohy ...
投影片 1
... needs to take some processes of modification before entering the cytoplasm. Capping at 5’ end with a methyl G. Splicing and remove introns( non-coding sequences). Polyadenylation at 3’end.( poly-A tail) ...
... needs to take some processes of modification before entering the cytoplasm. Capping at 5’ end with a methyl G. Splicing and remove introns( non-coding sequences). Polyadenylation at 3’end.( poly-A tail) ...
Lecture 21 Student Powerpoint
... increase in expression 5. Gene Myc: green = decrease in expression ...
... increase in expression 5. Gene Myc: green = decrease in expression ...
transcription and rna
... Central dogma: DNA RNA protein Transcription: DNA information template for RNA synthesis Many genes encode proteins Some genes encode other types of RNA (eg., transfer RNA) Translation: Information in mRNAs translated into amino acid sequences of proteins ...
... Central dogma: DNA RNA protein Transcription: DNA information template for RNA synthesis Many genes encode proteins Some genes encode other types of RNA (eg., transfer RNA) Translation: Information in mRNAs translated into amino acid sequences of proteins ...
Chapter 9 Expressing Genetic Information Learning Targets
... What happens during transcription Where transcription takes place How do the RNA nucleotides pair with DNA The three stages of transcription 9.4 RNA Processing I can describe Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes Primary vs Mature RNA Cap,tail of RNA Introns, exons, splicing 9.5 Translation I ca ...
... What happens during transcription Where transcription takes place How do the RNA nucleotides pair with DNA The three stages of transcription 9.4 RNA Processing I can describe Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes Primary vs Mature RNA Cap,tail of RNA Introns, exons, splicing 9.5 Translation I ca ...
Day 2 (Jan. 23) Scribe Notes
... thymine. It is not as stable as DNA. The stability of DNA makes it suitable for storing the genetic information, whereas RNA is suitable for actually using the genetic information to carry out the functions of the cell. The particular kind of RNA which is tranlated into protein, called tRNA (“transf ...
... thymine. It is not as stable as DNA. The stability of DNA makes it suitable for storing the genetic information, whereas RNA is suitable for actually using the genetic information to carry out the functions of the cell. The particular kind of RNA which is tranlated into protein, called tRNA (“transf ...
Chapter 5
... Transcriptional and translational control • Transcriptional – Alteration in the concentration of mRNA • Regulation of mRNA polymerase ...
... Transcriptional and translational control • Transcriptional – Alteration in the concentration of mRNA • Regulation of mRNA polymerase ...
Protein Synthesis - mvhs
... REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TERMS Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation DNA Amino acids RNA Polymerase Enzymes Protein Ribosome ...
... REVIEW: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TERMS Protein Synthesis Transcription Translation DNA Amino acids RNA Polymerase Enzymes Protein Ribosome ...
國立嘉義大學九十二學年度
... (1) There will be a special nucleotide cap on the 5' end of the mRNA. (2) There is usually a poly A tail on the 3' end of the mRNA. (3) The mature, active mRNA contains introns. (4) Only a single protein is made from any mature mRNA molecule. (5) All of these are true. 9. Post-translational processi ...
... (1) There will be a special nucleotide cap on the 5' end of the mRNA. (2) There is usually a poly A tail on the 3' end of the mRNA. (3) The mature, active mRNA contains introns. (4) Only a single protein is made from any mature mRNA molecule. (5) All of these are true. 9. Post-translational processi ...
of the protein - Duplin County Schools
... your DNA. The section of DNA that codes for one protein is called a gene A gene is a section of DNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Therefore, the gene determines the shape and therefore, the function of the protein it codes for. ...
... your DNA. The section of DNA that codes for one protein is called a gene A gene is a section of DNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Therefore, the gene determines the shape and therefore, the function of the protein it codes for. ...
Ch. 10: Presentation Slides
... Translation: Initiation • The initiation complex moves along the mRNA in the 3’ direction, scanning for the first of the initial methionine codon AUG • At this point eIF5 causes the release of all the initiation factors and the recruitment of a large 60S ribosomal subunit • This subunit includes th ...
... Translation: Initiation • The initiation complex moves along the mRNA in the 3’ direction, scanning for the first of the initial methionine codon AUG • At this point eIF5 causes the release of all the initiation factors and the recruitment of a large 60S ribosomal subunit • This subunit includes th ...
No Slide Title
... Activator proteins act on promoters that do not bind RNA polymerase on their own. These promoters are made fully functional by the addition of a bound activator protein which is also allosteric, activated by binding another molecule at a site different from the DNA binding site. ...
... Activator proteins act on promoters that do not bind RNA polymerase on their own. These promoters are made fully functional by the addition of a bound activator protein which is also allosteric, activated by binding another molecule at a site different from the DNA binding site. ...
Chapter 12
... deletion of a single base in a gene. • This type of mutation shifts the code, changing many of the codons to different codons. • These shifts almost always lead to the production of nonfunctional proteins. ...
... deletion of a single base in a gene. • This type of mutation shifts the code, changing many of the codons to different codons. • These shifts almost always lead to the production of nonfunctional proteins. ...
amino acids
... Both strands run in opposite directions to each other and are glued by complementary bases: 4A – T 4C – G Each living cell posseses the whole genetic information about the organism. ...
... Both strands run in opposite directions to each other and are glued by complementary bases: 4A – T 4C – G Each living cell posseses the whole genetic information about the organism. ...
DNA - wwphs
... Gene Expression • Together transcription and translation are called gene expression. • The genetic information encoded in the DNA of an embryo includes all of the genes needed to develop and maintain the organism. • Different cell types express different subsets of genes. • Differential gene expres ...
... Gene Expression • Together transcription and translation are called gene expression. • The genetic information encoded in the DNA of an embryo includes all of the genes needed to develop and maintain the organism. • Different cell types express different subsets of genes. • Differential gene expres ...
EOC Review Part 4
... gene/chromosome; haploid = having one copy During meiosis, when does crossing over take place? Prophase I ...
... gene/chromosome; haploid = having one copy During meiosis, when does crossing over take place? Prophase I ...
Investigating the effects of different types of mutations
... The sequence of DNA that encodes for a protein is called a gene. Genes encode for all proteinsfrom the enzymes needed in respiration to the tough keratin protein that makes up your fingernails. The first step in the production of a protein is creating a messenger that can pass from the DNA in the nu ...
... The sequence of DNA that encodes for a protein is called a gene. Genes encode for all proteinsfrom the enzymes needed in respiration to the tough keratin protein that makes up your fingernails. The first step in the production of a protein is creating a messenger that can pass from the DNA in the nu ...
Ch 3 Cells - Review Cell theory The cell is the smallest unit of life
... 1. maintain the cell’s integrity The phospholipid bilayer is a semipermeable membrane that separates intracellular from extracellular fluids and chemicals. It is permeable to lipids and some water. Cholesterol is present in and gives strength to all plasma membranes. 2. control transport in/out of c ...
... 1. maintain the cell’s integrity The phospholipid bilayer is a semipermeable membrane that separates intracellular from extracellular fluids and chemicals. It is permeable to lipids and some water. Cholesterol is present in and gives strength to all plasma membranes. 2. control transport in/out of c ...
Chap 3
... (6) Enhancers are the sequences that increase the transcriptional activity of genes. They interact with promoters to increase the rate of transcription initiation. (7) Enhancers vary in their location, and may be found upstream, downstream, or even within the gene. Whereas a promoter must be in a re ...
... (6) Enhancers are the sequences that increase the transcriptional activity of genes. They interact with promoters to increase the rate of transcription initiation. (7) Enhancers vary in their location, and may be found upstream, downstream, or even within the gene. Whereas a promoter must be in a re ...
Gene expression (central dogma)
... steps in order to become a mature mRNA. During processing, caps are added to the ends of the RNA, and some pieces of it may be carefully removed in a process called splicing. These steps do not happen in bacteria. ...
... steps in order to become a mature mRNA. During processing, caps are added to the ends of the RNA, and some pieces of it may be carefully removed in a process called splicing. These steps do not happen in bacteria. ...
3 Nucleosides nucleotides and nucleic acids
... - EXONS are portions of genes which encode protens; - INTRONS are portions of the gene which are not encoded into proteins - PROMOTER regions are near the transcription start of the gene, and this is where RNA polymerase binds to start the encryption of RNA; it usually includes a TATA (thymine-adeni ...
... - EXONS are portions of genes which encode protens; - INTRONS are portions of the gene which are not encoded into proteins - PROMOTER regions are near the transcription start of the gene, and this is where RNA polymerase binds to start the encryption of RNA; it usually includes a TATA (thymine-adeni ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.